Особенности работы с антонимами в школе

Plan INTRODUCTION 3 THE AIMS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING 4 THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING VOCABULARY 5 HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY IN SCHOOL 7 IVING EFFACTIVE EXPLANATIONS 9 WHAT IS ANTONYMY 10 WORDS THAT ARE THEIITES 12 HOW TO TEACH ANTONYMS 13

ANTONYM QUESTIONS TEST KNOWLEDGE OF VOCABULARY 14 ILDREN 16 IVITIES 16 INVOLVING ANTONYMS 17 ANTONYMS QUIZ 19 MATCHED PAIRS. 20 ILDRENS UNDRESTANDING OF E MEANINGS 21 CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 23 CONCLUSION 24

THE LIST OF LITERATURE INTRODUCTION It is generally known that school leavers vocabulary is poor. They have troubles with hearing, speaking, reading and writing. One of the reasons is poor teaching of vocabulary. At all stages of teaching vocabulary the teacher should constantly use all kinds of vocabulary testing to see how his pupils assimilate the form, the meaning, and the usage of the words.

For testing the retention if the written form dictations may be suggested. For testing the meaning special tests may be recommended such as writing synonyms, antonyms, derivatives, identification, and some others. For testing the usage of the words the teacher may administer such tests as composing sentences using the words given, composing a story on a picture or a set of pictures, and some others. The teacher should bear in mind that most of the exercises offered for the stages

of presentation and retention may be fruitfully utilized for vocabulary testing. Learning may take place without conscious teaching, but teaching is intended to result in personal learning for students, and is worthless if it does not do so. In other words, the concept of teaching is understood as a process that is intrinsically and inseparably bound up with learning. There is no separate discussion of language learning instead, both content and

process of the various modules consistently require the teacher to study learners problems, needs and strategies as a necessary basis for the formulation of effective teaching practice and theory. It is necessary to distinguish between teaching and methodology. Foreign language teaching methodology can be defined as the activities, tasks and learning experiences used by the teacher within the language teaching and learning process .

Any particular methodology usually has a theoretical underpinning that should cause coherence and consistency in the choice of teaching procedures. Foreign language teaching , on the other hand, though it naturally includes methodology, has further important components such as lesson planning, classroom discipline, the provision of interest topics. THE AIMS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING The aims of foreign language teaching are threefold practical, educational and cultural.

Its practical aims are consequent on the basic function of language, which is, to serve as a means of communication. International intercourse is realized directly, through the spoken language, or indirectly, trough the written language, that is through printed, or hand-or type-written, texts. Therefore the school programmes set forth the following practical requirements the instruction must be such as ensure that the graduates can observe on the foreign language on simple every day subjects,

using the speech material dealt with in the course, cab read and understand without a dictionary an easy text in the foreign language, and with the occasional help of a dictionary a text presenting moderate difficulties, and can express in written form simple thoughts write a short letter. The educational aims of foreign language teaching in schools consist in inculculating in the children through instruction in the foreign language the principles of morality.

The cultural aims mentioned on school programme of foreign languages imply the following tasks widening the pupils general outlook, developing their powers abstract thinking, cultivating their sense of beauty and their appreciation of art. The reading of English texts acquainting the pupils with the life and culture of the English-speaking nations, and with their manner and customs, will contribute to the mental growth of the pupils. Later the ability of reading

English and American authors in the original and texts in the English language reflecting the culture of the countries where that language is spoken will likewise serve the pupils as a mean of attaining a higher general education level. Reading good authors in the foreign language will develop in the children a feeling of beauty. A widening of their philological outlook will result from the unconscious and conscious comparison

of the foreign with the native language. THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING VOCABULARY To know a language means to master its structure and words. Thus, vocabulary is one of the aspects of the language to be taught at school. The problem is what words and idioms pupils should retain. It is evident that the number of words should be limited because pupils have only 2-4 periods a week

the size of the group is not small enough to provide each pupil with practice in speaking schools are not fully equipped with special laboratories for individual language learning. The number of words pupil should acquire in school depends wholly on the syllabus requirement. The latter are determined by the conditions and methods used. For example, experiments have proved that the use of programmed instructions for vocabulary learning

allows us to increase the number of words to be learned since pupils are able to assimilate them while working independently with the program. The vocabulary, therefore, must be carefully selected in accordance with the principle of selecting linguistic material, the conditions of teaching and learning a foreign language in school. Scientific principles of selecting vocabulary have been worked out. The words selected should be 1. frequently used in the language 2. easily combined nice room, nice

girl, nice weather 3. unlimited from the point of view of style oral, written 4. included in the topics the syllabus sets 5. valuable from the point of view of word-building use, used, useful, useless, usefully, user, usage. The first principle, word frequency, is an example of purely linguistic approach to word selection. It is claimed to be the soundest criterion because it is completely objective. It is derived by counting the number of occurrences of words appearing in representative printed material

comprising novels, essays, plays, newspapers, textbooks and magazines. Modern tendency is to apply this principles depending on the language activities to be developed. For developing reading skills pupils need reading vocabulary, thus various printed texts are analyzed from the point of view of word frequency. For developing speaking skills pupils need speaking vocabulary. In this case the material for analysis is the spoken language recorded.

The occurrences of words are counted in it and the words more frequently used in speaking are selected. The other principles are of didactic value, they serve teaching aims. The words selected may be grouped under the following two classes M. West 1. Words that we talk with or form structural words which make up the form structure of the language. 2. Words that we talk about or content words.

In teaching vocabulary for practical needs both structural words and content words are of great importance. That is why they are included in the vocabulary minimum. The number of words and phraseological units the syllabus sets for a pupil to assimilate is 800 words. The selection of the vocabulary although important is not the teacher s chief concern. It is only the what of teaching and is usually prescribed for him by textbooks and study - guides he

uses. The teacher s concern is how to get his pupils to assimilate the vocabulary prescribed. This is a difficult problem and it is still in the process of being solved. The teacher should bear in mind that a word is considered to be learned when 1. it is spontaneously recognized while auding and reading 2. it is correctly used in speech, the right word in the right place. HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY IN SCHOOL The process of learning a word means to the pupil 1. identification

of concepts, that is learning what the word means 2. pupil s activity for the purpose of retaining the word 3.pupil s activity in using this word in the process of communication in different situations. Accordingly, the teacher s role in this process is 1. to furnish the explanation, that is to present the word, to get his pupils to identify the concept correctly 2. to get them to recall or recognize the word by means of different exercises 3. to stimulate pupils to use the words in speech.

Teaching and learning words are carried on through methods you are familiar with the teacher organizes learning and pupils are involved in the very process of learning, that is in the acquisition of information about a new word, its form, meaning and usage in drill and transformation to form lexical habits in making use of the lexical habits in hearing, speaking and reading, or in language skills. Various techniques are used to attain the goal- to fix the words in pupils memory ready to be used

whenever they need them See Общая методика обучения иностранным языкам в средней школе. М 1967. Presentation of new words. Since every word has its form, meaning and usage to present a word means to introduce to pupils its forms phonetic, graphic, structural and grammatical and to explain its meaning and usage. The techniques of teaching pupils the punctuation and spelling of a word are as follows 1. pure orcoscious imitation 2. analogy 3. transcription 4. rules of reading.

Since a word consists of sounds if heard or spoken and letters if read or written the teacher shows the pupils how to pronounce, to read and write it. However the approach may vary depending on the task set the latter depends on the age of pupils, their progress in the language, the type of words, etc For example, if the teacher wants his pupils to learn the word orally first, he instructs them to recognize it when hearing and to articulate the word as

an isolated element a book and in a sentence pattern or sentence patterns alongside with other words. This is a book. Give me the book. Take the book. Put the book on the table As far as the form concerned the pupils have but two difficulties to overcome to lean how to pronounce the word both separately and in the speech and to recognize it in sentence patterns pronounced by the teacher, by his classmates, or by a speaker in case the tape- recorder is used.

If the teacher wants his pupils to learn the word during the same lesson not only for hearing and speaking but for reading and writing as well, he shows them how to write and read it after they perform oral exercises and can recognize and pronounce the word. The teacher writes down the word on the blackboard let it be spoon and invites some pupils to read it they already know all the letters and the rule of reading.

The pupils read the word and put it down in their notebooks. In this case the pupils have two more difficulties to overcome to learn how to write and to read the word the letter is connected with their ability to associate letters with sounds in a proper way. There are two ways of conveying the meaning of words direct way and translation. The direct way of presenting the words of a foreign language brings the learner into direct contact

with them, the mother tongue does not come in between, and it establishes links between a foreign word and the thing or the concept directly. The direct way of conveying the meaning of foreign words is usually used when the words denote things, objects, their qualities, sometimes gestures and movements, which can be shown to and seen by pupils, for example a book, a table, red, big, take, stand up, etc. The teacher should connect the English word he presents with the objects, the notion it denotes directly,

without the use of pupils mother tongue. The teacher uses various techniques for this purpose. It is possible to group them into 1 visual and 2 verbal. The first group involves the use of visual aids to convey the meaning of unfamiliar words. These may be besides, the teacher may use movements and gestures. E. g the teacher uses objects. He takes a pencil and looking at it says a pencil.

This is a pencil. What is this It is a pencil. Is it a pencil Yes, it is. Is it a pen No, it is not. Is it a pen or a pencil It is a pencil. The pupils do not only grasp the meaning of the word pencil, but they observe the use of the word in familiar sentence patterns. GUIDELINES ON GIVING EFFACTIVE EXPLANATIONS 1. Prepare You may feel perfectly clear in your own mind about what

needs clarifying, and therefore think that you can improvise a clear explanation. But experience shows that teachers explanations are often not as clear to their pupils as they are to themselves It is worth preparing thinking for a while about the words you will use, the illustrations you will provide, and so on possibly even writing these out. 2. Make sure you have the class s attention One of the implications of this when giving the instructions

for a group-working task is that it is advisable to give the instructions before you divide the class into groups or give out materials, not after 3. Present the information more than once A repetition of the necessary information may make all the difference learners attention wanders occasionally, and it is important to give them more than one chance to understand what they have to do. Also, it helps to represent the information in a different mode foe example, say it and also write

it up on the board. 4. Be brief Learners-in fact, all of us-have only a limited attention span they cannot listen to you for along time with maximum concentration. Make your explanation as brief as you can, compatible with clarity. In some situations it may also mean using the learners mother tongue, as a more accessible and cost-effective alternative to the sometimes lengthy and difficult target- language explanation.

5. Illustrate with examples You may explain, for instance, the meaning of a word, illustrating your explanation with examples of its use in various contexts, relating these as far as possible to the learners own lives and experiences. 6. Get feedback When you have finished explaining, check what they have understood. It is not just enough to ask Do you understand learners will sometimes say they did even if they did not, out of politeness or unwillingness to lose face, or because they think they know what they have

to do, but in fact completely misunderstood It is better to ask them to do something that will show their understanding to paraphrase in their own words, provide further illustration of their own. WHAT IS ANTONYMY Traditionally antonyms are defined as words that have opposite meaning. This definition is open to criticism. The latest linguistic investigations emphasize that antonyms are similar as words belonging to the same part of speech and the same semantic field, having the same

grammatical meaning and functions, as well as similar collocations. Like synonyms antonyms are interchangeable at least at some contexts hot in its figurative meaning angry, excited is chiefly combined with the names of unpleasant emotions hot resentment, hot scorn its antonym cold occurs with the same words. Unlike synonyms antonyms do not differ in style, or emotional colouring they express, as a rule, emotional characteristics of the same intensity.

So antonyms are two or more words belonging to the same pat of speech, contradictory or contrary in meaning, and interchangeable at least at some contexts. Almost every word can have one or more synonyms comparatively few have antonyms because not all notions can be opposed to one another. Antonyms are primarily found in adjectives, nouns expressing quality and state. It should be noted, that as words are polysemantic ones and the same words may have different

antonyms light bag-heavy bag light wind-strong wind light colors-dark colors. Generally we may divide antonyms into 2 groups absolute and derivational. Absolute antonyms are subdivided into antonyms proper where opposition is gradual cold cool-warm hot large-little or small, complementaries having a binary opposition dead-alive, single-married, conversives denoting one and the same referent from different points of view to sell-to buy, to give to receive.

Derivational antonyms may be affixal happy-unhappy, logical-illogical or suffixal hopeful-hopeless. It is not always possible to replace a word by its opposite. Where it is possible you may notice that some words have several opposites depending on the context. The opposite of old, for example, can be new or young depending on the situation. WORDS THAT ARE THEIR OWN OPPOSITES There are some antonyms that are called auto-antonyms - words that

have two opposite meanings. For example, to clip may mean to cut a little piece off, or to put a little piece on. To look over may mean careful scrutiny or that you missed an important detail. Sometimes the antonymy may be historical nice used to denote an unpleasant quality. There is a discussion of whether any generalities could be made about such pairs. Are they regularly motivated, or always a coincidence

Meanwhile, here are more auto-antonyms that got left out of last post One auto-antonym is moot, which at once means suitable for debate and not worth discussing. Impregnable able to impregnated or inable to be pregnated, copesmate used to mean antagonist and now means partner or comrade, It turns out that they were having a week celebrating fence-setters, evidently another term for what is calling auto-antonyms. BRUCE

NEVIN reminds us of an intercontinental auto-antonym pair public school in Britain is private school in the USA and vice versa. Infer historically and now, informally this means imply as well. Rent, lease several pointed out to me that these means both lend and borrow. In addition, Chinese operates similarly with respect to this pair, and

WOLFGANG LIPP notes a similar auto-antonymy to represent give and take in pronunciation but not in writing. Learnteach in sub - Standard English, these two meanings fuse into learn, as they do in standard Russian uchit Here is sensitive this may describe either someone with profound understanding for the feelings of others, and tolerates differences of opinion thus sensitivity training for group leaders as well as a paranoid who doesnt listen to what people are really saying, and decides to take everything

as a personal insult. Holewhole Spelled the first way, an entire absence of matter the second, entire presence. This reminds me of pit which can be either a hollow or the stone of a fruit. Which reminds me of seeded oranges insert your favourite fruit here - oranges with seeds as opposed to navel oranges, which have no seeds, OR oranges that have had their seeds removed. If you think youre beginning to see some patterns here, youre not alone

There were received a few theories on the ultimate essence of auto-antonymy, historical, psychological, and sociological approaches. These theories show that auto-antonymy comes about for a variety of reasons. Ive been enjoying the discussion of words that are their own antonyms. At first I thought the classic example of Latin Altus high or deep might fit in, but as I thought about it I figured it was just unmarked for point of view say when cleaning out an empty swimming

pool then Deep becomes high so I just looked to see if it was on the list and got a comment. No. Good. But one that I have long wondered about is risk as in he risked winning the game. I was shocked as a teenager the first time I saw he risked losing the game or something like that in print, because I previously thought and am still inclined toward the complement of risk being the desirable result, not the undesirable one. Whether or not this fits into this discussion,

I wonder if anyone else has had a similar or opposite reaction or any thoughts about whats going on in the case of risk LINGUIST List 6.86 p 321995 Dr. Alex Eulenberg USA Department of Speech, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK . HOW TO TEACH ANTONYMS Teaching antonyms requires great skill and practice. For this purpose the teacher uses various techniques and methods.

For example, while teaching antonyms small and big he uses pictures for presenting them. He says In these pictures you see two balls. The balls should differ only in size. This is a small ball, and this is a big ball. This ball is small, and that ball is big. Now, Sasha, come up to the picture and point to the small ball big ball. Then the teacher shows another picture with two houses in it a white house and a yellow house, and

he asks another pupil to point to the white house, to the u yellow house, and so on. The teacher may use gestures, for example, for conveying the meaning of stand up, sit down. He says Lena, stand up. He shows with his hands what she must do. Lena stands up. Now, sit down. Again with the movement of his hands he shows the girl what she must do. The other pupils listen to the teacher and watch what

Lena is doing. Then many pupils are invited to perform the actions. If the antonyms are difficult for understanding the teacher may use the learners mother tongue and translate them directly or to give the analogies. For example, the teacher says антоним слова широкий на русском языке будет узкий, а по-английски это слово звучит как narrow. ANTONYM QUESTIONS TEST KNOWLEDGE OF VOCABULARY The teacher must be sure of his vocabulary

These questions obviously test vocabulary. So if yours could use some work, spend time improving it. Apart from having a great vocabulary, you can also do well on antonyms by using test-smarts and strategy. Antonyms present you with a single word followed by five answer choices containing words or short phrases. Your task here is to find the answer choice that s most nearly opposite in meaning to the original word. If you re stumped about the meaning of a word, try to think of a context where you ve heard the

word before. You may not be able to recite the definition of the word covert, for instance, but you ve probably heard the phrase covert operation to describe some type of cloak-and-dagger activity. Also, use your knowledge of foreign languages and word roots to help decode the meaning of a tough word. For instance, you may not know what benediction means, but you may be able to determine that the root bene means good from knowing the more common word benevolent.

That may be all you need to answer a question if you spot a word like curse among the answers. Although antonym questions test knowledge of vocabulary more directly than do any of the other verbal question types, antonym questions measure not merely the strength of your vocabulary but also your ability to reason from a given concept to its opposite. Antonyms may require only rather general knowledge of a word, or they may require that you make fine distinctions among answer choices.

Antonyms are generally confined to nouns, verbs, and adjectives answer choices may be single words or phrases. Here are some approaches that may be helpful in answering antonym questions Remember that you are looking for the word that is the most nearly opposite to the given word you are not looking for a synonym. Many words do not have a precise opposite, so you must look for the answer choice that expresses a concept most nearly opposite to that of the given word.

In some cases more than one of the answer choices may appear at first to be opposite to the given word. When this happens, try to define more precisely or in greater detail the meaning of the given word. In weighing answer choices, it is often useful to make up a sentence using the given word or words. Substitute the answer choices in the phrase or sentence and see which best fits. The best answer will be the one that reverses the meaning or tone of the sentence or phrase.

Remember that a particular word may have more than one meaning. Use your knowledge of root, prefix, and suffix meanings to help you determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. WORD RETRIEVAL ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN What is a word-retrieval problem The terms word retrieval problem or word finding difficulty imply that the person knows and understands the word, and has used it correctly before. However, they have difficulty retrieving such known words

at times. Children and adults with language disorders are frequently found to have word retrieval difficulties. Often when a person child or adult is having difficulty retrieving a word they will have the sense that it is on the tip of their tongue a state of affairs familiar to all of us at other times they seem simply to go blank. ABOUT THE ACTIVITIES These activities are intended for children . Not all of the activities will suit all children - so be selective.

Put the emphasis on listening, thinking and speaking. The activities are aimed at having the child retrieve known words - not at extending the vocabulary by teaching new words. Use a minimum of visual cues. If the word to be retrieved does not come easily for the child, provide an auditory cue e.g say the first sound or syllable of the word or a verbal clue e.g it rhymes with

Give the child time to think, but don t leave it so long that they are struggling to find the word. Rather than letting them persist unsuccessfully, tell them the answer, and go on with the next few items. Then ask them the one that was difficult again. Aim for a high success-rate to encourage motivation and confidence. Adapt the tasks to suit the developmental age of the person.

Talk about words and word-meanings. As natural opportunities arise talk about such topics as Why is Big Bird called Big Bird Talk about people being named after other people. Talk about why certain names might have been chosen for pets and TV characters Cookie Monster, Vinny the Poo, Uncle Scrooge, The Fat Controller, etc. Try to work these conversations in around topics of genuine interest

to the child. PLAYING GAMES INVOLVING ANTONYMS Do this as a sentence completion cloze activity e.g The opposite of hot is or use a question-and-answer format e.g What is the opposite of hot, or as a confrontation naming task using pictures in which the child has to name opposites pictures as rapidly as they can e.g hot cold, wet dry, big little, fast slow, deep shallow, apart together. Play word games involving differences

For example, What is different about a bird and a plane They can both fly, but they are different because Checking test Each of the following questions begins with a single word in capital letters. Five answer choices follow. Select the answer choice that has the meaning most opposite to the word in capitals. 1.CEDEA estimate B fail C get ahead of

D flow out of E retain 2. ACRID A surly B vapid C damp D steady E sweet 3. NOISOME A lurid B healthful C peaceful D morose E rancorous Answers This question type is heavily based on vocabulary. The better your vocabulary, the better you will do. But there are a few tricks you can try to use. For example, if a choice doesn t have a clear opposite,

it can t be the correct answer. Such words as hinterland or automobile don t have very clear opposites and would be incorrect if you were to see them as answer choices. In this case, answer choice A does not have a clear opposite and can be eliminated even if you don t know what cede means. Also, if it s a tough question and the keyword is really hard, remember to stay away from choices that are too good to be true. The hard questions, which are the last few questions

of each question type, often contain choices that are misleading or tricky. For instance, the word cede will remind many people of succeed, so they ll pick B. But the test maker will never reward students for making mistakes. B can t be correct. By the same logic, you could probably eliminate C and D because cede will remind some people of recede, as in receding tide.

That leaves you with choice E as the right answer. Cede actually means to yield or surrender, which is in fact the opposite of retain. Note You will seldom, if ever, be able to eliminate all four wrong answers to an antonym question just by using these kinds of guessing strategies. They can help you eliminate a few choices and increase your guessing odds, but the best way to tackle antonyms is to know what kinds of words tend to show

up on the GRE, make flashcards of them, and improve your vocabulary. 1. C Cede is to give up one s rights or possessions. The most opposite phrase in meaning is to get ahead of. 2. E Something that is ACRID is sharp and biting to taste or smell. The word most opposite in meaning is sweet. 3. B NOISOME can mean harmful or injurious.

The best opposite to this is therefore healthful. ANTONYMS QUIZ FACETS Handout PrefixScore 1. What is the prefix that gives the opposite meaning of happy Write the word here 2. What prefix makes the word possible into something you cannot do Write the word here 3. Which prefix creates the antonym for practical Write the word here 4. Choose the prefix that creates the antonym for satisfied.

Write the word here 5. The prefix that creates the opposite of the word patient is Write the word here 6. What word means the opposite of human Write the word here 7. And the prefix that creates the antonym for imaginative is Write the word here 8. What is the antonym of the word legal Write the word here 9. What is the antonym of regular

Write the word here 10. The opposite of responsible is Write the word here 1. a -im b il- c in- d ir- e un- 2. a im- b un- c ir- d il- e dis- 3. a dis- b im- c un- d ir- e il- 4. a im- b il- c un- d dis- e ir- 5. a dis- b ir- c un- d im- e un- 6. a ir- b il- c un- d dis- e in- 7. a dis- b un- c in- d im- e il-

8. a un- b dis- c ir- d im- e il- 9. a un- b ir- c dis- d im- e in- 10 a un- b dis- c in- d im- e ir- MATCHED PAIRS. Purpose To review vocabulary. Sometimes, new words can be added to the set, as long as the number of new words s small and not disruptive. A second purpose, if the game is played as a team activity, is to stimulate conversation among the team members I think 7 matches 23.

Do you remember where is Finally, the game, like all the card games, is fun and contributes to group building. Targeted Skill vocabulary development Preparation Choose a category, e.g. antonyms. Write a word on each of 15 cards and the matching antonym on another 15 cards. Shuffle the cards well and then turn the over and number them from 1 to 30 on the back. Because the purpose of this game is to review something that has been taught rather than teach something

new, go over the pairs before the game begins to be sure everybody knows what the 15 pairs are. Procedure 1. Lay the cards out face down with the numbers showing. 2. Taking turns, the students call out 2 numbers. Turn over the called cards. If the cards don t match chances are they won t for the first few turns, the cards are turned back over. 3. When a student makes a match, the matched areas are removed from

the lay-out and that student gets another turn, continuing until the cards picked don t match. 4. When all the cards have been matched, the student with the largest pile wins. Variations 1. The game can be played as a team activity. One person from each team is the spokesperson for the team s collective effort to remember locations. Students can take turns being the spokesperson. 2.

When a match is made, the player can be required to use the two card words in a sentence. If the player can t do this, the cards are retuned to the layout, and the next player gets he opportunity to match and use the two words. Suggestions 1. adjective synonyms big-large next-following skeptical-doubtful 2. antonyms warm-cool light-heavy 3. two-word verbs separable find out - discover 4. two-word verbs inseparable come back - return 5. prefixes un - believable 6. idioms by the way - incidentally 7.

proverbs Time - heals all things DEVELOP CHILDRENS UNDRESTANDING OF E MEANINGS The following activity develops the children s understanding of the meanings of the above two terms, while increasing their range of vocabulary. 1 Begin by explaining the two terms, giving examples to illustrate the point.2 Have a list of words which have lots of synonyms antonyms.

Some are listed here strongbighappyshortsoftfasteasyfatnice newgoodquietbrightwarm3 Split the class into an even number of groups. Label half of the groups Synonym and half of the groups Antonym. 4 Say one of the words on your word list. Each group then has to think of as many synonyms and antonyms for that word as possible depending on the group s label given earlier. The children can have a fixed time limit to do this, or can continue

until they run out of words. 5 Now count up the number of words each group has produced and award points to the group with the longest list. 6 Repeat using different words. You could also swap the groups, so the Synonyms groups now find antonyms and vice versa. 7 This would also be a useful exercise in using a thesaurus, so if there were enough for one per group, the children could use these to add to their own lists.

Antonyms Students fold a piece of construction paper in half. They look through the newspaper to find and cut out words or pictures that are antonyms. They write or paste the antonym words or pictures on opposite sides of the construction paper This idea contributed by Mrs. Amada Pйrez. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER Please check to see if the question is asking for an antonym or synony 1.Give the antonym

for forward 1 pt A advan B ah C backwards D behind2. Are the following antonyms or synonyms FEARLESSBRAVE 1 pt A Synonyms B Antonyms3.What is the antonym of no 1 pt A yes B forget C eat D know4. True or False An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. 1 pt A Tru B False CONCLUSION The process of teaching a foreign language is a complex one as with

many other subjects, it has necessarily to be broken down into components for purposes of study the teaching acts of 1 presenting and explaining new material 2 providing practice and 3 testing. In principle, the teaching processes of presenting, practicing and testing correspond to strategies used by many good learners trying to acquire a foreign language on their own. They make sure they perceive and understand new language they make conscious efforts to learn it through

and they check themselves. In the class, it is teacher s job to promote these three learning processes by the use of appropriate teaching acts. Thus, he or she presents and explains new material in order to make it clear, comprehensible and available for learning gives practice to consolidate knowledge and tests, in order to check what has been mastered and still needs to be learned and reviewed. These acts may not occur in this order, and may sometimes be combined within one activity nevertheless

good teachers are aware which is their main object at any point in a lesson. In modern teaching materials now in use the words pupils are to learn pass through the following stages 1. Pupils listen to the words in sentences arranged in a structural group. 2. They learn the meaning of the words in various contexts. 3. Pupils learn the forms of the words. 4. They perform various exercises with the words in phrases

and structures to assimilate the usage of the words. 5. Pupils use the words in speaking in various situations. The rules, techniques, methods and structures mentioned in this paper are available for teaching any unit of vocabulary and antonyms as well. Following these learning processes you will achieve a step and will be successful in teaching antonyms and vocabulary in the whole.

THE LIST OF LITERATURE 1. Общая методика обучения иностранным языкам в средней школе. М 1967. 2. Методика преподавания иностранных языков за рубежом. Сост. М. М. Васильева и Е. В. Синявская. М Прогресс, 1967. 3. Старков А П. Обучение иностранному языку в средней школе. М Просвещение, 1978. 4. Программа по иностранному языку для средней школы.

М Просвещение, 1981. 5. Хэкболдт П. Изучение иностранных языков. М Просвещение, 1963. 6. Костиникова О. А Basic English Lexicology. Сочи, 2000. 7. Flower J. Berman M. Build your vocabulary 2. LTP, London, 1998. 8. Ur P. A Course in Language Teaching Practice and Theory. Cambridge University, 1997. 9.

The All Nations Dictionary International Phonetic Alphabet. All Nations Literature, Colorado Springs, 1992.