Pronouns

PRONOUNS. Personal pronouns. Forms of personal pronouns: Subject: I he she it one we you they Object: me him her it one us you them Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives. Forms of possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives: Adjectives: my his her its one’s our your their Pronouns: mine his hers - - ours yours theirs Possessive adjectives and pronouns show possession, i.e. that someone or something belongs to somebody.

They answer the question Whose? The possessive adjectives my, your, etc. are determiners and must always be used in front of a noun. The possessive pronouns mine, yours, etc. are never used in front of nouns and are stressed in speech. This is my house. This house is mine. Possessive pronouns can come at the beginning of a sentence: This is my hat. Yours is on the shelf. Extra emphasis can be given to the idea of possession by the

addition of own to all possessive adjectives. The resulting combinations can function as possessive adjectives (my own house) or possessive pronouns (It is my own). Instead of my own + noun we often use a/an + noun of my own. Our cat has his own armchair/an armchair of his own in our house. Further emphasis can be given with very: I’d love to have my very own house/a house of my very own.

We can say one’s own room or a room of one’s own, but we do not use one as a prop word after (my) own: Don’t use my towel, use your own. Reflexive pronouns. Forms of reflexive pronouns: Singular: myself yourself himself, herself, itself, oneself Plural: ourselves yourselves t h e m s e l v e s There are only a very few verbs in English, which must always be followed by reflexives: absent oneself, avail oneself of, pride oneself

on. The soldier absented himself without leave for three weeks. Other verbs are very commonly followed by reflexives: amuse, blame, cut, dry, enjoy, hurt, introduce. These verbs can be followed by ordinary objects. He cut himself shaving this morning. He’s cut his cheek. Note the following sentences where personal pronouns are preferred to reflexive pronouns: She went in, closing the door behind her.

She put the thought from her. He looked about him. Reflexive pronouns may also be used in a different way: together with the verb they may form set phrases characterized by idiomatic meaning: I’m afraid she is forgetting herself. (забывается) He found himself in a strange place. (оказался) At last she came to herself. (пришла в себя) Besides there are some prepositional phrases with reflexive pronouns which are to be treated as set

phrases because they have idiomatic meaning: Are we by ourselves again? (одни) She was almost beside herself with anger. (вне себя) In spite of myself I was interested. (наперекор себе, вопреки своему желанию) Go and find for yourself how it is done. (сам) It is a word complete in itself. (само по себе) As for myself, I don’t like it. (что касается меня)

Let’s leave her to herself. (оставим её одну) We can drive the car among ourselves. (вдвоём по очереди) Note the following sentences: She is a beauty itself. I’m glad to see that he is himself again. Exercise 30. Use the appropriate personal pronouns in the following sentences: 1. … say there was a great earthquake in the Atlantic two days ago.

2. If … see an elephant once a year … remains a spectacle; if … see … daily … becomes part of the scenery. 3. “Susan’s married now”, said Mrs. Green. “… was in the ‘Times’.” 4. There was a lot of noise all around now, and amongst … … could hear a plane flying unusually low. 5. John soon made … clear that … did not want to stay there long. 6. He is dreadfully ugly. … must not start when … see …, or … will put … off. … doesn’t like … to feel

sorry for … . 7. The “Fredrick Weber” was a freighter sailing from Hamburg to Colombo. 8. … was cold to sit on the terrace, pretending that … was really a summer evening. 9. “Our aim is to keep Italy out of the war until … is strong enough to come in on our side,” said the colonel. 10. We were climbing a steep hill and the car throbbed as if … were going to expire. 11. I got my hat and beat … . 12. It was my fault … got a bad mark.

Exercise 31. Use the right pronoun: 1. John and (I, me) played together. 2. We spent our holidays together with (them, they). 3. My mother and (I, me) are good friends. 4. It’s (her, she). 5. (He, him) writes to (she, her) every week. 6. (We, us) enjoy playing football. 7. Will you give (him, he) and (I, me) some help? 8.

Olga and (they, them) are next-door neighbours. 9. (My, me) uncle John is (my, me) father’s brother. 10. (Our, us) relatives are coming to see (our, us) today. 11. Tell (them, their) about it. (They, them) will be glad. 12. Is this (you, your) car? There is something wrong with (it, its) tire.13. Ask (her, she) if it’s (her, she) bag. 14. Tom and

Betsy are having (them, their) lunch. 15. He gave (me, my) (him, his) photograph in which I couldn’t recognize (him, his). 16. We were surprised to see (them, their) on the platform, they also came to meet (our, us). 17. Is it (her, hers) coat? No, it’s (mine, my). 18. It isn’t (my, mine) book. (My, mine) is over there. 19. Do you like (your, yours) new house? 20. Do you believe (his, him)?

21. I like (her, she) better than (him, his). 22. Tell (his, him) not to forget (his, him) ticket; (she, her) mustn’t forget (her, hers) either. 23. Lend (they, them) (your, yours) dictionary, please. (They, them) have left (their, theirs) at home. 24. (I, me) see that (he, him) has lost (his, him) pen; perhaps (you, your) can give (his, him) (your, yours). Exercise 32. Use personal or possessive pronouns in the right form:

1. The boys are at home. … came early. 2. Kate left an hour ago. Nobody saw … . 3. Tom met Susan at the entrance, … showed … the exhibition. 4. John is … brother. … is older than … am. 5. Thank … for the magazine … gave …, … is very interesting. 6. I invited … to a party at … place. … hope … will bring … husband with … . 7. Kate and … cousin are spending … holidays in the

Crimea … have both visited before. 8. John takes … piano lessons on Wednesday. … is the only day … is free after school. 9. Has anyone had … tea? 10. No one had … watch on. 11. Has anyone left … umbrella behind? 12. Everybody took … turn. 13. Anybody can take … book home. 14. Something alive just poked … nose out of that hole.

15. Each of the girls was in … place. 16. … flat is on the fifth floor, … windows face the sea. 17. … like to visit … auntie who lives not far from … . 18. She was happy that … dog found … puppies. 19. The Blacks have moved to a new flat. … gave … … new address, so I can visit … . 20. When Alex saw Mary … spoke to … .

21. If you see Tom, give … … regards. 22. The cuckoo lays … eggs in other birds’ nests. Exercise 33. Translate into English: 1. Она порезала палец и чувствует себя неважно. 2. Он сломал мою ручку, но дал мне свою. 3. Он не знает, куда он положил свой галстук. 4. Где вы провели каникулы? 5. Они рассказали мне вчера о своей поездке в Минск. 6. Он положил деньги в карман и ушёл. 7. Она любит рассказывать нам о своём ребёнке.

8. Он поедет туда с женой и сыном. 9. Я прочту вам своё стихотворение и хочу, чтобы вы прочли мне своё. 10. Она надела пальто и шляпку, взяла перчатки и сумочку и вышла. 11. Я вижу, что у вас нет линейки, я дам вам свою. 12. Я попрошу брата достать мне эту книгу. 13. Он потерял свою ручку. Не могли бы вы дать ему вашу? 14. Сегодня холодно.

Ты должен надеть пальто и шапку. 15. Его отец и мой работают сейчас в Москве. 16. Я всегда готовлю уроки дома. 17. Это мой ребёнок, а не ваш! 18. Я ещё не написал своё сочинение, а ваше готово? 19. Я не могу избавиться от простуды. 20. Вот ваша книга. А где моя? 21. Я сама могу это сделать. 22. Уберите вашу собаку!

Она лает слишком громко! Exercise 34. Use reflexive or personal pronouns: 1. Look behind …! You’ve dropped something. 2. I always keep this photo in front of … on my table. 3. It is cold. Close the door behind … . 4. When she came to … she found … on the hospital bed. 5. I don’t like anybody to do my work instead of … . 6. Take care of …! Don’t work hard. 7. It was so dark that we could hardly see anything in front of

… . 8. I read the newspaper … first and then gave it to my sister. 9. Did he enjoy … at the party? 10. Don’t ask for help. Do it … . 11. You can go there without … . 12. Did you invite him …? Exercise 35. Supply reflexive pronouns for the following sentences where possible: 1. I found … doing nearly all the talking. 2. He was amiability … .

3. We enjoyed … at the party. 4. He had made … very unpopular. 5. The young leaves unfolded to their utmost and the fields generously spread … on either hand. 6. Why is she sitting all by … in the dark? 7. Sandra looked at … in the long mirror. 8. I liked having lodgings of my own, where I could be by … . 9. I closed the door behind … . 10. Every man is important to … at one time or another.

11. All day the children were beside … from excitement. 12. It is easy to translate this text. I can do it … . 13.The play … was interesting but the acting was poor. 14.The knife is very sharp. Don’t cut … . 15.She learnt Spanish … . 16.My sister is only four years old. But she can wash and dress … .

17.She looked at … in the mirror and was satisfied. 18.Who made such a beautiful dress? – I have made it … . 19.The taxi didn’t come and we had to carry our heavy luggage … . 20.He … can’t believe that he took the first place. 21.Who told you they bought a new flat? – Olga … .

22.Don’t worry about us. We can take care of … . 23.You can make a cup of coffee for … . 24.He is very selfish. He only thinks of … . Exercise 36. Translate into English: 1. Мы видели это своими собственными глазами. 2. Это не моя ручка, мне нужна моя. 3. Она очутилась в незнакомом месте. 4. Один мой друг знает девять языков. 5. Сначала прочитайте текст про себя.

6. Эта машина твоя, можешь пользоваться ею. 7. Он верит только тому, что слышит своими ушами. 8. Кто там? – Это я, твоя тётя Клара из Бразилии. 9. Он не только сам пришёл, но и привёл с собой всех своих родственников. 10. Не забудь взять свой зонтик. Я тебе свой не дам. 11. Посмотри на себя в зеркало. Ты очень грязный. 12.

Он сам знает наш адрес. 13. Что ты собираешься взять с собой в поездку? 14 Он на вечере был со своей женой? – Нет, он был один. 15. Судите сами, кто из нас прав! 16. – Она оставила свои ключи в отеле. – Ничего, у меня есть свои. 17. Ребёнок вышел и забыл закрыть за собой дверь. 18. Она порезалась острым ножом. 19. Мы не смогли сами починить магнитофон и попросили нашего друга

сделать это. 20. Я поставил перед собой чашку кофе и начал читать вчерашнюю газету. 21. Она всегда шьёт всё сама. 22. Если я сам не напишу это письмо – никто другой этого не сделает “It” as an “empty subject” We often use it in sentences referring to time, the weather, temperature or distance. When used in this way, it is sometimes called an empty subject, because it carries no real information. It is present because every English sentence has to contain a subject and a verb.

Time: It is nine o’clock. It’s Sunday. It’s May 31st. It’s time: It’s time (for us) to do it. Weather: It’s raining. It’s hot. Temperature: It’s + 35’ C. Distance: It’s 10 miles to/ from that town. The tides: It’s high tide at 10.45. Environment: It’s noisy in here. Present situation: Isn’t it a shame! With since: It’s ten years since we last met.

With says: It says here there was a great storm in Hove. With take: It takes (me) 15 minutes to get to work. “It” as a “preparatory subject”. It as a preparatory subject often combines with: adjectives: e.g. difficult, easy, important, vital. It’s difficult (for him) to come here. nouns: e.g. fun, a pity, a pleasure, a shame. It’s a pity he hasn’t come! verb: e.g. appear, happen, look, seem.

It appears that he had to stay at home. Exercise 37. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Довольно поздно, не правда ли? 2. Неправильно. 3. Было холодное зимнее утро. 4. Жарко. 5. Лето. 6. Была весна. 7. Пять часов. 8. Темно. 9.В зале холодно или нет? 10. Холодно, не так ли?

11. Сейчас пять или шесть часов? 12. Здесь так душно. 13. У меня уходит 20 минут, чтобы добраться до работы. 14. До лагеря – 3 км. 15. Трудно понять человека, который не хочет быть понятым. 16. На выполнение домашнего задания у неё уходит два часа. 17. Случилось так, что мы заблудились в своём собственном лесу.

18. Позор, что она забыла о своём обещании! 19. Жизненно необходимо, чтобы они приехали. 20. Уже одиннадцать лет, как мы знакомы. 21. Забавно, что ты тоже спрашиваешь об этом. 22. Кажется, я вот-вот найду правильное решение. Exercise 38. Use “it” or “there”: 1. … is winter. … is a lot of snow. 2. … was Christmas. … were a lot of presents for the children under the

Christmas tree. 3. … were a lot of clouds in the morning. Now … is clear again. 4. I think … is time to begin. 5. What is …? 6. … is wonderful music in this film. 7. Our class went to a concert. … was a success. 8. … is a swimming pool near my house, but … is no water in it. 9. … is a student from Greece in our group.

10. … were a lot of rains last autumn. 11. What is …you wanted to tell me? 12. Since … was nothing much to see, we left. 13. Where … is life, … is hope. 14. … no use telling him the truth. … is nothing to him. 15. … is important to keep in mind that … is left-side traffic in Britain. 16. Is … any news? 17. Is … enough food in the house … is enough to feed the whole group.

18. … is nothing like walking about the countryside when … is warm and … is sunshine and … isn’t a single cloud in the sky and … is someone to make you happy. 19. A long time ago … used to be a fortress on that hill. 20. … is nothing but the result of her nervous disorder. 21. … is nothing I can do to help you. 22. … a medieval castle in the woods. … has existed since the 14th

century. 23. … comes my bus. … is number 16. 24. …is no time to waste. … is high time we take some steps. 25. … was here that we met Ethel. 26. “I like … when I’m alone,” she said. 27. … was something extremely civilized about her so that … surprised you to see her in those surroundings. 28. Let … be so. 29. Let … always be sunshine. 30. … is no smoke without fire. 31. … never rains but … pours.

Exercise 39. Translate into English. 1. В этом журнале есть несколько интересных рассказов. 2. Много веков тому назад вокруг Сити была стена. 3. Прогноз погоды сообщает, что завтра будет гроза. 4. Сколько гостей будет на обеде? 5. Времени осталось немного. 6. В этой группе мало студентов. 7. Весной здесь почти не бывает дождей.

8. В холодильнике есть масло, молоко, сыр, но нет мяса. 9. Если в магазине есть рыба, купи, пожалуйста. 10. На этой стороне улицы есть кинотеатр. 11. В семье много детей, и поэтому всегда много работы по дому. 12. В комнате были стол, два стула и диван, больше ничего не было. 13. На этом перекрёстке нет светофора. 14. Сколько экзаменов будет зимой?

15. Сегодня по телевидению нет ничего интересного. 16. Спорить не о чем. 17. После собрания был концерт? 18. Кажется, нет надежды. 19. В её лице было что-то знакомое. 20. Нет ничего лучше чашки крепкого кофе рано утром. 21. Важно узнать, всё ли она сказала. 22. Здесь так холодно, дайте, пожалуйста, ещё одно одеяло.

Uses of “some any no every and their compounds” Some and any are the most frequently used quantity words in the language. They never answer - How many? and – How much? How many do you want? – Just a few. (Not “some”) How much do you want? – Just a little. (Not “some”) Some is normally used: - in the affirmative: There are some apples in the box. (i.e. an unstated number.

) There is some juice in the glass. (i.e. an unstated quality.) - in questions when we expect (or hope to get) the answer “Yes”: Have you got some pencils here? (i.e. I know or I think you’ve got some and expect you to say “Yes”). - in offers, requests, invitations and suggestions when we expect the answer “Yes” or expect implied agreement. Would you like some (more) cake? (expecting “Yes”).

May I have some (more) tea? (expecting “Yes”). - to mean “certain, but not all”: Some people believe anything they read in the papers. Not … some can be used in certain context to mean “not all”: I didn’t understand some of the information. Any is normally used: - in negative statements containing not: We have not got any shoes of your size. There isn’t any juice in the glass. - in questions when

we are not sure about the answer or expect “No”. Have you got any pencils here? (i.e. I don’t know if you have got any and wouldn’t be surprised if you said “No”). - in sentences containing such negative words as hardly, never, seldom or without, or when there is any suggestion of doubt, e. g. with if or whether: There’s hardly any milk in the cup. We got to the Crimea without any problems. I don’t know if/whether there is any news from him. - with

at all and (more formally) whatever for special emphasis: I haven’ t got any idea at all/ whatever about what happened. Some any no every compounds (except – where compounds) function as pronouns. They are called indefinite because we do not always know who or what we are referring to. These compounds follow the rules given for the use of some, any, and no.

Note: Everybody (somebody, anybody) is here, aren’t they? Nobody is there, are they? Exercise 40. Insert some, any, no. 1. There is … ink in my pen: I cannot write. 2. Is there … paper on the desk? – Yes, there is … . 3. There are … flowers here in winter. 4. I can see … children in the yard. They are playing.

5. Would you like … more coffee? 6. There is … tea in the cup: the cup is empty. 7. Give me … water, please. I’m thirsty. 8. Is there … cheese on the plate? 9. Have you got … time to spare? 10. He didn’t know if there’s … information for him. 11. I can hardly see … water there. 12. I saw you bought sweets. Have you got … of them in your bag? Exercise 41. Insert some, any, no or their compounds.

1. Has … in this group got a dictionary? 2. Please tell us the story. … knows it. 3. I didn’t see … in the street. 4. There is … white in the box. 5. Give me … to eat. I’m so hungry. 6. … knows that water is necessary for life. 7. You must find … who can help you. 8. … knew … about America before Columbus discovered it. 9. I saw … in the bus yesterday who looked like you.

10. I understand … now. Thank you for your explanation. 11. I didn’t take … money with me, so I couldn’t buy … . 12. I’m afraid I won’t be able to find … in the office now: it is too late. Exercise 42. Use some, any, no, every or their derivatives: 1. It is so dark here. I can’t see … . 2. … must do their own work.

3. You can ask him … question, he will answer it. 4. Do we have … milk? – No, we don’t have … , go and buy … , please. 5. I see him in the library … day. 6. We have lunch at … time between 1 and 2. 7. Has … happened? 8. I am going to tell you … interesting. 9. We had … to eat the whole day and got hungry. 10.

The party was dull; there were … interesting people there. 11. Are you going … for the weekend? 12. There is … rule without exception. 13. There are … flowers near the window. Give me a flower, please. 14. You will have to do it … . 15. Does … mind if I smoke? 16. The prisoners refused to eat … 17. Would you like … more beer?

18. The music is really great! You can ask … who has heard it. 19. Why are you looking under the table? Have you lost …? 20. There is … rose without thorns. 21. She refused to say … . 22. If …rings me up, please, tell me. Exercise 43. Use “some of”, “ none of”, “any of”, “which of”, “each of”.

1. … the students are taking their exam today, others are taking it tomorrow. 2. … them are coming to the party, they are busy on Saturday. 3. “Do you know … these men?” asked the policeman. 4. I hope … you will come and see me when I’m in hospital. 5. I didn’t like … the pictures she showed me. 6. … you is older?

7. He spoke with an American accent and … us could understand him. 8. … the houses was of different colour. 9. … them knows the Browns’ address? 10. … the children understand anything. 11. I think, … you lied me yesterday! 12. … us can do this task. It is so easy. Exercise 44. Translate into English.

1. На столе лежит что-то круглое. Что это такое? 2. Никто об этом ничего не знает, не так ли? 3. В городе много парков. Везде деревья и цветы. 4. Он где-то в саду. 5. Мы слышали эту песню повсюду. 6. В той комнате кто-то есть. 7. Кто-нибудь хочет посмотреть телевизор? 8. Ольга живёт где-то в этом районе. 9. Всё в порядке.

10. Я никого не знаю в этом городе. 11. Кто-нибудь знает адрес нашего старосты? 12. Дай мне, пожалуйста, что-нибудь поесть. 13. Ты что-нибудь знаешь о Роне? 14. Ты никуда не пойдёшь, пока не поешь. 15. Где-то мы уже слышали это. 16. Ты как всегда бросил свою книгу где-то, а теперь ищешь её везде. 17. Она может быть где угодно. 18. Никто никуда не пойдёт без моего разрешения, не так ли?

19. Давай куда-нибудь сходим завтра. 20. Она что-то знает, но не хочет никому ничего говорить. 21. Кому-нибудь нужна эта газета? 22. Вы где-нибудь видели что-нибудь подобное? 23. Все знают ответ на этот вопрос, не правда ли? Exercise 45. Supply “some”, “any” or “no” for the following sentences. 1. If you have … news, call me back. 2. She helped to borrow … more money.

3. There is hardly … place in this house where we can talk alone. 4. … boy at the school had ever taken a scholarship to the university. 5. It meant real hardship to my mother unless I earned … money at once. 6. My mother hoped that perhaps the school had … funds to give me a grant. 7. It was unlikely that … of the guests would take particular notice of it.

8. They understood each other without … words. 9. “Let’s go back home. It’s already late.” “I’d rather stay out a little longer.” “I suppose we’ve got to go home … time.” 10. There isn’t … boot-polish in the tin. 11. You have … fine flowers in your garden. 12. Go and ask him for … more paper. I haven’t … in my desk. 13. Later we had … tea. 14. He wants … more pudding.

You can take it away. 15. There are … matches left. We must buy … . 16. I wouldn’t go to his concert. He is … pianist. 17. … time ago I read his story in a magazine. 18. I don’t think there is … milk left in the jug. 19. … student can answer the question. Exercise 46.

Supply one of the compounds in “some-”, ”any-” or “no-” for the following sentences: 1. At the party you’ll see … you haven’t met yet. 2. Will there be … at the club so early? 3. I’m not going to see him because I have … important to report. 4. I was late. I found … in the house. 5. I’m expecting … at twelve o’clock. 6. I think there’s … wrong with my watch.

7. Is there … at home? 8. The doorbell rang but there was … there. 9. I know … at all. 10. Otherwise there was hardly … to occupy him. 11. “Why don’t they do … about me?” Mr. Scot cried out hearing that his friend had got promoted. 12. … can become a member of the club by paying a subscription. 13. When we get there it may be too late to do … .

14. … has been here before us. 15. “Why don’t you say…?” he demanded. 16. In the winter he lived without doing … . 17. He wondered if he would ever again share …’s emotion. 18. This is my affair and … else’s. 19. Sometimes he would sit silent and abstracted, taking no notice of … . 20. … is better than … in a situation like this. 21. Can’t you do … by yourself now? 22. I took care to ask him … about his own doings.

23. Will you bring … with you or will you come alone? 24. … has any right to interfere in his matter. 25. If … delays you, you must let me know. 26. It was clear that … had happened. 27. … at the airport could tell me … about the Trianon hotel. 28. It’s a cave. I’d like to find out if there’s … left inside.

29. He looked at my pictures and he didn’t say… . 30. Her parents are … much, you know. I’m afraid you will be disappointed. 31. But in any case, what can … do? 32. … had heard a rumour that he led a “wild” life. Study the following examples showing the use of the pronouns other, another. Some people like tea, other people like coffee. Some people like tea, others like coffee.

Why are you sitting here alone? Where are all the others? Both of my brothers work. One of them is a teacher and the other is a doctor. Can I have another cup of coffee? Note 1: Another is derived from an other and is used with nouns in the singular only. Note 2: Others, the others are used in the sentence as nouns. Exercise 47. Complete the following sentences with the pronouns other, others, the other, another:

1. He wanted to get to … side of the river. 2. I’ve got two sisters. One of them is a typist, … is still a student. 3. She entered the room and saw Tom and Sara sitting on the chairs. She looked first at one, then at … . 4. Only two of us are here. … students have already left. 5. Three parachutes opened one after … . 6. Her two sons were playing in the garden.

She turned her eyes from one to … . 7. I’m not doing any cooking. I’m busy with … things now. 8. There was … pause. 9. I’ve brought two of the books you gave me. I’ll bring … books next Friday. 10. This hat is too small for me. Сan you give me … one, a size bigger? 11. She went to the kitchen and came back with … cup of coffee.

12. Some people like spring, … prefer summer. 13. She whispered something from … side of the table. 14. She took two books and left … on the table. 15. He lost her watch, her pen and some … things. 16. Is there … train to Minsk this evening? – Yes, there is one that leaves at 9 pm and there are two … that leave early in the morning. 17. You are wet through.

Change into … clothes. 18. Give me … shoe, please. 19. I must put on … dress before going to the party. 20. Take this chair away and bring me … . 21. Have you any … books on this subject? – I am sorry, but there are no … . 22. Do give me … pen; any … will do. Exercise 48. Translate from Russian into English: 1.

Некоторые из нас поехали поездом, а другие полетели самолётом. 2. Я уже читал этот журнал. Дайте мне другой, пожалуйста. 3. Возьмите один из этих словарей, а я возьму другой. 4. Покажите мне несколько других книг. 5. У него две сестры, одна живёт в Москве, а другая в Минске. 6. Театр находится на другой стороне улицы.

7. Подождите немного. Я должен надеть другой пиджак. 8. Его дом на другом берегу реки. 9. Только два студента вашей группы сделали ошибки в тесте. Другие написали тест без ошибок. 10. Он живёт на другой стороне улицы. 11. Почему так мало студентов в классе? Где другие? 12. Дайте мне другой карандаш. QUANTIFIERS. Quantifiers are words or phrases like few, little, much,

many, plenty of etc. 1.Quantifiers combining with countable nouns answer How many? How many apples are there in the box? – There are a few (few). 2.Quantifiers combining with uncountable nouns answer How much? How much juice is there in the glass? – There is a little (little). 3. Quantifiers combining with uncountable or with countable nouns answer

How many or How much? How many apples are there in the box? – There are plenty. How much juice is there in the glass? – There is plenty. Exercise 49. Complete the sentences with much, many, a lot of: 1. The two sisters were very … alike. 2. There aren’t … hotels in our town. 3. The room is big; there is … room in it. 4. There were … people in the street and the car was unable

to pass. 5. I say, you have quite … books in your library. 6. I know the man has … money. 7. How … cases do you have? 8. Do you eat … bread? 9. Do you have … tourists in winter? 10. Try to do as … as possible. 11. Philip made so … noise that I couldn’t work. 12. We have lived in the same house for … years.

13. You will have to hurry. You haven’t … time. 14. There are … foreign tourists in London. 15. One day was very … alike there. Exercise 50. Insert much, many, little, few, a little or a few. 1. He had … English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books. 2. She gave him … water to wash his hands and face.

3. I’d like to say … words about my journey. 4. After the play everybody felt … tired. 5. Let’s stay here … longer: it is such a nice place. 6. There were … new words in the text, and Peter spent … time learning them. 7. There were … hay in the barn and the children couldn’t play there. 8. There was … water in the river, and they decided to cross it.

9. My mother knows German … and she can help you with the translation of this letter. 10. When we walked … farther down the road, we met another group of students. 11. Have you got … ink in your pen? 12. At the conference we met … people whom we knew well. 13. There are very … old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down. 14. If you have … spare time, look through this book.

You will find … stories there, which are rather interesting. 15. There are … things here, which I cannot understand. 16. Shall I bring … more chalk? – No, thank you. There is … chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson. Exercise 51. Insert much, many, little, few, a little, or a few 1.

I have … questions to ask. 2. Is there … furniture in your cottage? 3. Is there … fruit in the vase? 4. Is there … coffee in the pot? 5. Has he … or … free time? 6. There were so … people in the room that we couldn’t move. 7. She is a quiet person. She doesn’t say … . 8. I put … salt in my soup, perhaps, too … . 9. I don’t think Pat would be a good teacher. She’s got … patience with children.

10. There were … new books in the library. 11. James has got … work today. 12. Don’t put … milk into his coffee. 13. Is there … space in your room? – No, not very …. 14. This town isn’t very well-known and there isn’t … to see, so … tourists come here. 15. It cost me … money to furnish the room. 16. Is there … or … to learn by heart? 17. She has … beautiful dresses. 18. I know … English traditions.

19. Do you know … or … about the Celts? 20. She is so lonely. She has … friends. 21. She drinks … coffee and … tea. 22. We learn … new English words every day. 23. They learnt … information about this country. 24. There were … pictures on the wall. Exercise 52. Choose between much and many, (a) little and (a) few to use it in the following sentences:

1. Nowadays he was very busy and he saw … of his old friends. 2. I suggested that he should get … grapes and some bread. 3. Aunt Flora had … money while none of the other family had inherited as … as a pound. 4. He was so happily absorbed in the building of his house that events outside it affected him … . 5. My sister spends so … money on her clothes that she has none left for holidays.

6. My dear, I’m afraid I have not … news to convey but still there are … things I should like to add. 7. I began to miss London: it did not mean that I had … close friends there, for I have … friends, but I missed variety. 8. Tom has eaten so … that he can’t move. 9. Adeline has slept … last night and she had a headache.

10. She was glad to see me because I was English and she knew … English people. 11. My engagements were … and I was glad to accept the invitation. 12. He knew he was not a good teacher, and he intended to do … of that. 13. At the bar … men were discussing the coming elections in loud barking tones. 14. Virginia returned to England at the moment when … were leaving it.

15. I have so … things to do that I don’t know which to do first. 16. Last week there was so … rain that I was not able to go out. Exercise 53. 1. He doesn’t have … money. a) much; b) many; c) little; d) a little. 2. I would like … salt on my salad. a) a few; b) a little; c) few; d) many. 3. There are … students in this room, and there are … students in that one. a) little, many; b) much,

little; c) few, many; d) much, few. 4. There … bad news on television tonight. a) is too much; b) are too many; c) are few; d) are a few. 5. Have you got … information? a) any; b) few; c) a few; d) your. 6. There is no need to hurry. We have … time. a) any; b) little; c) a little; d) only a little. 7. I tried to do this only … times. a) plenty; b) few; c) little; d) a few. 8. There … furniture in the room. a) is too much; b) are too many; c) are few; d) are a few.

9. She wanted to serve some coffee to her guests, but she didn’t have … sugar. a) some; b) little; c) much; d) lot of. 10. There is always … traffic in the city centre at rush hour. a) a lot; b) few; c) much; d) many.