Реферат по предмету "Иностранный язык"


Buddhism- Questioning Our

“self” Essay, Research Paper

Questioning our ?Self?

Something that interests us all is ourselves – because we are the subject and main focus of

our lives. No matter what you think of yourself, there is a natural interest because you have to

live with yourself for a lifetime. The self view is therefore something that can give us a lot of

misery if we see ourselves in the wrong way. Even under the best of circumstances, if we don’t

see ourselves in the right way we still end up creating suffering in our minds. The Buddha was

trying to point out that the way to solve the problem isn’t through trying to make everything right

and pleasant on the external dimension, but to develop the right understanding, the right attitude

towards ourselves, and to overall just do what we can.

Living in the US at this time, we expect comfort and all kinds of privileges and material

comforts. This makes life more pleasant in many ways, but when our every need is provided for

and life is too comfortable, something in us just doesn’t develop. Sometimes it is the struggle

through hardship that develops and matures us as human beings.

But when we give up or surrender to restriction and to restraint through wisdom, we find

liberation. Life is the experience of restriction and restraint, being born in our own skin and

having to live under the laws of nature. Mentally we can fly to the sky, but physically we are

bound to limitations that get more and more restrictive the older we get. This isn?t seen as

suffering by us because that?s just the way things are.

The sense of oneself is something that we are aware of when we are children; when

we?re born there is no sense of a self as being anything. As we grow up we learn what we are

supposed to be, if we are good or bad, if we are pretty or ugly, if we are smart or stupid. So we

develop a sense of ourselves. Even when we get older, sometimes we still have very adolescent

attitudes or childish emotional reactions to life that we have been unable to resolve except by

suppressing or ignoring them.

There is one way of talking about the self that makes it sound very doctrinal. It seemed to

me that Buddhists can sometimes say that there is no self, as if it was a proclamation that they

have to believe in; as if there were some higher being saying "THERE IS NO SELF BOYS AND

GIRLS!" It doesn’t seem true to just go announcing that there isn’t any self- because what is this

experience that we are feeling right now? Where I am now there seems to be very much a sense

of oneself. I?m feeling, I?m breathing, I see, I hear; I react to things – people can praise me or

criticize me and I feel happy or sad. ? ?All states are without self?, when one sees this in

wisdom, then he becomes dispassionate towards the painful. This is the Path to Purity.? (134

Rahula)

So if this isn’t me then what is it? And am I supposed to go around as a Buddhist

believing that I don’t have a self? Or if I am going to believe, should it be in something like God

where I can believe that I have a self, because then I can say things like "my true self is perfect

and pure" even if it?s not? That at least gives me some kind of inspiration and reason to live my

life, rather than saying that there is no self and no soul, leaving a total of zero possibilities. These

are just examples of the use of language; we can say ?there is no self? as a proclamation, or

"there is no self" as a reflection. The reflective way is to encourage us to contemplate the self.

The Buddha was pointing to the fact that when we really look at these changing conditions that

we tend to identify with, we can begin to see that these are not self. What we believe in is not

what we really are: it’s a position, it?s a condition, it?s something that changes according to time

and place. Each one of us is experiencing consciousness through the human body that we have.

There are moments in our lives when the self does stop functioning and we get in touch

with the pure state of conscious experience. That is what is known as bliss. But when we have

those blissful experiences, immediately the desire to have them again takes over, and no matter

how hard we try to have it again, as long as we’re attached to the view of wanting bliss again, we

will never get it. But in this state of attentive awareness, we begin to see what is actually taking

place, then we can let go of the causes of our suffering. We see how it actually is, and we have

that intuitive wisdom to let go. So in this life as a human being from birth to death every moment

is an opportunity for understanding in the right way.




Не сдавайте скачаную работу преподавателю!
Данный реферат Вы можете использовать для подготовки курсовых проектов.

Поделись с друзьями, за репост + 100 мильонов к студенческой карме :

Пишем реферат самостоятельно:
! Как писать рефераты
Практические рекомендации по написанию студенческих рефератов.
! План реферата Краткий список разделов, отражающий структура и порядок работы над будующим рефератом.
! Введение реферата Вводная часть работы, в которой отражается цель и обозначается список задач.
! Заключение реферата В заключении подводятся итоги, описывается была ли достигнута поставленная цель, каковы результаты.
! Оформление рефератов Методические рекомендации по грамотному оформлению работы по ГОСТ.

Читайте также:
Виды рефератов Какими бывают рефераты по своему назначению и структуре.