The Russian Federation
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the
world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the
eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about
17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans:the
Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China,
Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on
Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a
sea-borders with the USA.
There is hardly a country in the world where such a
variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south,
plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the nirth, highlands and
deserts in the east.
There are two great plains in Russia:the Great Russian
Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountains chains on the
territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The
largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.
There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's
biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers-
the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena- flow from the south to the north. The Amur in
the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Russia is reach in beautiful lakes. The world's
deepest lake is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there
is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so
clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.
Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are
concentrated in the European north of the country, in Syberia and in the Far
East.
On the vast territory of the country there are various
types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the
middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.
Russia is very reach in oil, iron ore, natural gas,
copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State
is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest
political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It's one of the oldest
Russian cities.
At present, the political and economic situationn in
the country is rather complicated. There are a lot of problems in the national
economy of the Russian Federation. The industrial production is decreasing. The
prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is very high. People are
losing their jobs because many factories and plants are going bankrupt.
But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at
present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the
leading countries in the world. I'm sure that we, the younger generation, can
do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be.
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