Multiple Sclerosis Essay, Research Paper
Multiple Sclerosis
Definition
*MS is characterized by the presence of areas of demyelination
*T-cell predominant perivascular inflammation in the brain white matter
*Some axons may be spared from these pathological processes
Incidence and Prevalence
*An estimated 2,500,000 people in the world have multiple sclerosis
*MS is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system in young adults
*Diagnosis of MS is generally between 20 and 40 years of age, although onset may be earlier
Causal Factors
*Viral and autoimmune etiologies are postulated
*Genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to MS
*A specific cause for this disease is not identified
Signs and Symptoms
*Early symptoms may include:
? numbness
? paresthesia
? mono- or paraparesis
? double vision
? optic neuritis
? ataxia
? bladder control problems
*Subsequent symptoms also include:
? more prominent upper motor neuron signs
? increased spasticity
? increasing para- or quardriparesis
? Vertigo, incoordination and other cerebellar problems
? depression, emotional liability
? abnormalities in gait
? fatigue and pain
Complications
*fatigue is a major problem for those with MS
*persons with MS generally have a low tolerance for heat
*MS can cause severe mobility problems
Course
*MS is classified according to its clinical course into several categories:
?benign
?relapsing-remitting (the most common variant)
?progressive-relapsing
?primary progressive and secondary progressive
Prognosis
*life span is not significantly affected by MS
*there is no drug that can cure MS, but treatments are now available which can modify the course of the disease
Psychosocial Issues
*depression is often a symptom of MS
*because of the late onset, people with MS have to adapt to a new life
*many of these people have trouble adjusting to the use of wheelchairs, braces and crutches
*increased sexual dysfunction
*bowel and bladder control problems
*decreased mobility leaves many people with MS feeling left out and different
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