Lessons 1-2 nice to meet you

Міністерство освіти і науки України Сумський державний університетENGLISH REVISION COURSE. STUDENT’S BOOK Методичні вказівки та завдання для організації аудиторної та самостійної роботи студентів інженерних та економічних спеціальностей денної форми навчання в І семестріСуми Вид-во СумДУ 2007 English revision course. Student’s book. Методичні вказівки та завдання для організації аудиторної та самостійної роботи студентів інженерних та економічних спеціальностей денної форми навчання в І семестрі / Укладачі: Н.І. Муліна, С.Г. Золотова. – Суми: Вид-во СумДУ, 2007.Кафедра іноземних мов^ LESSONS 1-2 NICE TO MEET YOU EVERYDAY ENGLISH Read and act the dialogues outTom: Dad, let me introduce my friend. This is Bob. Bob, this is my father, Mr. Wilson.Mr. Wilson: How are you, Bob? Nice to meet you.Bob: Fine, thanks. Nice to meet you too, Mr. Wilson. 2 ^ Bill: Bob, this is my friend Tom. Tom, this is Bob.Bob: Hi. Nice to meet you.Tom: Nice to meet you, too.Bill: Bob is in your group, Tom.Tom: Good. Let’s go now. See you later, Bill.Bob: Okay. Goodbye, Bill.Bill: Bye. See you later. 3 Paola Hello. My name's Paola. Kurt Hello, Paola. I'm Kurt P Where are you from? K I'm from Switzerland. And you? Where are you from?P I'm from Rome.K Ah! I'm from Zurich.P Zurich is very beautiful.K Yes, it is. GRAMMAR ^ Article (general issues) The Noun (Sg./Pl.; 's;) The Order of WordsThe Pronouns (Personal, Possessives, Reflexive, Demonstrative)to be to have/have got The ArticlePrincipal Issues A a/an singular, countable nouns (a thing or an idea) mentioned for the first time There is a supermarket in Adam Street. B the singular and plural, countable and uncountable (the thing and idea) mentioned before I'm going to the supermarket. Do you want anything? ^ Indefinite Article C a/an with professions She is an architect. D a/an some expressions of quantity A pair of (shoes), a couple of, a few, a little, a hundred, three times a day E a/an in exclamations with a countable noun What a lovely day! ^ Definite Article F the before oceans, seas, rivers, hotels, restaurants, theatres, museums, newspapers the Atlantic, the Times, the Ritzbut _-_McDonald's G the if there is only one the sun, the Queen, the capital of H the with superlative adjectives the biggest, the richest No Article I - thing in general _-_ Cows like _-_ grass. J - countries*, towns, streets, languages, meals, airports, stations, mountains* Great Britain, but *the USA, Sumy, Oxford Street, English, have breakfast, Heathrow, Paddington Station, Everest, but *the Carpathians K - before some places and with some forms of transport at school/work/home, go to bedby car/bus/train, on foot L - in exclamations with an uncountable noun What beautiful weather! ^ Nouns in Plural 1 book books 2 bus buses 3 county countries 4 child children pen pens church churches boy boys woman women bush bushes person people bridge bridges foot feet ^ The Pronouns Person Personal Possessive Reflexive Nom.case Obj.case Conjoint Absolute I/sg. I me my mine myself II/sg. you you your yours yourself III/sg. he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself I/pl. we us our ours ourselves II/pl. you you your yours yourselves III/pl. they them their theirs themselves ^ Demonstrative Pronouns Distance Sg. Pl. Close this these Far that those ^ 1 Read the text and find examples of the use of articles. My uncle is a shopkeeper. He has a shop in a small village by the Thames near Oxford. The shop sells almost everything from bread to newspapers. It is also the post office. The children always stop to spend a few pence on sweets or ice-cream on their way to and from school. My uncle doesn't often leave the village. He doesn't have a car, so once a month he goes by bus to Oxford and has lunch at the Grand Hotel. He is one of the happiest men I know.2 Fill in the gaps with 'to be'. We ________ students. My computer ______ new. I _______ a businessman. Arnold Schwarzenegger _________ strong. Nick and Bob ______ at the conference.3 Fill in the gaps with a proper pronoun. a) 1. This is my book. - The book is _______. These are _______ shoes. - These shoes are his. We have many friends. - These friends are _______. Tell her not to forget ____ notebooks. Can you lend me _____ (свій) dictionary? _______ (мій) is not good enough. b) 1. I will ask him _______. She always answers the letters _________. The boys are hiding __________ in the bushes. He doesn't like to tell about ________. We want to do it ______.^ Word Order Statement Question subject auxiliary / modal verb full verb question word(s) auxiliary / modal verb subject You are watching… → Are you…? Are you watching TV? Tom can speak… → Can Tom…? Can Tom speak French? She - plays… → What does she…? What does she play? ^ Subject questions Who is watching…? Who is watching TV? Who can speak…? Who can speak French? Who - plays…? Who plays the piano? ^ 4 Put the words in the correct order. a) policeman from is John a New York ________________________________. b) married sister is your? ________________________________________________? c) mountains sister skiing goes the in my _________________________________. d) isn’t coffee nice English very _____________________________________. e) your what name teacher’s is? _____________________________________? f) surname how spell do your you? _____________________________________? g) often weekends go I at swimming ___________________________.FUNCTION ^ HOW TO START A CONVERSATION 1 A Hello, Mary. How are you? B Fine, thank you. And you? A I'm OK, thanks. 2 A Hi, Dave. How are you? B Not bad, thanks. And you? A Very well. How are the family? B They're fine. ^ HOW TO TAKE AN INTERVIEW 1 Here is an interview with Emma. Complete the interviewer's part using the verb "to be".Interviewer Hello, Emma. Thank you for agreeing to do this interview, especially as I believe you're studying for your exams at the moment.Emma Yes, I am. But I'm happy to do the interview.Interviewer Now, the questions. First of all .................................................?^ Emma Oxford, in England.Interviewer Where do you live?Emma At home with my mother. You see, my parents are divorced.Interviewer Ah! I'm sorry about that ..........................................................?Emma Yes, I have. I've got a brother.Interviewer ............................................................?^ Emma No, he's younger. He's twelve.Interviewer And…………………………………..?Emma Well, he's either playing football or watching TV. That's what he always does after school.Interviewer And where does he live?Emma He lives in Scotland, near Edinburgh.Interviewer Do you often see him?Emma Well, we see him quite often. We spend every school holiday with him.Interviewer Now a final question, Emma……………………………………………?Emma I listen to music, especially pop music.Interviewer That's great, Emma. I've got all the information I need. Thank you very much.2 Work with a partner. Write a similar dialogue about yourself. ^ LESSON 3 FAMILY TIES VOCABULARY AND READING 1 You are going to read a passage about family ties. Before reading look at the box and guess the meaning of the following words.extended family in-laws nephew niece generation nuclear family divorce single parent family blended family^ 2 Read the text and find if your guesses were correct. There have been great changes in the make-up of families over the last 100 years. In the past, parents, their children, and their children's children often lived together in an extended family. In some places, this extended family even included relatives by marriage, called in-laws, as well as the sons and daughters of brothers and sisters, in other words, nephews and nieces. Nowadays, in many countries, the extended family is no longer very common. Instead only two generations, parents and children, live together. This is called a nuclear family. Even the nuclear family is becoming less common in the United States, where because of factors such as divorce, the ending of the marriage, there are an increasing number of single parent families, or families with only a mother or only a father. In addition, another kind of family called a blended family is appearing. This is when two people who have been married and have children remarry, and both groups of children live together.^ 3 Speak in pairs what family type you live in.GRAMMAR There + be Some Any Few Little A Few A Little ^ 1 Circle the right answer There ____ a large table in my room. is b) are There ____ three windows in the classroom. is b) are There ____ a table and four chairs in my sister’s room. is b) are There ___ a thick carpet on the floor. is b) are There ___ many children in the park yesterday. are b) were There ___ anybody in the kitchen. was not b) was ___ there any tea in the tea-pot? is b) are What ___ there in the box? is b) are2 Fill in the gaps with some, any, no, and their derivatives. There are ______ mistakes in his dictation. Are there _______ pencils in the pencil-box? Can you give me _______ idea of what your dog looked like? _______ schoolboy knows it. If you see ______ interesting picture there, tell me. _________ has happened to him. Does _____ else want to go? ________ can do that. Is there _______ else you want to know? She doesn’t want _____. ______ in the world could please him. _____ will do it better than you.3 Choose the right answer There were ____ books on the shelf. a) few b) little She has got ____ friends. a) many b) much There was ____ trouble with him. a) many b) much — There is very (1) _____ traffic in our streets, isn’t there? — Yes, there are very (2) ____ cars in our streets. a) few b) little I see _____ pears in the tree. a) a little b) a few FUNCTION ^ JIGSAW LISTENING / READING 1 Divide into two groups.Group A: Listen to / read text A (page 26). David Snow is talking about his daughter, Jackie.Group B: Listen to / read text B (page 28). Jackie, David Snow's daughter, is talking about her life in London.2 Write answers to the questionsGroup A Does David Snow have a good reason to be worried about his daughter?_____ yes _____ no What are his main worries about?____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ ____________________ ______________________Group B Does Jackie Snow enjoy living separately?_____ yes ___ no What are the advantages of living without parents in her opinion?____________________ _____________________ _____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ______________________3 Answer the following questions:Group A from David Snow's point of view.Group B from Jackie's point of view. Why did Jackie come to London? Where is she living? Who is she living with? What's she doing in London? What does her boyfriend do? What does she do at the weekend? What does she think of living in London? What does she think of her parents? How often does she keep in touch?4 Discuss your relations with parents.LESSON 4 ^ DESCRIBING PEOPLE READING 1 Think of someone in your family. Write three sentences about them. Read your sentences aloud to the rest of the class.2 Which relative did you choose? Why did you choose that person? Did you write about their character, appearance, or both?^ 3 Read the description of Aunt Emily. My Aunt Emily Of all my relatives, I like my Aunt Emily the best. She’s my mother’s youngest sister. She has never married, and she lives alone in a small village near Bath. She’s in her late fifties, but she is still quite young in spirit. She has a fair complexion, thick brown hair which she wears in a bun, and dark brown eyes. She has a kind face, and when you meet her, the first thing you notice is her lovely, warm smile. Her face is a little wrinkled now, but I think she is still rather attractive. She is the sort of person you can always go to if you have a problem. She likes reading and gardening, and she goes for long walks over the hills with her dog, Buster. She’s a very active person. Either she’s making something, or mending something, or doing something to help others. She does the shopping for some of old people in the village. She’s extremely generous, but not very tolerant with people who don’t agree with her. I hope that I am as happy and contented as she is when I’m her age.^ 4 Go through the text again and underline like this:__________the parts which describe her physical appearance_ _ _ _ _ _ _ the parts which describe her character. . . . . . . . . . the parts which describe her habits.5 Find the following words quite, a little, rather, very, extremely. How do they change the meaning of the adjectives which follow them?6 Find in the text the words and word combinations with the opposite meaning: blended family - blue eyed - dark-skinned - grim - fair haired - young-looking face ugly - lazy - mean - intolerant - sad - miserable - GRAMMAR ^ The Present Simple Tense Positive IWeYouThey study English at university. Negative don't study Subject question Who studies English at university? ^ Special questions Where do Iweyouthey study English? What at university? Positive HeSheIt studies English at university. Negative doesn't study Subject question Who studies English at university? ^ Special questions Where does hesheit study English? What at university? ^ Adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple Tense never rarely / seldom not often sometimes often / frequently usually always I usually go to the university by bus. Usually I go to the university by bus (usually). She doesn't often see her parents. Sometimes she goes hiking with friends (sometimes). He never eats meat. They travel abroad every summer. She is always busy. 1 Open the brackets Big cars _______ (make) a lot of noise. I _____ (not / live) in Moscow. I ______ (live) in Sumy. Classical music _____ (calm) me. They ______ (not / come) from Poland.They ______ (come) from Slovakia. He _______ (work) from Monday to Friday. She ______ (not / work) at weekends. I ______ (not / phone) to my friend very often. His parents ______ (write) him every week. The shop _____ (open) at 8.00 every day. I _____ (play) the piano.2 Say as in the ModelsModel 1: We stay in the Hilton, but Jane stays at her friend's. I like to watch films, but Tom _______ to watch football. We spend our free time in the town, but he ______ his holidays in the country. You have dinner at home, but he ______ dinner at the canteen. I use Pentium 4, and she ______ Pentium 3. Kate and Davis earn by painting and Peter ______ by singing.Model 2: I play tennis, but I don't play hockey. I wear T-shirts, but I _________ blouses. Ukrainians eat borshch, but they _______ frogs. We use computers, but we ________ an abacus any more. You see one side of the Moon, but you _______ the other side. They often meet at weekends, but they _______ on holidays.Model 3: John knows English well, but he doesn't know French at all. She plays Ping-Pong, but she ________ tennis. William wants to be a manager, but he ________ to study much. Dale often buys presents to his son, but he ______ many sweets. Mr. Hay gets up at 6 a.m. on Mondays, but he __________ so early at weekends. It often rains in Britain, but it ______ in Egypt.^ FREE SPEAKING ACTIVITY 1 Read the text, and try to remember it. Dave Carter’s my best friend. We met when we were five years old because our parents were friends and we went to the same school. He works in a different city now, so I only see him at weekends and during the holidays. He’s important to me because he knows me so well. We have a really good laugh together and we enjoy the same things – football, clubbing, girls, the usual stuff*. When I’m feeling down* or when I need to talk to somebody, I can always call him. Recently, I had girlfriend problems and he was great – he’s really a good listener. He just lets speak and he listens. But he isn’t perfect! He’s always late for everything and he never says sorry. Never! The last time I saw him last weekend. He arranged to meet at four o’clock to play football, and he arrived at half past six! It was nearly dark! Oh, well, nobody’s perfect, are they? He’s still a really good mate. * to feel down = to be upset, sad * the usual stuff = the usual thing2 Write a similar description of a famous person in about 100 words but don't say who it is. Include the following: your opinion of the person, physical description, his character, habits, likes and dislikes. ^ Get ready to tell your groupmates your story. Let them guess who it is.FUNCTION HOW TO WRITE AN INFORMAL LETTER R E ead the personal letter below. Study its structure and label the components. DABC_ FG ___ signature ____ addressing ____ the postcode ____ the date ____ the number of the building ____ final polite phrase___ ____ your address LESSONS 5 – 6 Get ready for your writing Test 1. Use evaluation exercises to find out how much progress you have made in Lessons 1 – 4.LESSON 7 AT UNIVERSITY VOCABULARY AND LISTENING LISTENING 1 Listen to Rob and Maggie talking about their studying. Insert R if the information is about Rob and M if it's about Maggie. .… studies languages. … comes from Australia.… lives in a castle. … knows Italian. … combines studying and job.… is a third-year student. LISTENING 2 1 You are going to listen to some conversations. Look at the words in the box and guess what the speakers will talk about.Academic vocational freshman administration sophomorelicense faculty advisor degree junior senior adult education major/minor electives core courses cumulative grade point average^ 2 Listen to the conversations and write the answers to the questions.Conversation 1: What do we call a student who has just started high school or college?________________________________________________________ What are second, third, and fourth year students called?________________________________________________________Conversation 2: What do students receive at the end of their studies?________________________________________________________Conversation 3: What are the teachers of a school called?_______________________________________________________ Who ranks higher than teachers in a school?_______________________________________________________ What is the special teacher who is assigned to help each student called?_______________________________________________________Conversation 4: What kind of schools are colleges and universities?_______________________________________________________ What other kinds of schools are there?_______________________________________________________Conversation 5: What are the courses like math, science, and English that all students have to take called?_______________________________________________________ What are the courses that students can choose called?_______________________________________________________Conversation 6: What are the subjects a student emphasizes most and second most in college called?_______________________________________________________Conversation 7: What do the letters GPA stand for?_______________________________________________________^ 3 Compare your answers with your partner. Now listen again and check.FOR FUN There are as many different ways of learning a language as there are language learners. However, it is possible to identify four main types. The purpose of this questionnaire is to help you identify which type you are most like and also to help you think about other ways of learning you might want to try.WHAT LANGUAGE LEARNING TYPE ARE YOU? 1 Are you someone who wants to know grammar rules? doesn't worry about grammar? 2 When you are reading, do you usually . look up the exact meaning of new words? work out roughly what a new word means? 3 When you are speaking, do you. use phrases you've learnt by heart? try out new ways of saying things? 4 For you a word usually has one clear meaning. different meanings in different situations. 5 Are you more interested in business English? literature? 6 Are you more interested in passing examinations? being able to say what you want? 7 Do you listen more to a ) someone's exact words? b) the sound of their voice?If you chose more (a)s than (b)s, do the A questions.If you chose more (b)s than (a)s, do the B questions.A 1 Do you choose the answers to questions rather carefully? without thinking a lot? 2 Do you always finish homework on time? sometimes finish homework late? 3 Do you feel better when you finish a piece of work? still have time to finish it? 4 Which is more important when studying, being organized? being able to change? 5 Are you more comfortable with activities which are clearly limited? open-ended? 6 When working with other learners, do you plan carefully before you start? decide what to do as you go along? 7 Do you like it more when the whole class does the same activity? you work in small groups? If you chose more (a)s than (b)s, read 'The worker’. If you chose more (b)s than (a)s, read The player’.B 1 A mistake is when you break the rules. people don't understand you. 2 Do you judge users of English by how accurate they are? how well they express themselves? 3 When you listen, is it important to understand every word? what the speaker means? 4 When you are speaking, do you try and remember the rules? say what you feel? 5 Other people's mistakes should be corrected. are not important 6 Which is more important, describing facts? expressing feelings? 7 The good language learner is someone who never makes mistakes. doesn't worry about making mistakes. If you chose more (a)s than (b)s, read 'The thinker’. If you chose more (b)s than (a)s, read 'The Feeler’.^ The worker The worker is someone who: likes organization and planning; enjoys doing exercises and drills; would like to work with the teacher all the time; has good study habits, is punctual and is good at homework; is comfortable with facts and routine likes doing tests and being corrected prefers writing to discussion or drama dislikes doing project work; dislikes playing games or working in small groups.^ The player The player Is someone who: likes being with people and enjoys va­riety and change; prefers listening and speaking to reading and writing; prefers playing games and working in groups to writing exercises; prefers competition and excitement to practice and homework; prefers trying lots of different activities to doing long projects; enjoys participating and performing; hates doing the same thing lesson after lesson; would like to do different things all the time.^ The thinker The thinker is someone who: wants to know why and is always looking for rules and principles; works independently and learns from individual study; enjoys listening to lectures and doing projects and longer written work; is very hard-working and always, wants to get things right; prefers reading to taking part in discussions or group activities; likes getting feedback from the teacher; sometimes does not complete work and is often dissatisfied with it as it may not be perfect; would like to know everything there is to know.^ The feeler The feeler is someone who: is good at and enjoys learning languages; loves interacting and group and pair work; is interested in talking about emotions and personal topics; enjoys being with people and learns through cooperation; prefers taking part in discussions to studying rules and doing exercises; likes reading, role-play and drama; is very sensitive to criticism and needs individual feedback; prefers speaking to writing.^ GRAMMAR The Present Continuous Tense Positive and negative I am playing in the yard. am not He She It is is not We You They are are not Subject question Who is playing in the yard? Special questions Where is he playing? There are some groups of verbs that are never used in the Present Continuous. The Present Simple is used with these verbs, because they mean states or conditions, i.e. facts – not activities. ^ Verbs of thinking and opinion think* understand see suppose mean imagine believe know recognize realize remember forget agree doubt expect deserve Verbs of emotions and feelinglike prefer dislike want hate wish love care hope ^ Verbs of sensessee* hear smell taste* feel Verbs of having and being have* possess contain include belong to seem sound owe own weigh cost deserve depend on need be resemble * verbs can be used in the Present Continuous with the difference in meaningNote spelling of verb + -ing help – helping come – coming play – playing get – getting go - going write - writing stay – staying plan - planning build – building have - having try - trying dig - digging show - showing *lie - lying swim - swimming 1 Open the brackets Do you hear? Someone (to knock) ____________ at the door. He (to work) ____________ at the moment. He (to talk) ____________ on the phone. He (to arrive) ____________ tomorrow morning. I (to drive) ____________ along this country road. We (to get) ____________ ready for our exams. They (to look) ____________ for a new house. The ship (to cross) ____________ an ocean now. The tourists (to go) ____________ to a big city. We (to fly) ____________ to Paris in the morning.2 Make the sentences in Ex.1 negative and ask questions to get more information.FUNCTION ^ HOW TO FILL IN A FORM 1 Study the chart. Match a line in (a) with a line in (b). a b c Are you married or single? What do you do in your free time? What's your phone number? What's your first name? What do you do? Where were you born? When were you born? What's your family name? What degrees, diplomas, certificates, etc. do you have? Where do you live? ^ First nameSurnameDate of BirthPlace of BirthPermanent AddressMarital StatusOccupationQualificationsHobbies/InterestsTel. no. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Fill in (c) with the information about yourself.3 Speak about your study at University.^ LESSON 8 LEARNING ENGLISH READING AND SPEAKING Read the text. Discuss the steps described and say what is the best way to learn English in your opinion. Now to learn English, you have to follow some steps, which are not very difficult if you know how to handle them. First, becoming friends with people speaking English, you have to get used to their customs. Although accepting some of their customs, such as eating junk food, watching too much TV, and living together before marriage, is very difficult, little by little you’ll get used to these foreign practices if you convince yourself that you need English-speaking friends. Second, reading different newspapers and magazines in English will help you a lot. If you read every day, find new words and write them in your notebook, and try to use them when talking to your friends, you’ll see how much your English progresses in just a few months. Third, listening to the radio and watching TV are among the most important things you can do. I think watching TV at least an hour a day is necessary, because it is much easier to understand than radio. Fortunately, there are many different channels on TV, which gives you the chance to choose your favourite program. In my opinion, the best program on TV is the news. Also, there are many different shows and movies to choose from; they will help you too. Fourth, and most important of all, is self-confidence: don’t be embarrassed about making a mistake. The point is to talk and practice; therefore, you should not be shy and afraid of talking to Americans. When you make a mistake, you have to try to correct yourself. You may have a lot of problems, but you have to be patient and face your problems and solve them courageously. And that is how to learn English.^ GRAMMAR The Present Simple vs. Present Continuous 1 Tick the correct sentence 1. a) It's raining heavily today.b) It rains heavily today. 2. a)I'm going to Bath next week.b) I go to Bath next week. 3. a)How many languages do you speak?b) How many languages are you speaking? 4. a) Jane works eight hours a day.b) Jane is working eight hours a day. 5. a) It's often snowing in Canada.b) It often snows in Canada. 6. a)Millions of tourists visit London every year.b) Millions of tourists are visiting London every year.2 Underline the right verb-form. Jeff lives / is living in an expensive part of London. The river Thames is flowing / flows through London. Sarah will get an exam soon, so she is working / works very hard at the moment. He isn’t smoking / doesn’t smoke as a rule. Your children are growing up/ grow up very quickly. I never drink / am drinking whisky. This firm is selling / sells its goods overseas. Computers are becoming / become more and more important in our lives. FUNCTION ^ HOW TO MAKE A TELEPHONE CALL 1 Listen to the dialogue and say how many people are talking over the telephone.2 Read the dialogue and study how it is organized. carol: Hello, seven one three, four double seven. emma: Hello. Is that Carol? This is Emma. carol: Hi there. Do you want to speak to Simon? emma: Is he in? carol: I think so. Hang on a minute. simon: Hi, Emma. emma: Hi, Simon. How are you? Listen. I think I can get a tennis court for Wednesday afternoon. Would you like to play? simon: Yeah, I'd love to. I've got a meeting that afternoon, but it should be over by five. emma: Shall I book it for five thirty then? simon: That would be fine.^ 3 Notice these common expressions on the telephone. A Hello! B Hello. Could I speak to Barry Perkins, please? A Speaking. (= I am Barry Perkins.) B Ah, hello. This is Jane Gardener. (NOT I'm or Here is…) A Can I have extension 366, please? B Hold the line, please. I'm putting you through. A Can I speak to Mrs. Barrett, please? B I'm afraid she's out at the moment. Can I take a message? A Yes. Can you ask her to give me a ring? I'll give you my number. A Can I speak to Mr. Bray, please? B I'm afraid his line is busy at the moment. Would you like to hold? A No. I'll phone back later.^ LESSON 9 THEN AND NOW LISTENING AND SPEAKING 1 You are going to listen to four people describing how they learn vocabulary. Find out what they do to remember new words better.Speaker 1 ________________________Speaker 2 ________________________ Speaker 3 ________________________ Speaker 4 ________________________2 Now discuss with your partner the way you learn new vocabulary.^ GRAMMAR The Past Simple Tense Positive I He She It We You They playedsaw footballa car in the yard. did not playsee footballa car in the yard. Negative ^ Subject question Who playedsaw football a car in the yard. ^ Special questions Where did I He She It We You They playsee football?a car? 1 Underline the right form of the verb. Last Tuesday I get up / got up at half past 6. My mother always takes / took a bus to get to work, but yesterday she takes / took a trolleybus. I have / had dinner with my family yesterday. One of my brothers makes / made a European tour last summer. Queen Elizabeth II is / was born in 1926. Yesterday my father doesn't read / didn't read newspapers because he is / was very busy. He spends / spent last summer in the county. (to spend) My mother cooks / cooked well. She cooks / cooked a very tasty dinner yesterday. Maria and Pierre Curie discover / discovered radium. He lives / lived in London from 1970 to 1973. Then he moves / moved to Manchester.2 Use one of the verbs to fill each gap. Put the verbs in the Past Simple.fall find spend lose need hurt laugh take leave save celebrate can'tGary Smith yesterday celebrated his 18th birthday, but he's lucky to be alive. In March this year, he was climbing Ben Nevis, Britain's highest mountain, when he (a) _________ his way and (b) __________ three days in sub-zero temperatures. 'My friends (c) __________ at me for having so much survival equipment, but it (d) ___________ my life on the first night'. The weather was so bad that it tore his new mountain tent to pieces, so he moved into a Youth Hostel for the night. He (e) ___________ the hostel at 10.00 the next morning, but he was soon in trouble. 'I (f) __________ off a rock and (g) ___________my knees. I (h) ______________ move.' Mountain rescue teams went out to look for Gary, and (i) ___________ him at 1.00 in the morning. A helicopter (j) ____________ him to hospital, where he (k0 ___________ several operations. 'Next time I'll go with my friends, not on my own!' he joked.READING ^ 1 Gloria Spitz, who is English, describes how she met her American husband, Hank, in the 1940s. Complete the text using the words in the box. time we danced didn't talk was very worried our lives changed I couldn't look at him gave us chocolates came back for me'Well, I was sixteen. It was 1942 and my mother and I lived in a small village in the country. My father wasn't there. He was away in the war. 'Suddenly, on 26th January, (a)___________________ Hundreds of American soldiers, GIs*, came to the village. Ooh! We girls in the village loved them! They were so different from English boys. They talked to us. They (b)________________________ about cars and football. They (c) ___________________ and nylon stockings. Every day was like Christmas Day! 'And the way they danced! Oh, they danced like in the films. I met Hank at the Saturday dance. I think I fell in love the first (d)______________. I was so shy that (e)_________________________, but he took me to the dance every Saturday after that. He told me he loved shy English girls. My mother (f)__________________. We didn't know American people then. "In 1943 Hank went to France, but we wrote to each other. We wrote for two years and at the end of the war he (g)_________________________. He took me to the States, to his home in Arizona. Well, now we have four children and twelve grandchildren!' *GI – stands for Government Issue Am. Soldier2 Bring some photos of your parents or grandparents. Get ready to tell how they met.LESSON 10 FROM NINE TILL FIVE ^ EVERYDAY ENGLISH Read the dialogues, say where they take place. Act the dialogues. A: Is that a new painting? Seventeen century, isn’t it? B: Yes, I bought it last week. Is not an original, though! A: Can you imagine living in those days? B: Yes, I’m sure life was tough without electricity, telephones, washing machines… A: And I bet it used to take days just to travel from one place to another. B: Yeah, imagine – no cars, trains or planes, just coaches. A: At least there was no pollution in those days. B: That’s true. Rivers were clean, and the air was pure. A: You know, maybe life wasn’t so bad back then, after all! A: How was your trip to the USA, Alice? B: It was fantastic. We had a great time, thanks. A: What was it like? B: It was out of this world. Here! Take a look at the photos. A: Wow! Did you really go on the rollercoaster*? B: Yes, it was great! Haven’t you ever been on a rollercoaster? A: Yes, but that was years ago. I haven’t been on one nice since then. B: You know what you should do? A: What? B: Get a ticket to Sea World as soon as you can. A: I think you are right. I haven’t been on holiday for years. B: Well! Here’s your chance.^ READING AND SPEAKING 1 Read the text about an American student's daily routine. Is your working day the same or different? Every morning I get up at 6:30am. I get out of bed and get ready for work. After I brush my teeth and take a shower, I get dressed. After I eat my breakfast, I try to put the cat into garage for the day. Usually he tries to escape. He gets under the bed so that I can’t reach him. I sometimes get angry at the cat because when I say, “Get over here!” he doesn’t listen. Finally, after I get the cat out from under the bed, I get my keys and briefcase and leave the house. I get into my car and drive to work. I get on 1-264 at Military Highway, and I get off 1-264 at Waterside. I usually get to work at about 9:30am. I never get lost because I drive the same route every day. In my office I get going on my work, getting my lessons ready. My classes get over at about 3:30pm every day. I go back to my office and read my mail. I get tired at about 4pm and get out of my office as soon as I can. I get mad if there is a lot of traffic on 1-264. I usually get home at about 5pm. I get my dinner ready and get the cat of the garage. Sometimes while I am eating, the cat gets up on the table, but I tell him, "Get down off the table!” When I get full, I stop eating and clean my dishes. Sometimes the cat rubs against my leg and I tell him, “Get away from me, you crazy cat!” After I watch the news, I usually read at my desk. From time to time the cat gets up on my desk and gets on top of the book I am reading! I say, “Get out of here, cat!” and I get him off my book. But he is stubborn, and gets back up into the desk and gets on top of my book again, so I can’t read. I finally decide to get rid of the cat before I get really angry with him again. I put him in the garage and lock the door. Around 10 o’clock I get sleepy and decide to get ready for bed. I brush my teeth and get undressed and get into bed to read for about half an hour. I usually get to sleep by about 11pm, and hope I don’t have a bad dream about the CAT!^ 2 Say how your daily activity has changed since you became a student. Use the Past Simple speaking about your usual day at school.Example: Being a schoolboy, I usually got up at 7 o'clock, but now I get up at 6.30 a.m.FUNCTION ^ BEING POLITE LISTENING 1 Listen to the short conversations and say where they are taking place. Use the words from the box. Airport Kodak Express baker's classroom shop chemist's railway station McDonald'sConversation 1 ____________________ Conversation 2_____________________Conversation 3 ____________________ Conversation 4_____________________Conversation 5 ____________________ Conversation 6_____________________Conversation 7 ____________________ Conversation 8_____________________APOLOGIZING Use:Excuse me before you ask / do something.Sorry after you've done something wrong.Sorry? when you don't hear or understand something.2 What do you say in these situations? Write Excuse me, Sorry, or Sorry? You want to ask somebody you don't know for some information. _________ You step on somebody's foot. ____________ You want to pass and somebody is standing in your way._______________ You don't hear or understand what somebody says to you. _______________ You're late for class. _______________^ LESSON 11 – 12 STOP AND CHECK Get ready for your writing Test 2. Use evaluation exercises to find out how much progress you have made in Lessons 7 – 10.^ LESSON 13 ENTERTAINMENT. LEISURE ACTIVITIES VOCABULARY AND READING 1 Say how a Sunday differs from a Wednesday or a Friday?2 Match the leisure activities given below with the verbs they go with. ^ Leisure activity To go to To go To do To watch To go in for To be keen on To play To be interested in A disco Skiing Video games Yoga The opera ^ Leisure activity To go to To go To do To watch To go in for To be keen on To play To be interested in A nightclub Basketball The theatre Fishing Aerobics Tennis Karate Football Badminton Figure skating Weight training Jogging ^ 3 Speak about your likes and dislikes using the words from the list below. all right awful boring brilliant dreadful dull exciting fun great nice OK relaxing superb terrible terrific wonderful4 Are you a couch potato? is about leisure activities. Read it and choose the best definition for a couch potato. Someone who enjoys energetic sports and active hobbies. Someone who takes little or no exercise, and who spends his free time doing very little. Someone who doesn't like doing sports but is active in other ways. Someone who likes indoor gardening.Are you a couch potato? Centuries ago, people didn't have much free time, because everybody was working too hard. In Britain in the 19th century, people had more spare time, but because the Victorians hated relaxing and doing nothing, they invented football, rugby, and cricket. People took up more gentle activities too, like gardening, bird-watching and train spotting, and it was even possible simply to watch a sport and give the impression that you were actually doing something. Gradually, leisure activities have become less and less demanding, and most people have a variety of more or less energetic interests and hobbies. But now there is a new type of person who thinks that lying on the sofa watching television on Sunday afternoon or reading the newspaper from cover to cover is the most exciting activity they can manage. This is the twentieth-century couch potato. For them, every activity is too much trouble, and laziness is an art form! So how do you spend your free time? Are you a couch potato?^ GRAMMAR The Present Perfect Tense Positive I We You They have been to London. Negative haven't been ^ Special questions Where have been? ^ Subject question Who has been to London? Positive He She It has been Negative hasn't been to London. ^ Special questions Where has been? 1 Underline the right form of the verb. The car has / have already broken down this week. Look! Someone has / have eaten my chocolates. I has / have just seen Ann. Jack have / has already read “The Citadel” by Cronin.Has / Have you brought milk today?2 Make positive and negative sentences about the following people.Example Alice is a journalist. meet/a lot of famous people^ She has met a lot of famous people. Not be/on televisionShe hasn't been on television. Robert Swain is an explorer. be/the North Pole ___________________________________________________ see/polar bears _____________________________________________________ never/get lost ______________________________________________________Bill and Sophie are unemployed. not have/a job for six months __________________________________________ not have/a holiday since Christmas ______________________________________ not be/to the cinema for a year _________________________________________Sandra is a tennis player. play/since she was six ________________________________________________ not win/a senior competition ___________________________________________ never play/at Wimbledon ______________________________________________3 Ask the following people questions about their experiences.Example a racing driver – have accident?Have you ever had an accident?an explorer – get lost? _______________________________________________?an actress – forget your words? ________________________________________? c) a mountaineer – climb Mount Everest? __________________________________?a window cleaner – fall off your ladder? _________________________________?a singer – have a number one record? ___________________________________?4 Circle the right variant Years have passed since he left England. a) Прошли годы, и он покинул Англию. b) Прошли годы с тех пор, как он покинул Англию. I don’t remember her address, we haven’t seen for ages. a) Я не помню её адреса, потому что мы виделись 10 лет тому назад. b) Я не помню её адреса, мы не виделись сто лет. The delegation arrived in London yesterday at dawn. Делегация прибыла из Лондона вчера на рассвете. b) Делегация прибыла в Лондон вчера на рассвете. Have you ever heard such a nice music? a) Неужели ты раньше не слышал такой прекрасной музыки? b) Ты когда-нибудь слышал такую прекрасную музыку? At last she has told the truth. a) Наконец-то, она рассказала правду. b) В прошлый раз она рассказала правду. LESSON 14 HOBBIES^ JIGSAW READING AND SPEAKING 1 Answer the following questions:Do you have any hobby? Why do you like doing this?What kind of things do people often collect?Do you collect anything? Did you use to when you were younger?^ 2 You are going to read about two people who are both keen collectors. Work in two groups.Group A: Read about Margaret Tyler. (page 27)Group B: Read about Ted Hewitt. (page 28)3 Answer the questions in your group: Where does she/he live? Who with? What does she/he do for a living? How big is her/his collection? How long has she/he been collecting? How many rooms of the house are taken up with the collection? What’s her/his favourite piece? How much has the collection cost? Where do the pieces come from? Is she/he in touch with other people who share the same hobby? What ambitions does she/he have?4 Find a partner from the other group. Compare and swap information.GRAMMAR The Present Perfect vs. Past Simple1 Underline the right form of the verb. I have already done / already did my homework. Now I can go for a walk. I have done / did my homework yesterday. He has come / came home a minute ago. I haven't done / didn't do my homework yesterday. He has just come / came home. Nick has played / played football yesterdayHave you ever been / Were you ever to New York? I haven't eaten / didn't eat yet. He has been / was abroad five years ago.Have you played / did you play the piano today?2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, Present Perfect or Past Simple. Barbara Lively, the writer is married with two children. She __________ (write) over 40 books. She ___________ (start) writing after the death of her first husband. She __________ (spend) her childhood in Scotland but _________ (come) to England in 1966. She __________ (write) both prose and poetry but is best known for her romantic novels. She __________ (win) many awards, including the Booker Prize, which she ___________ (win) in 1988 for the novel Dark Times to Come.3 Circle the right variant За этот месяц в