The Algorithm of a Start and the Development of International Conflicts and Possible Ways of Their Solution

School 5. The Algorithm of a Startand the Development of International Conflicts and Possible Ways of TheirSolution. Composed by Michael Korolyov Teacher Altynova G.A. Ryazan, 2001 The humanity has come into the ThirdMillennium having lots of non - solved problems and one of the most difficultof them is the national one.

It appeared not only in developing countries African, Asian, South - American countries but in the civilized regions suchas Western Europe, North America and in the former socialist countries ofEastern Europe, that can hardly be referred to any of these groups. Every dayin world news reports we can see many examples of international conflicts.

Ulster, Kosovo, Chechnya, Palestine, Macedonian - these geographical names areknown by every person who watches TV or reeds newspapers and the wars there are becoming a true menace to international security.Thousands of people have already perished, millions of them have lost theirhomes - these are non - final results of this tragedy called separatism. Whatis it? What are the reasons for it? How we can stop it if we can ?

The aim ofmy work is to answer these questions.I have put forward the followingstatement as hypothesis the development of international conflicts is closelyconnected to the social and economic situation in the regions where theseconflicts take place. In my work I ll use some facts proving this connectionand explain the factors that influence the increasing level of ethical contradictions.The methods of getting the material used in my work are case study adapting

analysis making conclusions making comparisonsThe main source of informationfor me was Mass Media. I used the articles from the magazine Novoye Vremya 1992 -2000 . The articles contain facts related to different countries thathave ethnical problems. I also used the book by A. B. Krylov Separatism Moscow 1990 . And, of course, TV reports gave me a lot of information aboutpresent-day centers of separatism in theworld.

Separatism is a politicalmovement the aim of which is separation of a part of the territory from thewhole state and creating an independent state there or annexation it to anotherstate. It is based on the principle of national self - determination which iswrongly explained in the following way Each ethnical community should haveits own territory recognized by otherstates . But the explanation fixed in the world law consists in the right of ethnosisis to participation in

the widersocial and political process.Themain reasons for aggravating ethnical extremism are the periods of social andeconomic difficulties together with enforcing of socialand ethnical contradictions and low efficacy of the work of the authorities andpolice. We can see such situation in Yugoslavia and in the countries of theformer USSR in the 1990-s, in the republics of Africa after becoming independentand so on.

Such factors lead to increasing attempts to solve the conflicts withthe help of power both or the side of the existing authorities and oppositecommunities.Among the additional reasons are mutual territorial pretensionsof the ethnosises in the majority of conflicts struggle for power betweenethnical groups at the local, regional and national level Ulster, Kosovo, Chechnya and other nationalrepublics of

Russian Federation, Afghanistan economic backwardness ofmultiethnic countries Africa, Asia differences in language,traditions, customs, religion, cultural and political discrimination Ulstertill 1972, Kosovo, Bask s Land Spain ,Kathalony Spain and France , Kurdistan Iraq, Iran, Turkey The greatest centers of separatismhave their own local specifics which is similar in the countries of one area.

So it s possible to mark out 6 types of separatism.1. West - European . High socialmobilization here doesn t usually get out of the limits of civilized politicalstruggle except Ulster and Bask s land 2. East- European. This type is characterized by a great number of victims and interference of other countriesand organizations NATO, UNO, EC .3. Islamic . The opposite sides here belong to one religious and cultural

basis Islam .The typical example is the war in Kurdistan, the territory of which is nowdevided between 4 countries.4. Asian. The centers of separatism here are noted for many people. Forexample in Indian states Jamey andCashmere the number of victims is 37000 people, in Ceylon - more then 32000 inPhilippines - 5. African. The ethnicalconflicts there appeared after colonial countries had left this region.

Thewars in Rwanda, democratic republic Congo and in other countries became theexamples of unfounded cruelty and caused the death of millions of people.6. American. Ethnical conflicts here are not so wide spread . Themost famous example is Quebec, but thestruggle for independence there is only political.Thus we can see that the start andthe development of ethnical conflicts are influenced by geographical,

socialand economic factors. Understanding this influence can lead to making up ofrecommendations to prevent suchproblems. I ll mention some of them.Firstly, we should distinctly definethe limits of the using of military power. This power shouldn t be used toprotect political or economic interests of some ethnical structures.Secondly, the UNO should declare thestruggle against separatism as one of the most important tasks in itsactivities. This struggle may include working out of international laws, economic

help tomultyethnical countries.Thirdly, developed countries shouldassign money to stable social and economic situation in the developing statesbecause the problem of ethnical separatism is a threat to security in the wholeworld.And the last, global and especiallylocal cooperation between different countries should be extended not onlybecause the whole world community is able to find away out of ethnicalconflicts but also because the process of world integration can make theappearance of separatism senseless.