Система образования в Англии, США и России (english)

Education System in Great Britain, The USA and RussiaIfall good people were clever and all clever people were good, the world would benicer than ever.Ithink that education is a key to a good future. And schools are the first stepon the education-way. Schools help young people to choose their career, toprepare for their future life, they make pupils clever and well-educated. Theygive pupils the opportunity to fulfil their talent.

Educationin Britain developed by steps. The first step was the introducing of two kindsof school grammar schools and secondary modern schools. Grammar schoolsoffered a predominantly academic education and in secondary modern schoolseducation was more practical. The second step was the introducing of a new typeof school, the comprehensive, a combination of grammar and secondary modern, sothat all children could be continually assessed and given appropriate teaching.

These school were co-educational and offered both academic and practicalsubjects. However, they lost the excellence of the old grammar schools. Thenafter 1979 were introduced the greatest reforms in schooling. They included theintroduction of a National Curriculum making certain subjects, most notablyscience and one modern language, compulsory up to the age of 16.

The NationalCurriculum aims to ensure that all children study essential subjects and have abetter all-round education. Pupils progress in subjects in National Curriculumis measured by written and practical tests. More ambitious pupils continue withvery specialized studies in the sixth form. They remain at school for two yearsmore. Pupils sit for exams leaving secondary school and sixth form.

They sitfor the General Certificate Secondary Education at the end of the 5th-years course. A-level or AS-levels are taken after two years of study in the sixthform. They are the main standard for entrance to university or other highereducation. Some parents prefer to pay for their children to be educated atindependent schools. This private sector includes the so-called public schools,some of whose names are known all over the

world, for example Eton. It providesexceptionally fine teaching facilities, for example in science, languages,computing and design. Its students are largely from aristocratic andupper-class families. The Government s vision for the education system of the21st century is that it will neither be divisive nor based on somelowest denominator. Diversity, choice and excellence will be its hallmarks inthis century. Thepublic educational system in Russia includes pre-schools, general schools,specialised secondary

and higher education. So-called pre-schools arekindergartens in fact. Children there learn reading, writing and maths. Butpre-school education isn t compulsory - children can get it at home. Compulsoryeducation is for children from 6 7 to 17 years of age. The main branch in thesystem of education is the general schools which prepare the younger generationfor life and work. There are various types of schools general secondaryschools, schools specialising in

a certain subject, high schools, gymnasiumsand so on. The term of study in a general secondary school is 11 years andconsists of primary, middle and upper stages. At the middle stage of asecondary school children learn the basic laws of nature and society at thelessons of history, algebra, literature, physics and many others. After 9thform pupils have to sit for examinations.

Also they have a choice betweenentering the 10th grade of a general secondary school or going to professionalschool. Pupils who finish the general secondary school, receive a secondaryeducation certificate, giving them the right to enter any higher educationalestablishment. One has to study in the institute for 5 years. Higher educationalinstitutions train students in one or several specialisations.The American system ofeducation differs from the systems of other countries.

There are free publicschools which the majority of American children attend. There are also a numberor private schools where a fee is charged. Education is compulsory for everychild from the age of 6 up to the age of 16 except in some states, wherechildren must go to school until the age of 17 or 18. Elementary or primary andsecondary or high schools are organized on one of two basis 8 years of primaryschool

and 4 years, or 6 years of primary, 3 years of junior high school and 3years of senior high school. The junior high school is a sort of halfwaybetween primary school and high school. The high school prepares young peopleeither to work immediately after graduation or for more advanced study in acollege or university. An important part of high school life isextra-curricular activities, they include band or school orchestra, sports andother social activities.

There is no national system of higher education in theUnited States. Instead, there are separate institutions ranging from collegesto universities. They may be small or large, private or public, highlyselective or open to all.