Militia

Militia (from an armour. militia — "army" or the name of a national home guard) — in the USSR, the Russian Federation, in Ukraine and in a number of other countries — the system of the state bodies concerning an executive branch. It is called to protect a life, health, the rights of citizens, interests of a society and the state. In modern Russia submits to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Problems(tasks) of this structure are numerous, they are adjusted(regulated)

by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the law « About militia », other federal laws and the international contracts. History Till now in the majority of the countries of the world, and before October revolution — and in Russia too, militia the armed formations intended for maintenance of the order, formed of volunteers and not a part of official system of the state law enforcement bodies referred

to. In imperial Russia groups of militia (in initial sense) were formed during large strikes, other mass actions against authority. After February revolution the case of gendarmes and department of police (the decision of Provisional government from March, 6th, 1917 and from March, 10th, 1917) have been liquidated. Then replacement of police « national militia » which has been created on the basis of the decision

« About the statement of militia » and « Time(Temporary) regulations about of militia » from April, 17th, 1917 has been proclaimed. Thus, "militia" created under the name system actually was police (public service of maintenance of the order). The name has been changed to emphasize affinity to interests of people and that the new organization did not associate with old police and the gendarmerie served by symbols of an old regime.

In parallel with the state national militia the groups of working militia created by local Advice(Councils) for maintenance of the order at mass actions and the organization of protection of the enterprises continued to be organized and exist. October revolution has cancelled all system of official bodies, including militia. At that time over the ruling clique of Russia was dominated with opinion, that the army and police

should be abolished, and their functions — are transferred(transmitted) to directly armed people (look Anarchy). The decree of People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs « About working militia » from October, 28th (on November, 10th on н. With.) 1917 [1] it has been established(installed): « All Advice(Councils) of working and soldier's deputies establish working militia.

The working militia is entirely and exclusively in charge of Advice(Council) of working and soldier's deputies, Military and civil authorities are obliged to promote(assist) arms of working militia and supply by its(her) technical forces down to supply by its(her) state weapon, the Present(True) law is put into operation on telegraph ».

This day (on November, 10th) [2] till now is marked(celebrated) in Russia as « Day of militia ». Having passed(having taken place) through a plenty of reorganization, the militia has existed till now, having kept both the name, and the basic functions. Thus, the militia has been founded, but militian bodies had no regular structure and were, actually, voluntary formations. About one year after that militias as the state organization, did not exist.

On places earlier existed formations of militia somewhere have been dismissed, somewhere are reorganized. Local Advice(Councils) created and supported(maintained) own militian groups. It has been very soon realized, that the system of protection of the law and order cannot exist and is effective function, being a set of amateur voluntary groups. In March, 1918 the commissioner of People's Commissariat of

Internal Affairs has brought the government a attention to the question on a reconstruction of militia as the state organization. On May, 10th, 1918 the board of People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs has accepted the order: « the Militia exists as constant staff(state) of the persons(faces) executing special duties, the organization of militia should be carried out irrespective of Red

Army, their functions should be strictly differentiated ». On its(his) basis organizational documents have been generated, the project of " workers and-peasants' militia » is made. On October, 21st, 1918 Instruction on the organizations of the Soviet workers and-peasants' militia ».

Functions of militia In « the Law on militia » following functions of militia are specified: a safety of the person, the prevention(warning) and suppression of crimes and administrative offences, revealing and disclosing of crimes, protection of a public order and maintenance of public safety, protection private(individual), state, municipal and other patterns of ownership, rendering assistance to physical and legal persons(faces) in protection of their rights and legitimate interests within the limits of.

Activity of militia is under construction according to principles of respect of the rights and freedom of the person and the citizen, legality, humanism, publicity. The militia is forbidden to resort to tortures, violence, reference(manipulation) another(others) severe or humiliating human advantage; application of the weapon, physical strength and спецсредств is supposed only in the special cases specified in the law. Also in the law «

About militia » it is spoken about equal human rights irrespective of a floor, race, a nationality, language, an origin, property and official position, a residence, the attitude(relation) to religion, belief, an accessory(a belonging) to public associations, and also other circumstances. the Attitude(Relation) of the population to militia in figures Per 2005 right after events in Blagoveshchensk interrogation, according to(agree) which [5] has been

lead: 41 % of Russians are afraid of representatives of law enforcement bodies more, than representatives of underworld; In Moscow the fear before militia is tested more than half of inhabitants (56 %); More than 80 % of Russians consider(count) very serious a problem of an arbitrariness and lawlessness of militia; 3 % interrogated have declared, that the problem of wrongful actions of law enforcement bodies in modern Russia does not exist; 59,4 % of participants of interrogation have declared, that

do not hope for the Russian legal proceedings.