Mathematics as a science

Mathematics as a science, viewed as a whole, is a collection of
branches.

The largest branch is that which builds on the ordinary whole
numbers, fractions, and irrational numbers, or what, collectively, is called
the real number system.

Arithmetic, algebra, the study of functions, the calculus,
differential equations, and various other subjects which follow the calculus in
logical order are all developments of the real number system.

This part of mathematics is termed the mathematics of number.

A second branch is geometry consisting of several geometries.

Mathematics contains many more divisions.

Each branch has the same logical structure: it begins with certain
concepts, such as the whole numbers or integers in the mathematics of number,
and such as point, line and triangle in geometry.

These concepts must verify explicitly stated axioms.

Some of the axioms of the mathematics of number are the
associative, commutative, and distributive properties and the axioms about
equalities.

Some of the axioms of geometry are that two points determine a
line, all right angles are equal, etc.

From the concepts and axioms theorems are deduced.

Hence, from the standpoint of structure, the concepts, axioms and
theorems are the essential components of any compartment of mathematics.

We must break down mathematics into separately taught subjects,
but this compartmentalization taken as a necessity, must be compensated for as
much as possible.

Students must see the interrelationships of the various areas and
the importance of mathematics for other domains.

Knowledge is not additive but an organic whole and mathematics is
an inseparable part of that whole.

The full significance of mathematics can be seen and taught only
in terms of its intimate relationships to other fields of knowledge.

If mathematics is isolated from other provinces, it loses
importance.

Список литературы

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