Internet Security Essay, Research Paper
INTRODUCTION
Many people today are familiar with the Internet and its use. A large number of its users however, are not aware of the security problems they face when using the Internet. Most users feel they are anonymous when on-line, yet in actuality they are not. There are some very easy ways to protect the user from future problems. The Internet has brought many advantages to its users but has also created some major problems. Most people believe that they are anonymous when they are using the Internet. Because of this thinking, they are not careful with what they do and where they go when on the “net.” Security is a major issue with the Internet because the general public now has access to it. When only the government and higher education had access, there was no worry about credit card numbers and other types of important data being taken. There are many advantages the Internet brings to its users, but there are also many problems with the Internet security, especially when dealing with personal security, business security, and the government involvement to protect the users.
THE INTERNET
The Internet is a new, barely regulated frontier, and there are many reasons to be concerned with security. The same features that make the Internet so appealing such as interactivity, versatile communication, and customizability also make it an ideal way for someone to keep a careful watch on the user without them being aware of it (Lemmons 1). It may not seem like it, but it is completely possible to build a personal profile on someone just by tracking them in cyberspace. Every action a person does while logged onto the Internet is recorded somewhere (Boyan, Codel, and Parekh 3).
An individual’s personal security is the major issue surrounding the Internet. If a person cannot be secure and have privacy on the Internet, the whole system will fail. According to the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), any web site can find out whose server and the location of the server a person used to get on the Internet, whether his computer is Windows or DOS based, and also the Internet browser that was used. This is the only information that can be taken legally. However, it can safely be assumed that in some cases much more data is actually taken (1). These are just a few of the many ways for people to find out the identity of an individual and what they are doing when on the Internet.
PERSONAL SECURITY
How is information obtained from users?
One of the most common ways for web masters to find out information about the user is to use passive recording of transactional information. What this does is record the movements the user had on a web site. It can tell where the user came from, how long he stayed, what files he looked at, and where he went when he left. This information is totally legal to obtain, and often the web master will use it to see what part of his site attracts the most attention. By doing this, he can improve his site for the people that return often (Boyan,Codel, and Parekh 2).
There is a much more devious way that someone can gain access to information on a user’s hard-drive. In the past, the user did not need to be concerned about the browser he used; that changed when Netscape Navigator 2.0was introduced. Netscape 2.0 takes advantage of a programming language called Java. Java uses the browser to activate programs to better enhance the web site the user was viewing. It is possible for someone to write a program using Java that transfers data from the user’s computer back to the web site without the user ever being aware of anything being taken. Netscape has issued new releases that fix some but not all of the two dozen holes in the program (Methvin 3). Many people do not realize that they often give information to web sites by doing something called direct disclosure. Direct disclosure is just that, the user gives the web site information such as their e-mail address, real address, phone number, and any other information that is requested. Often, by giving up information, a user will receive special benefits for “registering” such as a better version of some software or being allowed into “member only areas” (Boyan, Codel, and Parekh 2).
Another, but more controversial way of gathering data is by the use of client-side persistent information or “cookie” (Boyan, Codel, and Parekh 2). Cookies are merely some encoded data that the web site sends to the browser when the user leaves the site. This data will be retrieved when the user returns at a later time. Although cookies are stored on the user’s hard-drive, they are actually pretty harmless and can save the user time when visiting a web site(Heim 2).
E-mails- How secure are they?
E-mail is like a postcard. E-mail is not like mailing a letter in an envelope. Every carrier that touches that e-mail can read it if they choose. Not only can the carriers see the message on the e-mail, but it can also be electronically intercepted and read by hackers. This can all be done without the sender or the receiver ever knowing anything had happened (Pepper 1). E-mail is the most intriguing thing to hackers because it can be full of important data from secret corporate information to credit card numbers (Rothfeder, “SpecialReports” 2).
The only way to secure e-mail is by encryption. This makes an envelope that the a hacker cannot penetrate. The downside to using encryption on a huge network like the Internet is that both users must have compatible software(Rothfeder, “Special Reports” 2). A way to protect a persons e-mail is to use an auto re-mailer. This gives the sender a “false” identity, which only the auto re-mailer knows, and makes it very difficult to trace the origin of the e-mail (Boyan, Codel, and Parekh 4).
BUSINESS SECURITY
Personal security is an important issue that needs to be dealt with but business security is also a major concern. “An Ernst and Young survey of 1271companies found that more than half had experienced computer-related break-ins during the past two years; 17 respondents had losses over $1 million” (”November1995 Feature”). In a survey conducted by Computer Security and the FBI, 53percent of 428 respondents said they were victims of computer viruses; 42percent also said that unauthorized use of their systems had occurred within the last 12 months (Rothfeder, “November 1996 Feature” 1).
While electronic attacks are increasing more rapidly than any other kind, a large number of data break-ins are from the inside. Ray Jarvis, President of Jarvis International Intelligence, says “In information crimes, it’s not usually the janitor who’s the culprit. It’s more likely to be an angry manager who’s already looking ahead to another job”(Rothfeder, “November 1996 Feature” 3). While electronic espionage is increasing, so is the ability to protect computer systems. “The American Society for Industrial Security estimates that high-tech crimes, including unreported incidents, may be costing U.S. corporations as much as $63 billion a year” (Rothfeder, “November 1996 Featuer”1).
Ways to protect Businesses
There are many ways for businesses to protect themselves. They can use a variety of techniques such as firewalls and encryption.
Firewalls are one of the most commonly used security devices. They are usually placed at the entrance to a network. The firewalls keep unauthorized users out while admitting authorized users only to the areas of the network to which they should have access. There are two major problems with firewalls, the first is that they need to be installed at every point the system comes in contact with other networks such as the Internet (Rothfeder, “November 1996Feature” 5). The second problem is that firewalls use passwords to keep intruders out. Because of this, the firewall is only as good as the identification scheme used to log onto a network (Rothfeder, “November 1996Feature” 2).
Passwords, a major key to firewalls, are also the most basic of security measures. The user should avoid easily guessable passwords such as a child’s name, birth date, or initials. Instead, he should use cryptic phrases and combine the use of small and capitalized letters such as “THE crow flies AT midnight”. Another easy way to avoid problems is to change the password or phrase at least once a month (Rothfeder, “November 1996 Feature” 5).
Just in case an intruder does get through the first layer of security, a good backup is to have all the data on the system encrypted. Many browsers come with their own encryption schemes, but companies can buy their own stand-alone packages as well. Most encryption packages are based on a public-private key with their own private encryption key to unlock the code for a message and decipher it. Encryption is the single best way to protect data from being read, if stolen, and is rather cost effective (Rothfeder, “November 1996 Feature”5).
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
Businesses and individuals need protection but they cannot do it alone. The Federal government will have to do its part if the Internet is going to give us all the returns possible. Businesses will not use the Internet if they do not have support from the government.
In the United States there is no set of laws that protect a person’s privacy when on the Internet. The closest rules that come to setting a standard of privacy is an assortment of laws beginning with the Constitution and continuing down to local laws. These laws unfortunately, are not geared for the Internet. These laws are there only to protect a person’s informational privacy (Boyan, Codel, and Parekh 3).
Now, because of the booming interest and activity on the Internet in both the personal and the business level, the government has started investigating the Internet and working on ways to protect the users.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA), and the National Security Agency have all devoted small units to fighting computer security crimes. After Senate hearings, the Justice Department proposed that a full-time task force be set up to study the vulnerability of the nation?s informational infrastructure. This would create a rapid-response team for investigating computer crimes. They also proposed to require all companies to report high-tech break-ins to the FBI (Rothfeder, “November 1996 Feature” 4).
CONCLUSION
Security for the Internet is improving, it is just that the usage of the Internet is growing much faster. Security is a key issue for every user of the Internet and should be addressed before a person ever logs on to the “net”. At best, all users should have passwords to protect themselves, and businesses need to put up firewalls at all points of entry. These are low cost security measures, which should not be over looked in a possible multi-billion dollar industry.
Boyan, Justin and Eddie Codel and Sameer Parekh. Center for Democracy and Technology Web Page. Http://www.13x.com/cgi-bin/cdt/snoop.pl accessed January 26, 1997: 1-4.
Heim, Judy. “Here’s How.” PC World Online January 1998: 1-3.
Lemmons, Phil. “Up Front.” PC World Online February 1998: 1-2.
Methvin, David W. “Safety on the Net.” Windows Magazine Online: 1-9.
1995 Feature PC World Online November 1-3.
Pepper, Jon. “Better Safe Than Sorry.” PC World Online October 1996: 1-2
Rothfeder, Jeffrey. “February 1997 Special Report.” PC World Online: 1-6
Rothfeder, Jeffrey. “November 1996 Features.” PC World Online: 1–6