Уильям Шекспир (англ)

Uiliyam SHekspir (1564-1616) english playwright, poet; there was actor of the royal troupe. The Poems Venus and Adonis (1593) on mythological plot, Lukreciya (1594) from roman history. SHekspirovskiy canon (undoubtedly belonging to him plays) includes 37 драм. The Early plays SHekspira are penetrated life beginning: comedies Taming obstinate (1593), Dream in year night (1596),

Much noises from nothing (1598). The Tragedy about любви and faithfulness price to lifes Romeo and Dzhulietta (1595). In history chronically ill person ( Richard III , 1593; Genrih IV , 1597-98), tragedy ( Hamlet , 1601; Otello , 1604; King of the Liras , 1605; Makbet , 1606), in roman tragedy (political Julia Cezari ,

1599; Antoniy and Kleopatra , 1607; Koriolan , 1607), lyric poet-philosophical Sonnet (1592-1600, are published in 1609) moral, public and political conflicts of the epoch have comprehended as eternal, incurable, as laws world, under which high human value good, value, honour, fairness are inevitably perverted and tolerate the tragic defeat. Uiliyam SHekspir created bright, made by powerful will and strong passion natures, capable as to heroic

противоборству with fate and circumstance, self-sacrifice, sufferings to responsibility for discord of the world ( disintegrated relationship of the timeses ), so and ready to break moral law and perish for the sake of всепоглощающей their ideas or passions (честолюбия, the authorities, любви). The Quest of the optimistic decision conflict has brought about creation romantic Winter fairy tale (1611), Storm (1612). The Tragedies

SHekspira the most great sample tragic in world literature. Beside. SHekspir was born the April 23 1564, Stratford-he-Eyvon. Deceased the April 23 1616, in that place. The Sign of the zodiac - a Taurus. Stratford. Departure in London Uiliyam was born in family merchant and venerable townsman

John SHekspira. The Ancestor SHekspira хлебопашеством concerned with during several ages in vicinity Stratford. 1568-69 years of the most prosperity to families, for which has followed the slow ravaging. Beside 1580 Uiliyamu happened to to throw the school, which in Stratford was washed, and begin to work. Expect that, having left school, Uiliyam SHekspir some time as apprentices helped the father.

At November 1582 Uiliyam married N-th Heteuey. Possible, marriage was compelled: their first child was born at May of the following year daughter Siyuzen. At February 1585 on light appeared son Gamneta and daughter Dzhudit. In the second half 1580-h gg. SHekspir leaves Stratford. Approach so named lost or dark years , about which nothing unknown.

On border 1590-h gg. Uiliyam SHekspir arrives in London. In these years was created his(its) first play chronicle Genrih VI . Made it is enough observable figure, SHekspir immediately was awarded the jealous riposte on the part of one of reigned then on scene playwright groups university wits Roberta Grina, named his(its) scene (play on surnames

Shakespeare: Shake-speare that is to say spears ) and crow, which рядится in our feather (modified quoting from Genriha VI). Such were first ed review. Appearance of the new playwright In 1592-94 london theatres are closed because of epidemic of plague. During unwitting pause U. SHekspir creates several plays: chronically ill person Richard III , Comedy mistake and Taming obstinate , its first tragedy (else self-possessed in бытовавшем

stiletto blood tragedy ) Tit Andronik , as well as publishes for the first time under its name of the poem Venus and Adonis and Lukreciya . In 1594 after opening theatre SHekspir joins to new composition of the troupe of the lord-chamberlain, been identified so on job titles of her(its) protector Hansdona. With scene сошли (have died or ceased to write for theatre) university wits . Begins the epoch SHekspira. Here is that wrote one of his(its) contemporary

F. Merez in 1597: Like that, as Plavt and Seneca were considered beside римлян best on a part of the comedies and tragedies, so Uiliyam SHekspir beside англичан in both type of the plays, intended for scene Creative взлет. Globe In 1590-h gg. (the period, which is accepted to consider first in шекспировском creative activity) SHekspir creates all their own main chronically ill persons as well as majority comedy. In 1595-96 is written tragedy Romeo and Dzhulietta , subsequent to her

Venetian merchant first comedy, which will subsequently name serious . The Autumn 1599 are opened theatre Globe . On entry крылатые word: Whole world theatre ( Totus mundis agit histrionem ). SHekspir one of his(its) co-owner, actor of the troupe and main playwright. Per annum openings Globe he writes the roman tragedy

Julia Cezari and comedy As you this likes , which development melancholic nature open the way to created by year later Hamlet . The period great tragedy begins With his(its) appearance (1601-1606). To he belong to Otello (1604), King of the Liras (1605), Makbet (1606). The Tone comedy now посерьезнел, but sometimes becomes and completely gloomy in such product, as

Troil and Kressida (1601-1602), All well that well ends (1603-1603), Measure for measure (1604). Unexpected departure in Stratford the March 28 1603 dies the queen Elizaveta. The English throne goes to YAkovu I, son executed Marie Styuart, inherited corona to Scotlands. The New king signs the patent, on which takes the most

high protection troupe actor of the lord-chamberlain under its. Hereafter they will be referred to as servant his(its) majesty king . The last period шекспировского creative activity begins After 1606, terminated in 1613 his(its) departures in native Stratford. The tragedies In this time on antique plots (

Antoniy and Kleopatra , Koriolan , Timon Athenian , 1607-08). For they have followed late romantic of play, in count;calculate;list which Winter fairy tale and Storm (1610-12). The Reason of the unexpected cessation so ingenious quarries of the playwright and departure from capital was, on the whole visibility, disease. At March 1616 Uiliyam Shakespeare forms and signs the testament, which will subsequently cause so much

perplexities about his(its) personalities, authorship and will become the cause to that that will name question . It Is Accepted to consider that Shakespeare moderate;temper in the same day, as was born April 23. Two days has after followed the burial in altar церкви Saint Whitsunday on fringe Stratford, in metric book which about this and was made record. At lifes Uiliyama SHekspira his(its) product were not collected.

Apart haved something published the poems, collection sonnet. The Plays originally came up for so named pirate publishing with spoiled text, for which in the manner of disclaimers to follow, as a rule, publishing, prepared by author. The name carry On format of these publishing кварто (quarto). After death SHekspira effort his(its) friends-actor

Heminga and Kondella was prepared first full publishing of his(its) compositions, including 36 plays, so named First Folio (The First Folio). Eighteen of them earlier in general not to haved something published. Chronically ill persons SHekspir began with chronically ill person plays about event of the national history, which law is marked by him word Time. The Main шекспировские chronically ill persons form two cycles on four plays (тетралогии).

The First Genrih VI (three parts) and Richard III . The Second Richard II (1595), Genrih IV (two parts; 1596-1598) and Genrih V (1599). In the first тетралогии from chaos of the strife is a strong history personality, striving subordinate itself Fate and Time, Richard III. Power is capable to provide the throne, but not capable to hold him(it) if breaks the

laws to moralities and transforms the history in political show. The Subject second formation national state. The Chronicle Genrih IV повествует about seizure authorities Genrihom IV, progenitor to dynasties Lancaster, and about adolescence of the future ideal king Genriha V. Under beginning сэра John Falistafa in pub and on big road passes the school to lifes prince

Genrih. The Prince culls power beside the land, beside the whole that flesh-colored and materially and that personifies Falistaf, buffoon of Time. Under laughter Falistafa with scene descends the Muddle ages with his(its) chivalrous вольницей, personified in image Harry Gotspera, adversary of the prince. Its ideal monarch SHekspir considers necessary to conduct through public смеховой background.

However in play-off, when prince is coronated, Falistaf is exiled, ибо not on law of the nature exists the state order. In their contradiction source шекспировского tragedy. Comedies The Comedy SHekspira was not satirical and this sharply differed from the whole following development of the genre. Her(its) laughter goes from sensation of the fullness to lifes, her(its) power, beauties, variability. There is its great subject

Beside шекспировской of the comedies Nature. She has its loved hero buffoon, feasible knowledge to lifes not which she seems, but as she there is. All are an early comedies SHekspira can be determined on name first of them Comedy mistake . However source and tradition comic in they vary. If base Comedies mistake were a sample antique, roman comedy, that comedy

Taming obstinate (1594) points to relationship laughter with public carnival. Stroptivicu, turns out to be, not so uzh in a complicated way to tame if all deal not in her(its) nature, strong, deprived to pettiness, but therefore on check where more obstinate, than beside many other heroin, but in that that does not yet нашелся the tamer. The Bridegrooms Biyanki? Their impossible present near by

Katarinoy. Appeared Petruchcho, and all became on their own place. All in this comedies is given with карнавальным преизбытком: and initial строптивость wife, and as corrective for it facility tyranny husband, and, finally, moral under curtain. Without correction for карнавальность it is impossible perceive neither re-educations to heroines, nor edigying speech, pronounced her as lesson other строптивицам.

The Comedy Dream in year night (1595-96) повествует about прихотливости amorous feeling, about his(its) right, confirmed miraculously natures, which here is given material form to by magic world wood, where shift to the right Oberon, Titaniya, elfs. Dream in year night one of the most light, music, graceful comedy SHekspira. Seems, she and appeared in the same way easy, on united inspired breathing. Possible, so and was. But then strikes other ability

SHekspira reduce воедино the most varied of a plot material and on his(its) base to create absolutely new product. The Remediable mistakes, misunderstandings, неузнавания is the basis of conflict early comedy. But gradually attitude SHekspira to light unpretentious vicissitudes is changed. In late comedy, appeared on border and at the beginning initially new century (their name serious, dramatic, problem-solving) accumulating change become obvious.

Accustomed beating name one of them ( All well that well ends , 1602-1603), speak that now beside SHekspira not all well that well ends. The Lucky end implied by genre to comedies, ceases to convince in that that harmony is restored, ибо now неслучайны breaches harmonic миропорядка. The Conflict fell into natures, circumstance. The Discord became the integral devil of the world, in which live the hero.

Sonnets The most probable time of the creation sonnet 1593-1600. Single occuring during the lifetime publishing left In 1609 with initiation, which and on сей day continues to remain one of the шекспировских a riddle. It was addressed mysterious W. H.: that this beautiful youth , friend, to which is pointed majority sonnet (1-126 from the total number 154)? The most certain thematic cycle first seventeen sonnets present

in шекспировском collection. Beside them one subject: wish of the beautiful young person to continue itself in posterity, not to forget, how short-lived terrestrial life and terrestrial beauty. This is an своеобразное introduction to book, which could be written on order and, possible, before that else, what the personal attitude of the poet to friend appeared, feasible delight and sincere любви. The Poet for ever saves the distance, that required for his(its) feeling, close to worship, that dictated

social difference if take the version that addressee sonnet was a young aristocrat (the earl Sautgempton or earl Pembruk?). The Love presents the poetries an inspiration, but from she gets eternity. About power of the poetries, capable to win Time, is spoken in sonnet 15, 18, 19, 55, 60, 63, 81, 101. Lyubvi poet сопутствует the nerve-racking feeling from that that friend changeable in its inclinations. This concerns and his(its) poetical passion. Appears the poet-adversary (the sonnets 76, 78, 79, 80, 82-86).

The Second part of collection (127-154) is dedicated to Dark lady. The Changed type of the beauty sounds call to traditions, rising to celestial любви F. Petrarki, are opposed to his(its) angelic-blond bottom. SHekspir emphasizes that, refusing stamps петраркизма, his(its) sweetie steps on the land (the translation S. Marshaka; the sonnet 130). Though love and воспета

SHekspirom as firm in its value (the sonnet 116), come off небес to the land, she open whole imperfection of the world, his(its) suffering, which ready to take over (the sonnet 66).