Реферат по предмету "Иностранные языки"


Шпаргалки по english

HobbiesHobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobbyaccording to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomesmore interesting.Hobbies are devided into 4 large groups doing, making,collecting and learning things. The most popular of all hobby groups is doingthings It includes gardening, travelling, playing games and so on.


Makingthings includes drawing, painting, writing music. My main hobby is to collectcompact disks. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has theopportunity of learning from it. By reading about the fthings he is interestedin, he is adding to what he knows. Learning things can be the most excitingaspect of a hobby. HobbiesTravellingEvery people on all over the world liketravel.


It s oldest kind of resting people are contrive many ways of travelling by car, bus, ship, plane,aeronautic, on foots. And many other ways. But the oldest one is to travelon foots. My live is not so long. But Itravel all of this way . Each of this kind of travel good by its own way. Totravel on your own foots for example kind when you may take care about youhealth because you can go every there,in mountains, forest look in a beautiful


views, breathe with clear saturationozone air. Sitting near fire and listening animals, nature and guitar. Travelling lets people to meetthe places of interest on over the world. Try different foods, listening todifferent music. And in general to know many more about countries.You can do it. Make yourchoice. Which kind of travelling do you choose it s no so important.


Season There are four season in ayear. Winter is the coldest part of the year. It is time when ground and tresscovered with a snow. The rivers and lakes breezed. People try to get on morewarm close. It s early get dark and sunrise is late. Sun is shine but not warm.But there is and leisure sideof this season people is skiing, skating, play hockey and other winter


games. After long cold winter comelong-awaited spring. This is time of year when thetrees cowered with a buds, ground with a green grass and beautiful flowers.Girls began takes off their winters close and show their beautiful bodies. Than goes the most likely partof year for all people. It s a summer. People goon vacations, to the country.


Summer is the best part of the year for the students and scholars. After summer goes autumn. Theweather is bad there are rainy and dry evenings. Dirty roads. Students andpupil begin learning. But one time, one famous man said The nature doesn thave bad weather . MoscowMoscow is the capital of Russia,its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre.


It was founded 8centurys ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1147. Gradually the city became more and more powerfull. In the 13thcentury Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for theliberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the TerribleMoscow became the capital of the new united state.


Though Peter the Great movedthe capital to St. Petersburg in 1712 That s why it became the main target of Napoleon s attack. After the Octoberrevolution Moscow became the capital again. Now moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Itstotal area is about nine hundred square kilometres.


The population of the cityis over 8 million. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart ofMoscow is Red Square. The Kremlin and St. Basil s Cathedral Vasily Blazheny are masterpieces of encient Russian architecture. On the territory of theKremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannonand the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world.


St. Basil sCathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory overKazan. One of thewell-known Kremlin museums is the Armouty Chamber. The famous golden cap ofMonomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherin the second and manyother historical items are exhibited there. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. TheHistorical


Museum, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov State PictureGallery are world famous and the largest. Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-knownof them are Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament theDuma and the centre of political life of the country.


Great BritainThe United Kingdom of G.B. andNorthen Irelands is situated on the British Isles The British Isles consistsof two large islands, G.B. and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands.Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres. The UK is made up of fourcountries England, Wales,


Scotland and Northen Ireland. GB consists of England,Scotland and Wales and doesn t include Northen Ireland. The capital of the UKis London. The British Isles are separated from European continent by the North Seaand the English Channel. The western coast of GB is washed by the AtlanticOcean and the


Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotlandis mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which hasbeautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. There are a lot of rivers in GB,but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thamesis the deepest and the most important one.


The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warmwaters if Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. The weatherin GB is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon andevening and the wrong side out. The english people say Other countrieshave a climate in England we have weather. The English also say thatthey have three variants of weather when it rains


in the morning, when itrains in the afternoon or t when it rains all day long. The weather is the favouriteconversational topic in GB. After they greet each other they start talking theweather. The best timeof the year in GB is spring of course, it rains in spring too . The two worstmonths in britain are January and February.


They are cold, damp and unpleasant.The best place in the world then is at home by the big fire. Summer months arerather cold and there can be a lot of rainy days. So most people who lookforward to summer holidays, plan to go abroad for the summer. The most unpleasant aspect ofEnglish weather is fog and smog. This isextremely bad in big cities especially in London.


The fog spreads everywhere socars move along slowly and people can t see each other. They try not to be runover by a car but still accidents are frequent in the fog. I would like to tellyou about shopping in the United Kingdom. Marks amp Spencer is Britain sfavorite store. Tourists love it too. It attracts a great variety of customersfrom house wives to millionaires.


Princess Diana, Dustin Hoffman and the BritishPrime-minister are just a few of its famous customers. Last year it made aprofit of 529 million pounds. Which is more than 10 million a week. It allstarted 105 years ago when a young Polish immigrant Michael Marks had a stallin Leeds market. He didn t have many things to sell some cotton, a littlewool, lots of buttons and a few shoelaces. Above his stall he put the nowfamous notice


Don t ask how much - it s a penny. Ten years laterhe met Tom Spencer and together they started Penny stalls in many towns in theNorth of England. Today there are 564 branches of Marks amp Spencer all overthe world in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium and Hungary. The storebases its business on 3 principals good value, good quality and


good service.Also, it changes with the times once it was all jumpers and knickers. Now itis food, furniture and flowers as well. Top fashion designers advice on stylesof clothes. Perhaps, the most important key to its success is its happywell-trained staff. Conditions of work are excellent. There are companydoctors, dentists, hairdressers, etc. And all the staff can have lunch forunder 40 pence.


Surpassingly tastes in food and clothes are international. Whatsells well in Paris, sells just as well in Newcastle and Moscow. Their bestselling clothes are for women - jumpers and knickers M amp S is famous forits knickers for men - shirts, socks, pajamas, dressing gowns and suits forchildren - underwear and socks. Best sellers in food include fresh chickens,vegetables and sandwiches,


Chicken Kiev is internationally the mostpopular convince food. Shopping in Britain is also famous for its Freshfood.Freshfood is a chain of food stores and very successful supermarkets which hasgrown tremendously in the twenty years since it was founded, and now it hasbranches in the High Streets of all the towns of any size in Britain.


In thebeginning the stores sold only foodstuffs, but in recent years they havediversified enormously and now sell clothes, books, records, electrical and domesticequipment. The success of the chain has been due to an enterprising managementand to attractive layout and display in the stores. It has been discovered thatimpulse buying accounts for almost 35 per cent of the total turn over of thestores. The stores are organized completely for self-service and customers areencouraged


to wander around the spaciously laid out stands. Special free giftsand reduced prices are used to tempt customers into the stores and they can tstand the temptation.



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