United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeCommittee on TradeWorking Party on Agricultural Quality StandardsSpecialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and VegetablesREPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORSHOP ON THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL QUALITY STANDARDS IN TECHNICAL REGULATIONS AND THE APPLICATION OF STANDARDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEAnapa, Russian Federation, 4-7 October 2010Introduction1. The purpose of the workshop was to promote the UNECE standards for fresh fruit and vegetables and dry and dried produce as international references in trade contracts and encourage their practical application in Central Asia and other CIS countries. It was organized jointly by UNECE, Russian Agency for Standardization and Metrology (Rosstandardt) and Kuban'agrostandart.2. Around 60 government officials, growers and traders from Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan attended the meeting. In addition to theoretical discussions and practical training the participants visited vineyards in the area of Novorossiisk.3. The workshop was opened by Dr. Kristina Mattsson, Vice-Chairperson of the Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables; Mr. Alexander Zazhigalkin, Deputy Chairman of Rosstandart; and Mr. Yury Kostenko, General Director of Kuban'agrostandart.4. The Anapa workshop was organized as a follow-up event to the workshop held in Osh, Kyrgyzstan, in July 2009. In Anapa, the participants reported on the progress they had made in implementing UNECE standards since the workshop in Osh. This year the focus of the workshop was on how to establish a legal basis for marketing standards and a technical infrastructure for quality inspection of fresh fruit and vegetables, drawing on the experience of the EU countries and of South Africa.5. UNECE experts from Germany, South Africa and Sweden gave presentations and provided hands-on training on how to apply the following standards in practice: apples, pears, plums, table grapes, citrus fruit, kiwifruit, walnuts and hazelnuts. The presentations and the training material, in English and Russian, are available on the UNECE website.6. The demand for technical assistance and training in the application of agricultural quality standards remains very strong in CIS countries. The delegations of Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan asked UNECE to organize training workshops in their countries. The delegates from St. Petersburg, Crimea and Moscow were also interested in receiving training in how to apply UNECE standards in practice. It was provisionally agreed to hold the next workshop in Moldova in September/October 2011, with the option of organizing one more in Tajikistan in July 2011.7. The programme of the workshop and conclusions and recommendations are contained in annexes I and II.Annex IUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe Agency for Standardization and Metrology (Rosstandardt) Scientific-research centre "Kuban'agrostandart"International workshop for CIS countries: "The use of agricultural quality standards in technical regulations and the application of standards in international trade"Anapa, Russian Federation, 4-7 October 2010Venue: Hotel RivieraProgrammePromoting the use of the UNECE standards for fresh fruit, vegetables and nuts1 as international referencesEncouraging their practical application in the Russian Federation and other CIS countriesExplaining how the standards are interpreted and used in practice in countries with developed market economiesGetting acquainted with the production and quality control of fresh fruit and vegetables in the Russian FederationInviting participants to take part in UNECE substantive work on standards.Sunday, 3 OctoberArrival and registration13:00 - 15:00 Lunch15:00 - 18:00 Preparatory meeting of organizers and experts18:00 - 20:00 DinnerMonday, 4 October08:00 - 09:00 Breakfast09:00 Opening of the workshopMs. Kristina Mattsson, Head, Trade and Markets Department, Board of Agriculture, Sweden, Vice-Chair of the UNECE Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Mr. Zazhigalkin A.V., Deputy Head, Rosstandart Mr. Yury Kostenko, Director General, "Kuban'agrostandart"Session 1. General Chaired by Zazhgalkin A.V., representative of Rosstandart, and co-Chaired by Ms. Ulrike Bickelmann, Head, Trade Standards and Inspection Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Germany, Chair of the UNECE Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables^ 09:20 Technical regulation in the agro-industrial sector Ms. Shpak I.G., Deputy Head, Technical Regulation Department, Ministry of Agriculture09:30 Standardization in the food sector of the Russian Federation Ms. Kostyleva O.F., Deputy Head, Department of Technical Regulation, Rosstandart09:50 New requirement for quarantine phytosanitary control Ms. Danil'chuk E.A., Deputy Head, Plant Quarantine Department, Krasnodar Region Quarantine Surveillance Service10:00 Experience of the Republic of Moldova in adapting the European system of commercial quality control of fresh fruit and vegetablesMr. Mihai Suvak, Head, Market Policy Department, Ministry of Agriculture of MoldovaFocus on: steps undertaken to set up a legal and technical basis for the implementation of standards; adoption of international standards as national; national regulations to create the infrastructure for the implementation of standards^ 10:30 The role of UNECE in developing standards for international trade Mr. Serguei Malanitchev, Chief, Agricultural Quality Standards Unit, UNECE Trade and Timber DivisionFocus on: how UNECE develops agricultural quality standards, who can participate, why they are important, who uses the standards10:45 - 11:15 Coffee break11:15 The use of agricultural quality standards in EU countries Ms. Kristina Mattsson, Board of Agriculture, SwedenFocus on: legal and technical infrastructure for the implementation of standards, how businesses use them, how they are interpreted, how the quality inspection system is organized and works in EU countries12:00 Production of fruit and vegetables in Krasnodar region and main destination markets Mr. Shevel' S.A., Head, Plant-growing Division, Agriculture and Food Department of Krasnodar Region12:15 - 13:30 DiscussionConclusions and recommendations of the Regional workshop held in Osh, Kyrgyzstan in 2009 (see the annex) will serve as a basis for discussion. The participants will be invited to answer the following questions:1. To what extent do you use or plan to use UNECE standards to ensure commercial quality of fresh fruit and vegetables?2. Do you have a legal basis for the implementation of commercial quality standards? Do you need to set it up or improve it?3. Do you have an inspection service to enforce the practical application of commercial quality standards? What do you intend to do to establish such a service? 4. What kind of technical assistance/capacity-building do you think would be most effective for you?13:30 - 15:00 Lunch15:00 Objective tests to determine quality of fruits and vegetables: OECD SchemeUlrike Bickelmann and Kristina Mattsson Focus on: methods of sampling, determination of total soluble solids or sugar by refractometer; determination of firmness of a fruit by penetrometer; determination of fruit acids by titration and calculation of the “sugar/acid” ratio; determination of the juice content; determination of dry matter content by laboratory reference method or microwave-oven quick method; determination of the starch content of apples using an iodine solution^ Session 2. Practical application of standards for nuts15:30 Production and import of nuts by "Orehprom"Mr. Bedzhashe S.A, Director, Quality and Food Safety Department, "Orehprom"Focus on: production of nuts in Krasnodar region; import volumes; quality and food safety control of nuts^ 15:40 Presentation of the standards for walnuts and hazelnuts (inshell and kernels) Practical exerciseUlrike Bickelmann and Kristina Mattsson16:40 Development of standards for table grapes in UkraineMs. Modonkaeva A.E., Head of Laboratory, National Viticulture Institute16:50 Ecological safety of viticulture productsMs. Vorob'eva T.N., Researcher, Horticulture and Viticulture Institute, Northern Causasus17:00 Closure for the day18:00 - 20:00 DinnerTuesday, 5 October08:00 - 08:30 Breakfast08:30 - 13:30 Technical visit to Agrocompany "Myskhako"14:00 - 15:00 LunchSession 3. Practical application of the standard for table grapes15:00 Presentation of the standard for table grapes Practical exerciseCyril Julius and Ulrike Bickelmann16:30 Sampling methods to control quality of fruits and vegetablesKristina Mattsson, Board of Agriculture, Sweden Focus on: how to take representative samples and what conclusions can be drawn, on the basis of their analysis, on the quality of the lot^ 17:00 Closure for the day19:30 - 23:00 DinnerWednesday, 6 October08:00 - 09:00 BreakfastSession 4. Presentation of standards and their practical application09:00 The standard for applesKristina Mattsson and Cyril Julius10:20 The standard for pearsUlrike Bickelmann and Cyril Julius11:20 - 11:40 Coffee break11:40 The standard for plumsCyril Julius and Ulrike Bickelmann13:00 - 15:00 Lunch15:00 How to ensure good quality of apples in production and storageKristina Mattsson, Board of Agriculture, Sweden15:30 Discussion and questions on the practical application of the standards for apples, pears and plums17:00 Closure for the day18:00 - 20:00 DinnerThursday, 7 October08:00 - 09:00 BreakfastSession 5. Quality inspection systems Chaired by Ms. Ulrike Bickelmann and co-Chaired by Ms. Olga Kostyleva^ 09:00 Using standards in practice and setting up inspection serviceKristina Mattsson, Board of Agriculture, Sweden Focus on: recommended approaches to setting up an inspection service09:30 Quality control system in South AfricaMr. Cyril Julius, Manager, Citrus Fruit Programme, Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB), South Africa Focus on: legal basis, objectives and functions of the inspection service; how it operates; how inspection service helps growers and exporters ensure high quality of their produce; what can be borrowed and what lessons could be learnt by CIS countries^ 10:00 Quality control system in GermanyMs. Ulricke Bickelmann, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Germany Focus on: legal basis, objectives and functions of the inspection service; how it operates; how inspection service protects the market from low-quality produce; what can be borrowed and what lessons could be learnt by CIS countries10:30 - 11:00 Coffee breakSession 6. Practical application of standards^ 11:00 Standard for citrus fruit Presentation of the standard and practical exerciseCyril Julius and Ulrike Bickelmann12:00 Standard for kiwifruit Presentation of the standard and practical exerciseUlrike Bickelmann and Kristina Mattsson13:00 - 14:00 LunchSession 7. Food safety Chaired by Ol'ga Kostyleva and co-Chaired by a Representative of the surveillance service ^ 14:00 Food safety regulations in EUMs. Kristina Mattsson, Swedish Board of AgricultureFocus on: EC regulations, how they are applied to fruit and vegetables; main food safety problems with regard to fruit and vegetables and how to avoid them14:30 General requirements for export of fresh fruit and vegetables to EUMs. Kristina Mattsson, Board of Agriculture, Sweden Focus on: how marketing standards fit into a broader framework of phytosanitary, food safety, traceability, labeling and other regulations and requirements; how they relate to good agricultural practices; what are the procedures to follow to obtain access to the EU market16:00 - 17:00 Technical visit to "Slavia"17:00 - 22:30 Concluding discussion and adoption of recommendations Closure of the workshop, handing out certificates, dinnerFriday, 8 October08:00 - 10:00 Breakfast12:00 Departure-----Notes to the programmeSamples of products selected for consideration will be used to discuss the application of the standards. First, experts will present the standards and explain the main problems that they have with the exported and imported products. Participants will then be invited to examine the samples exhibited on the table, take notes and decide which quality category the fruit belongs to and why. After that there will be a general discussion of the defects and quality classification of the product.AnnexConclusions and recommendations adopted by the Regional Workshop for CIS Countries on Agricultural Quality Standards and the Use of Standards in Technical Regulations(Osh, Kyrgyzstan, 14-17 July 2009)1. The implementation of commercial quality standards, as a common trading language, is essential for accessing export markets. It is also an important component of a broader system of quality assurance, along with food safety, traceability, phytosanitary aspects and other requirements.2. Compulsory application of standards is an important tool to guarantee high quality of export products. In accordance with best regulatory practices, recommended by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) “International model for regulatory cooperation”, standards can be incorporated into national legislation for compulsory use. They can also be incorporated into the statutes of exporting bodies or associations of producers.3. It is recommended that countries use the existing internationally agreed standards and related explanatory material, particularly those developed by the UNECE, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables and the Codex Alimentarius Commission on Fruits and Vegetables. These standards are accepted as the "lowest common denominators" to ensure that produce is suitable for consumption.4. It is recommended that countries participate actively in the work of the international standard-setting organizations. That will allow countries to influence the content of standards to reflect the trading practices in their region. International meetings help building networks of contacts that facilitate exchange of information on specific problems and issues.5. UNECE standards provide for minimum quality levels that allow produce that meet these levels to enter export markets.6. National, regional and private standards may set requirements higher than those of UNECE for export produce. Importing countries should not introduce quality requirements stricter than those stipulated in international standards as that would create technical barriers to trade. 7. It is strongly recommended that groups of countries trying to agree on regional standards use the already existing international standards as the baseline. Applying different rules for different markets creates considerable problems for trade.8. It is recommended that priority in implementing commercial quality standards be given to products for export. However, the practical application of these standards should also be encouraged on the domestic markets. Major players on the domestic market, especially producer, trader and consumer associations, should be involved in this work.9. Communication and promotion of standards at the national level, particularly among small-scale producers, is critical for their practical application.10. To initiate implementation of standards, it is recommended that Governments provide users with standards and associated explanatory material free of charge.11. Implementation of agricultural quality standards requires an adequate legal and technical infrastructure. Enforcing standards is the responsibility of Governments. This function can be delegated to a private independent service, which must be certified. However, the legal responsibility of enforcing standards remains within the Government.12. Inspectors should receive regular training. They should follow internationally agreed and recommended inspection procedures consistently and in a harmonized way. National inspectors’ participation in international workshops is essential for harmonizing the interpretation of standards and inspection methods across borders. This joint work builds confidence between exporting and importing countries.13. Setting up an efficiently functioning quality inspection system takes time and resources. This work should be done gradually, step by step, according to countries’ needs and resources, but taking into account trading partners requirements.14. An important task of inspection services is to advise and train growers and traders on how to ensure high quality produce that is acceptable to consumers.15. It is recommended that specific governmental policies be formulated to support the creation of appropriate inspection infrastructure. The functions of the existing phytosanitary inspection services can be extended to cover commercial quality checks. However, professional independence of commercial quality inspectors should be ensured.16. Information on inspection checks should be accumulated in a database and used for risk analyses. Inspections should be focused on products and consignments with the highest risk for non-conformity and where control therefore is most required. It is recommended that inspection services also use this information for training producers and traders.-----Annex IIRecommendations on establishing a legal basis for marketing standards and a technical infrastructure for quality inspection of fresh fruit and vegetables(International workshop for CIS countries: "The use of agricultural quality standards in technical regulations and the application of standards in international trade", Anapa, Russian Federation, 4-7 October 2010)^ I. Establishing a legal basis1. The use of internationally agreed commercial quality standards in CIS countries would facilitate a uniform interpretation of commercial quality of fresh fruit and vegetables, would prevent technical barriers to trade and would effectively protect the markets from bad quality produce.2. Mandatory application of standards guarantees that the products sold on the market are safe and of good quality.3. Countries are recommended to use the existing internationally agreed standards for fresh fruit and vegetables. These standards define minimum quality requirements. Products meeting these requirements can circulate on internal and enter export markets.4. A legal basis and an inspection service are needed to ensure the application of standards in practice. A technical infrastructure for quality control could be created on the basis of the EurasEC technical regulation “On safety of agricultural produce” to be developed under the EurasEC programme of work on technical regulations.5. To avoid technical barriers to trade and to create favourable conditions for export of agricultural products, the requirements of the EurasEC regulation “On safety of agricultural products” should be harmonized to the maximum extent possible with the international norms and rules.6. It is recommended to use the following EU regulations as guidelines for drawing up the new EurasEC regulation:Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 establishing a common organisation of agricultural markets, andCommission Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007 laying down implementing rules of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 in the fruit and vegetable sector.Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 provides a general legal framework, which is not supposed to be often changed. The rules of implementation of the general framework, laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007, constitute a much more flexible piece of legislation incorporating the standards and procedures for updating them. The texts of these regulations are attached to the present recommendations.7. It is recommended to countries to communicate information about the commercial quality standards for fresh fruit and vegetables to small agricultural enterprises, farmers and traders.8. To effectively implement the standards, it is recommended that Governments provide users with standards and associated explanatory material free of charge.9. Dissemination of information on standards and their active promotion at the national level, particularly among small agricultural producers, is of particular importance for their implementation.10. It is recommended that countries participate actively in the work of the international standard-setting organizations. That would allow countries to influence the content of standards to reflect the national specificity in production and consumption of different products.11. International meetings and workshops help to build networks of contacts that facilitate exchange of experience and information on the interpretation and practical application of standards.12. To ensure the implementation of standards, it is necessary to set up a legal basis and an inspection service.^ II. Inspection of the quality of agricultural produce13. The effectiveness of the application of commercial quality standards depends on the possibility of checking the conformity of products with the standards’ requirements.14. It is recommended that countries legally support the creation of an infrastructure designated to carry out conformity checks.15. Bearing in mind the international experience of setting up such an infrastructure, the functions of checking conformity could be assigned to trade inspections.16. Information on inspection checks should be used to analyse risks and to assess the reliability of suppliers.17. An important task of inspection services is to advise and train growers and traders on how to ensure high quality produce.18. The effectiveness of quality control depends on the availability of trained inspectors.19. It is recommended to organize regular training of inspectors in CIS countries drawing on the experience of the EU and other countries with developed inspection services.20. UNECE is asked to continue holding training workshops for CIS countries and to provide technical assistance to these countries in developing a legal basis for the implementation of commercial quality standards, in setting up inspection services and in training inspectors.Annex^ I. Establishing a legal basisThe following provisions from (EC) No 1234/2007 and (EC) No 1580/2007 may be used for drafting national legislation.General framework legislation on marketing standards (Based on Article 113 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007)1. Provision may be made by the National Authority for marketing standards for one or more of the products of the following sectors: fruit and vegetables ...→ Gives the National Authority the right to decide, whether to have standards for fruits and vegetables, and for which products2. The products of the fruit and vegetables sector which are intended to be sold fresh to the consumer, may only be marketed if they are sound, fair and of marketable quality and if the country of origin is indicated.→ Sets out minimum quality requirements for all fruit and vegetables sold; constitutes the legal basis for a set of product-specific marketing standards and general marketing standard3. The standards referred to in paragraph 1:(a) shall be established taking into account: the specificities of the products concerned the need to ensure the conditions for a smooth disposal of those products on the market the interest of consumers to receive adequate and transparent product information including the country of origin, the class and, where appropriate, the variety (or the commercial type) of the product → Marking requirements are specified the standards adopted by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) → ^ Obliges to take account of UNECE standards(b) may in particular relate to quality, grading into classes, weight, sizing, packaging, wrapping, storage, transport, presentation, marketing, origin and labelling.→ Sets out the content of standards4. The products for which marketing standards have been laid down may be marketed only in accordance with such standards.→ ^ Makes the use of standards compulsoryThe Designated Authority (DA) shall check whether those products conform to those standards and shall apply penalties as appropriate.→ Obliges the DA to check conformity5. The marketing standards referred to in paragraph 1 shall apply at all marketing stages including import and export unless otherwise provided for by the DA.→ ^ Requires that standards be applied everywhere, from producer/packer to shop, and at import and export6. The holder of products covered by marketing standards may not display such products or offer them for sale or deliver or market them in any manner other than in conformity with those standards and shall be responsible for ensuring such conformity.→ ^ Makes the holder responsible for conformity7. The DA shall check selectively, based on a risk analysis, whether the products concerned conform to the respective marketing standards. These checks shall be focused on the stage prior to dispatch from the production areas when the products are being packed or loaded. For imported products, checks shall be done prior to release for free circulation.→ ^ Checks shall be carried out on the basis of risk analysis and as early in the distribution chain as possibleImplementation of the general framework legislation (Based on Articles 2a to 20 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007)A. Marketing standards; holders8. The requirements of paragraph 4 above shall be referred to as the general marketing standard. The details of the general marketing standard are set out in Part A of Annex I.→ ^ The general requirements are defined in more detail by the general marketing standard9. Fruit and vegetables not covered by a specific marketing standard shall conform to the general marketing standard. However, where the holder is able to show they are in conformity with any applicable standards adopted by UNECE, the product shall be considered as conforming to the general marketing standard.→ ^ Gives the holder the right to apply the relevant product-specific UNECE standard instead of the general marketing standard10. The specific marketing standards referred to in paragraph 9 are set out in Part B of Annex I as regards the following products: (a) apples (b) citrus fruit (c) kiwifruit (d) lettuces, curled leaved and broad-leaved endives (e) peaches and nectarines (f) pears (g) strawberries (h) sweet peppers (i) table grapes (j) tomatoes.→ ^ States which 10 products are covered by product-specific marketing standards11. For the purposes of paragraph 6, a holder shall be any natural or legal person physically in possession of the products concerned.→ Defines a “holder” as a physical or a legal personB. Exceptions and exemptions from the application of marketing standards12. The following shall not be required to conform to the marketing standards:→ ^ Exemptions from the list of products that need to conform to the marketing standards(a) products for industrial processing and animal feed, or other non-food use, provided they are clearly marked as “intended for processing” or “for animal feed”; (b) products transferred by the producer on his holding to consumers for their personal use; (c) products of a given region which are sold by the retail trade of the region for well established traditional local consumption;→ ^ Products sold locally (authorized by the DA) (d) products having undergone a trimming or cutting making them “ready to eat” or “kitchen ready”; (e) products sold or delivered by the grower to preparation and packaging stations or storage facilities; (f) products presented for retail sale to consumers for their personal use and labelled “product intended for processing”;13. By way of derogation from paragraph 6, fresh fruit and vegetables not in Extra Class, at stages following dispatch, may show a slight lack of freshness and turgidity and slight deterioration due to their development and their tendency to perish.14. The following products shall not be required to conform to the general marketing standard: (a) capers of CN code 0709 90 40 (b) saffron of CN code 0910 20 ...C. Information particulars15. The information shall be shown legibly and obviously on one side of the packaging, either indelibly printed directly onto the package or on a label which is an integral part of the package or affixed to it.→ ^ Labelling should be legible, indelible and shown obviously on the package16. For goods shipped in bulk and loaded directly onto a means of transport, the information particulars shall be given in a document accompanying the goods or shown on a notice placed in an obvious position inside the means of transport.→ ^ For goods in bulk the information should be given in an accompanying document17. In the case of distance contracts, conformity with the marketing standards shall require that the information particulars shall be available before the purchase is concluded.→ ^ For distance contracts (i.e. Internet sales) the information should be available before the purchase18. Invoices and accompanying documents shall indicate the name and the country of origin of the products and, where appropriate, the class, the variety or commercial type if required in a specific marketing standard, or the fact that it is intended for processing.→ ^ States which information is required on accompanying documentsD. Information particulars at the retail stage19. Products may be presented for sale provided the retailer displays prominently, adjacent to and legibly the information particulars relating to country of origin and, where appropriate, class and variety or commercial type in such a way as not to mislead the consumer.→ The retailer must display prominently, adjacent to, and legibly information on country of origin, and where appropriate, class, variety or commercial type, or if the products are intended for processing20. For pre-packaged products (Directive 2000/13/EC), the net weight shall be indicated, in addition to all the information provided for in the marketing standards.E. Mixes21. The marketing of packages of a net weight of 5 kg or less containing mixes of different types of fruit and vegetables shall be allowed, provided that: (a) the products are of uniform quality and each product concerned complies with the relevant specific marketing standard or, where no specific marketing standard exists for a particular product, the general marketing standard (b) the package is appropriately labelled (c) the mix is not such as to mislead the consumer.^ F. Checks on conformity to marketing standards22. The conformity checks shall be carried out on fruit and vegetables at all marketing stages in order to verify that they conform to the marketing standards.→ States that the scope is fruit and vegetables at all marketing stagesG. Competent bodies23. The government shall designate a single competent authority responsible for coordination and contacts (“the coordinating authority”) and an inspection body or bodies (DA) responsible for the application of paragraph 7 (“the inspection bodies”). The coordinating authorities and inspection bodies may be public or private. However the State shall be responsible for them in either case.^ H. Trader database24. The DA shall set up a database on traders in fruit and vegetables, which shall list traders involved in the marketing of fresh fruit and vegetables for which standards have been laid down.25. “Trader” means any natural or legal person holding fruit and vegetables subject to marketing standards with a view to displaying or offering them for sale, selling them or marketing them in any other manner.26. The coordinating authority shall be responsible for updating the database. The updating shall be done in particular using the information collected during conformity checks.27. This database shall contain, for each trader, the registration number, name, address, information needed for its classification in one of the risk categories, in particular, position in the marketing chain, information concerning the importance of the firm, information concerning findings made during previous checks of each trader, as well as any other information considered necessary for checks such as information concerning the existence of a quality assurance system or self-check system related to the conformity to the marketing standards.28. Traders shall provide the information that the DA considers necessary to set up and update the database.^ I. Conformity checks29. The DA shall ensure that conformity checks are carried out selectively, based on a risk analysis, and with appropriate frequency, so as to ensure appropriate compliance with the marketing standards.30. The criteria to assess the risk shall include the existence of a conformity certificate referred to in paragraph 40 issued by a competent authority of a third country. The existence of such certificate shall be considered as a factor reducing the risk of non-conformity.31. The criteria to assess the risk may also include: (a) the nature of the product, the period of production, the price of the product, the weather, the packing and handling operations, the storage conditions, the country of origin, the means of transport or the volume of the lot; (b) the size of the traders, their position in the marketing chain, the volume or value marketed by them, their product range, the delivery area or the type of business carried out such as storage, sorting, packing or sale; (c) findings made during previous checks including the number and type of defects found, the usual quality of products marketed, the level of technical equipment used; (d) the reliability of traders quality assurance systems or self-checking systems related to the conformity to marketing standards; (e) the place where the check is carried out in particular if it is the point of first entry into the Community, or the place where the products are being packed or loaded; (f) any other information that might indicate a risk of non-compliance.31. The risk analysis shall be based on the information contained in the traders' database referred to in paragraph 27 and shall classify traders in risk categories.32. The DA shall lay down in advance the criteria for assessing the risk of non-conformity of lots and the minimum proportions of traders or lots and/or quantities which will be subject to a conformity check.33. Where checks reveal significant irregularities, Member States shall increase the frequency of checks in relation to traders, products, origins, or other parameters.34. Traders shall provide inspection bodies with all the information those bodies judge necessary for organising and carrying out conformity checks.J. Approved traders35. The DA may authorise traders classified in the lowest risk category and providing special guarantees on conformity to marketing standards to sign the conformity certificate. The authorisation shall be granted for a period of at least one year.36. Traders benefiting from this possibility shall: (a) have inspection staff who have received training approved by the DA; (b) have suitable equipment for preparing and packing produce; (c) commit themselves to carry out a conformity check on the goods they dispatch and have a register recording all checks carried out.37. Where an authorised trader no longer complies with the requirements for authorisation the DA shall withdraw the authorisation.^ K. Acceptance of declarations by customs38. Customs may only authorize export and/or import of the products subject to specific marketing standards if: (a) the goods are accompanied by a conformity certificate, or (b) the competent inspection body has informed the customs authority that the lots concerned have been issued a conformity certificate, or (c) the competent inspection body has informed the customs authority that it has not issued a conformity certificate for the lots concerned because they do not needed to be checked in the light of the risk assessment.39. Paragraph 38 also applies to products subject to the general marketing standard set out in Annex I.L. Conformity certificates40. Certificates are issued by a competent authority to confirm that the products concerned conform to the relevant marketing standard. The certificate for use by the national competent authorities is set out in Annex II.41. The approved third countries may use instead their own certificate provided the DA considers that it contains at least equivalent information to the national certificate.42. These certificates may be issued either in paper format with original signature or in verified electronic format with electronic signature.M. Approval of checking operations performed by third countries43. At the request of a third country, the DA may approve checks on conformity to specific marketing standards performed by this third country prior to import into the national territory.44. The approval may be granted to third countries which so request and on whose territory the marketing standards are met for products exported to the country of destination.45. The approval shall specify the official authority in the third country under the responsibility of which checking operations are performed. The approval also specifies the inspection bodies in charge of the proper checks (“third country inspection bodies”).46. The approval may only apply to products originating in the third country concerned and may be limited to certain products.47. The third country inspection bodies shall be official bodies providing satisfactory guarantees and disposing of the necessary personnel, equipment and facilities to carry out checks according to the methods referred to in paragraph 49 or equivalent methods.48. The DA may suspend approval if it is found that, in a significant number of lots and/or quantities, the goods do not correspond to the information in the certificates of conformity issued by the third country inspection bodies.N. Method of inspection49. The conformity checks shall be carried out in accordance with the methods laid down in Annex III.50. Where inspectors find that the goods conform to the marketing standards, the inspection body issues a conformity certificate.51. Where the goods do not conform to the standards, the inspection body shall issue a finding of non-conformity for the attention of the trader. These goods may not be moved without the authorisation of the inspection body.52. Traders may decide to bring all or some of the goods into conformity. Goods brought into conformity may not be marketed before the competent inspection body has ensured that the goods have actually been brought into conformity.53. Where the goods can neither be brought into conformity nor sent to animal feed, industrial processing or any other non-food use, the inspection body may request traders to take adequate measures in order to ensure that the products concerned are not marketed.O. Communications54. The country on whose territory a consignment from another country is found not to conform to the marketing standards shall notify forthwith the country concerned.Annex I (to Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007)Part A. General Marketing standard1. Minimum quality requirementsSubject to the tolerances allowed, the products shall be: intact, sound; products affected by rotting or deterioration such as to make them unfit for consumption are excluded, clean, practically free of any visible foreign matter, practically free from pests, practically free from damage caused by pests affecting the flesh, free of abnormal external moisture, free of any foreign smell and/or taste.The condition of the products must be such as to enable them: to withstand transport and handling, to arrive in satisfactory condition at the place of destination.2. Minimum maturity requirementsThe products must be sufficiently developed and display satisfactory ripeness.The development and state of maturity of the products must be such as to enable them to continue their ripening process and to reach a satisfactory degree of ripeness.3. ToleranceA tolerance of 10 % by number or weight of product not satisfying the minimum quality requirements shall be permitted in each lot. This tolerance shall not however cover product affected by rotting or any other deterioration rendering it unfit for consumption.4. Marking of origin of produce Full name of the country of origin. ^ Part B. Specific marketing standardsFull texts of the 10 product-specific standards. These texts are basically the texts of the corresponding UNECE standards.Annex II (to Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007)Conformity certificateConformity certificate is available on: www.unece.org/trade/agr/meetings/wp.07/document/2006_17.pdf^ Annex III (to Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007)Methods of inspectionThese methods are based on the provisions of the guide for the implementation of quality control of fresh fruit and vegetables adopted by the OECD Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables. The guide is available on: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/32/47/19515719.pdf^ II. Practical steps to set up an inspection serviceThe following steps are recommended to set up a system for practical application of standards and for quality inspection of fresh fruit and vegetables.1. Decide at what stages of commercialisation (import, export, wholesale, retail, street markets, farm sales, production cooperatives and other producers) the standards shall be applied on a compulsory basis. As a first stage, import and export could be sufficient.2. Decide on the products with regard to which the standards shall be enforced. This decision can be taken on the basis of the products’ production value, export value or total trade value (including imports).3. Incorporate into national legislation: the UNECE standards for selected products, methods of inspection, measures at non-conformity, sanctions (if foreseen), the authority’s right to access premises and documentation of trading agents.4. Establish an inspection service. a. Decide on control areas and the territorial distribution of offices, bearing in mind that trucks transporting goods must have easy access to the facilities where checks are carried out. b. Decide on the number of required staff and on their professional qualifications c. Select, hire and train the staff d. Acquire equipment i. General equipment Cars, computers, communication equipment etc. ii. Inspection equipment Sizing rings Knives Scales Penetrometers Refractometers Titration equipment Squeezers (for juice extraction) Oven or microwave Colour charts Explanatory material e. Produce documentation and supporting material Manuals with Inspection procedures Relevant standards Check lists Control forms Risk analysis procedures Plans of activities Database with registered companies Certificate of conformity Report on non-conformities5. Decide on cooperation routines If different bodies are assigned to carry out control at different stages of distribution, a coordinating authority should be designated Routines for import and export control should be set up together with the customs authorities Establish contacts and agree on cooperation with inspection services in partner countries Establish procedures to follow up on received complaints from other countries’ inspection services.6. Provide information support to industry and establish regular communication with traders, producers and consumers. Produce and distribute information material on The requirement to register companies Responsibilities of the holder of goods Contact points Relevant standards Marking requirements Sampling methods Inspection procedures Recommended procedures in case of non-conformity findings Hold information meetings for decision-makers in the industry Organize training courses for producers’ and traders’ own quality controllers.7. Establish a contact point for legal service.Important points for an effective functioning of the quality inspection system:1. Ensure continuous communication with: all partners inside the country, including regular meetings with producers and traders inspection bodies in other countries other countries’ colleagues through international meetings. Participation in international meetings is recommended in order to be involved in standard-setting and interpretation. Thereby the specifics of any country can be taken into account, and standards and interpretation can be made suitable for all countries.2. Provide regular training for inspectors: Basic training for new inspectors Advanced training to ensure harmonisation within the national service and with inspection services in other countries3. Establish a system to register and evaluate inspection results, using a database. The system should be used as a basis for risk analysis to decide on inspection priorities with regard to traders, countries of origin, products, seasonal quality variations, etc. The evaluation of inspection results should point at the potentially non-conform consignments subject for stricter inspection. Information in the database should also be helpful in assuring a harmonized application of standards as well as in moving staff across regional offices depending, for example, on seasonal needs. 1 Downloadable from the UNECE website at: www.unece.org/trade/agr