Macbeth: Blood Essay, Research Paper
Macbeth: Blood
I am going to prove that in the play Macbeth, a symbol of blood is
portrayed often(and with different meanings), and that it is a symbol that is
developed until it is the dominating theme of the play towards the end of it.
To begin with, I found the word “blood”, or different forms of it forty-two
times (ironically, the word fear is used forty-two times), with several other
passages dealing with the symbol. Perhaps the best way to show how the symbol
of blood changes throughout the play, is to follow the character changes in
Macbeth. First he is a brave honoured soldier, but as the play progresses, he
becomes a treacherous person who has become identified with death and bloodshed
and shows his guilt in different forms.
The first reference of blood is one of honour, and occurs when Duncan sees
the injured sergeant and says “What bloody man is that?”. This is symbolic of
the brave fighter who been injured in a valiant battle for his country. In the
next passage, in which the sergeant says “Which smok’d with bloody execution”,
he is referring to Macbeth’s braveness in which his sword is covered in the hot
blood of the enemy.
After these few references to honour, the symbol of blood now changes to
show a theme of treachery and treason. Lady Macbeth starts this off when she
asks the spirits to “make thick my blood,”. What she is saying by this, is that
she wants to make herself insensitive and remorseless for the deeds which she is
about to commit. Lady Macbeth knows that the evidence of blood is a treacherous
symbol, and knows it will deflect the guilt from her and Macbeth to the servants
when she says “smear the sleepy grooms with blood.”, and “If he do bleed, I’ll
gild the faces of the grooms withal, for it must seem their guilt.” When Banquo
states “and question this most bloody piece of work,” and Ross says “is’t known
who did this more than bloody deed?”, they are both inquiring as to who
performed the treacherous acts upon Duncan. When Macbeth is speaking about
Malcolm and Donalbain, he refers to them as “bloody cousins”
A final way, and perhaps the most vivid use of the symbol blood, is of the
theme of guilt. First Macbeth hints at his guilt when he says “Will all great
Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?”, meaning that he wondered
if he would ever be able to forget the dastardly deed that he had committed.
Then the ghost of Banquo, all gory, and bloody comes to haunt Macbeth at the
banquet. The sight of apparitions represents his guilt for the murder of Banquo
which he planned. Macbeth shows a bit of his guilt when he says “It is the
bloody business which informs thus,” he could not get the courage to say murder
after he had killed Duncan, so he says this instead.
Lady Macbeth shows the most vivid example of guilt using the symbol of
blood in the scene in which she walks in her sleep. She says “Out damned spot!
Out I say! One: two: why then ’tis time to do’t: hell is murky. Fie, my lord,
fie, a soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it when none can call
out power to account? Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so
much blood in him?”. This speech represents the fact that she cannot wipe the
blood stains of Duncan off of her hands. It is ironic, that she says this,
because right after the murder, when Macbeth was feeling guilty, she said “A
little water clears us of this deed.” When the doctor of the castle finds out
about this sleepwalking, he tells Macbeth “As she is troubled with thick-coming
fantasies,”. What this means, is that Lady Macbeth is having fantasies or
dreams that deal with blood. Macbeth knows in his mind that she is having
troubles with her guilt, but does not say anything about it.
Just before the ending of the play, Macbeth has Macduff at his mercy, and
lets him go, because of his guilt. He shows that he is guilty, when he says
“But get thee back, my soul is too much charg’d with blood of thine already.”.
Of which, Macduff replies, “I have no words, my voice is in my sword, thou
bloodier villain than terms can give thee out.”
After the death of Macbeth at the hands of Macduff, the symbolic theme of
blood swings back to what it was at the beginning of the play. It is the symbol
of honour to Malcolm this time. The death of Macbeth is honoured feat that
Macduff is congratulated for.
So as we have seen meaning of the symbol of blood change from honour to
treachery, and then to guilt, after this, it returns to the symbolic meaning of
honour once again after the villain that changed the meaning from honour to
tyranny is killed. Due to these many changes, it has been proved that the
symbol of blood has many different meanings which can be attributed to it
throughout the course of this play.