What is
Fashion
Every day, people
wake up and wonder what they are going to wear. The suit and tie? The fast-food smock? Do we ever really think about
why we go to all this trouble, or are we clueless? Why does fashion exist?
People use fashion
to present themselves to the public eye. What
we wear is an image of what we want the world to see.
Fashion exists to provide information about ourselves,
who we think we are and who we aspire to be. It defines our age, our sex, our
occupation and often, our ethnicity. A man walks down the street in a business
suit -- and we gather information about him. A young girl wears a tank top and
short pink skirt -- and we form an impression of her.
Fashion has evolved over the centuries. In cultures
that wear few clothes, body paint is used as a substitute. In some cultures,
the powerful decide what everyone wears. They use laws to mark off different
segments of society from each other.
Today we tend to dress based on the way clothes appeal
to our personal taste. If we like it, we like it. If we don't, we don't. We
chose our style to express our personality. It's nice to be cool and to dress
with the times. But let's be serious, what's cool now is probably going to look
silly in a few years.
***
Fashion is something we deal with everyday. Even
people who say they don't care what they wear choose clothes every morning that
say a lot about them and how they feel that day.
One certain thing
in the fashion world is change. We are
constantly being bombarded with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books,
and television. Movies also have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold
more sunglasses after the movie Men In Black. Sometimes a trend is world-wide.
Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley.
Who dictates fashion?
Musicians and other cultural icons have always
influenced what we're wearing, but so have political figures and royalty.
Newspapers and magazines report on what Hillary Clinton wears. The recent death
of Diana, the Princess of Wales, was a severe blow to the high fashion world,
where her clothes were daily news.
Even folks in the 1700s pored over fashion magazines
to see the latest styles. Women and dressmakers outside the French court relied
on sketches to see what was going on. The famous French King Louis XIV said
that fashion is a mirror. Louis himself was renowned for his style, which
tended towards extravagant laces and velvets.
Clothes separate people into groups.
Fashion is revealing. Clothes reveal what groups
people are in. In high school, groups have names: "goths, skaters, preps,
herbs." Styles show who you are, but they also create stereotypes and
distance between groups. For instance, a businessman might look at a boy with
green hair and multiple piercings as a freak and outsider. But to another
person, the boy is a strict conformist. He dresses a certain way to deliver the
message of rebellion and separation, but within that group, the look is
uniform. Acceptance or rejection of a style is a reaction to the society we
live in.
Fashion is a language which tells a story about the
person who wears it. "Clothes create a wordless means of communication
that we all understand," according to Katherine Hamnett, a top British
fashion designer. Hamnett became popular when her t-shirts with large messages
like "Choose Life" were worn by several rock bands.
There are many reasons we wear what we wear.
Protection from cold, rain and snow: mountain climbers
wear high-tech outerwear to avoid frostbite and over-exposure. Physical
attraction: many styles are worn to inspire "chemistry." Emotions: we
dress "up" when we're happy and "down" when we're upset.
Religious
expression: Orthodox Jewish men wear long black suits and Islamic women cover
every part of their body except their eyes. Identification and tradition:
judges wear robes, people in the military wear uniforms, brides wear long white
dresses. Fashion is big business. More people are involved in the buying,
selling and production of clothing than any other business in the world.
Everyday, millions of workers design, sew, glue, dye, and transport clothing to
stores. Ads on buses, billboards and magazines give us ideas about what to
wear, consciously, or subconsciously. Clothing
can be used as a political weapon. In nineteenth century England, laws
prohibited people from wearing clothes produced in France. During twentieth
century communist revolutions, uniforms were used to abolish class and race
distinctions.
Fashion is an
endless popularity contest.
High fashion is the
style of a small group of men and women with a certain taste and authority in
the fashion world. People of wealth and position, buyers for major department
stores, editors and writers for fashion magazines are all part of Haute Couture
("High Fashion" in French). Some of these expensive and often
artistic fashions may triumph and become the fashion for the larger majority.
Most stay on the runway.
Popular fashions
are close to impossible to trace. No one can tell how the short skirts and
boots worn by teenagers in England in 1960 made it to the runways of Paris, or
how blue jeans became so popular in the U.S., or how hip-hop made it from the
streets of the Bronx to the Haute Couture fashion shows of London and Milan.
It's easy to see
what's popular by watching sit-coms on television: the bare mid-riffs and
athletic clothes of 90210, the baggy pants of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. But
the direction of fashion relies on "plugged-in" individuals to react
to events, and trends in music, art and books.
"In the perspective of costume history, it is
plain that the dress of any given period is exactly suited to the actual
climate of the time." according to James Laver, a noted English costume
historian. How did bell-bottom jeans fade into the designer jeans and boots
look of the 1980s into the baggy look of the 1990s? Nobody really knows.
Once identified, fashions begin to change.
Список
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