The commonwealth of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal state
within the Commonwealth of Nations. Its territories are the continent of
Australia, the island of Tasmania and a number of smaller islands. It has an
area of about eight million square kilometres.
The continent of Australia is mostly a great plain
with mountains in the east and south-east. The western part of the continent
forms a plateau which occupies half of the continent. Australia's greatest
rivers are the Murray and the Darling. Australia has several different climatic
regions, from warm to subtropical and tropical.
There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney,
Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. Each city is the capital of the state
in which it is situated. Most of the factories are concentrated in or around
the big cities. They produce goods for the motor-car, machine-building,
clothing and food industries. Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth
are the country's main ports. Agriculture is the main occupation in Australia.
Wheat and sugar are the main agricultural crops, fruit-growing is also highly
developed. Australia is famous for its sheep. The great sheep-farms, called
sheep-stations are found in many parts of the country.
Today there are about fifteen million people in
Australia, most of them are of British origin. There are now only 40000 full
aborigines in the country.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing
federal state. Formally the head of the state is the King or Queen of England
represented by the Governor-General. The Commonwealth of Australia consists of
six states and two territories: the Federal Capital Territory and the Northern
Territory. The Capital Territory is the land around the Federal Capital,
Canberra. Australia has a parliament in each state and the Federal Parliament
of the Commonwealth at Canberra. The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate
and the House of Representatives. The federal government of the country is
headed by the Prime Minister, usually the leader of the party which has the
majority.
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