Grammar Tests

Part One ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR Directions Complete the sentences below using the correct alternative from those marked A, B, C, or D. The noun Test 1. I came into cottage, the family sitting round the table playing draughts. Draughts their favourite game. They like to play in the evenings. A the Holley s, were, are, it B Holleys, was, are, them

C the Holleys , were, is, it D Holleys s, was, is, them 2. When he was going through a narrow passage between two , he heard , These were his neighbours, two girls. A merrys-go-round, laugh, twenty-years old B merry-go-rounds, a laugh, twenty-year old C merry-goes-round, laughter, twenty-years old D merry-goes-rounds, a laughter, twenty-year old 3.

They decided to open a season. Though it was a fash ionable party and the walls were decorated with and , the majority of the guests wearing jeans and T-shirts. A lilies-of-the-valley, forget-me-nots, were B lily-of-the-valleys, forget-me-nots, were C lilies-of-the-valley, forgets-me-not, was D lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-nots, was 4. The wife was wearing a plain white dress with a string

of pearls that cost more than my salary. A governor s-general, two years B governor-general s, two years C governor-general, two years D governor s-general s, two-year 5. He pulled off his gloves and put onto the dressing table. She noticed that brand new. So was his hat. A it, it was B it, they were C them, it was D them, they were 6.

He conducted a lot of into but a failure. A researches, hay fevers, they were B research, hay fever, it was C researches, hay fever, it was . D research, hay fevers, they were 7. The proceeds of the campaign been spent on the construction of the Children s Care Centre. Roadworks being held there to build a new crossing. A has, are, pedestrian s B have, are, pedestrian C has, is, pedestrians

D have, is, pedestrians 8. Look, Mary is playing with the scissors! Take away from her, may cut into her fingers. A it, it B them, it C it, they D them, they 9. Here the pocket money my uncle has sent me today. will be enough to settle all my debts. A are, It C is, It B is, They D are, They 10. The criteria too vague. If there were a sharper to make our choice,

I would be happy. A is, criterion C is, criteria B are, criterion D are, criteria 11. The latest news from the Middle East countries disturbing. A close-up camera showed a man run ning somewhere. His face was bruised and his clothes torn. A was, was C was, were B were, were D were, was 12. The premises big enough, but the inspection took them a lot

of , and they had to drive home at . A was, time, dusks B were, times, a dusk C was, times, dusk D were, time, dusk 13. The price for has increased by ten in the last quarter. Lodgings very expensive nowadays. A an accommodation, per cent, is B accommodation, per cent, are C accommodations, per cents, is

D accommodation, per cents, are 14. That species of birds migrant and found in Africa in winter. Our surroundings too severe for such birds and they leave early in September. A is, is, are, them C is, is, is, it B are, are, are, them D are, are, is, it 15. The crossroads at our supermarket a dangerous place. The traffic lights will help both pedestrians and drivers to avoid accidents.

The police to set here. A are, needs, them C are, needs, it B is, need, them D is, need, it 16. Measles a dangerous disease and a lot of children catch at an early age. A is, them C are, them B is, it D arc, it 17. This the most effective means of production and can be adjusted to your business in time. A is, it, two month s B are, they, a two-months C is, they, two-month

D is, it, two months 18. The Azores are dark blue species that require cultivation in temperate regions. A forget-me-nots, greenhouse B forgets-me-nots, greenhouse s C forget-me-not, greenhouse D forgets-me-not, greenhouse s 19. Reliable about everyday clothing from the past hard to obtain. A evidences, are C evidences, is B evidence, is D evidence, are 20.

These species protected in national parks and . A is, game reserves B are, game s reserves C are, game reserves D is, games reserves Test 2 1. depths are usually much greater than depths because of low density. A Snow, rain, snow B Snow s, rain s, snow s C Snow, rain, snow s D Snow s, rain, snow s 2. are tiny white bells hanging from a single erect stem about 30 cm tall with

the as a red berry. A Lilies-of-the-valley, fruit B Lilies-of-the-valley, fruits C Lily-of-the-valleys, fruit D Lily-of-the-valleys, fruits 3. There a lot of machinery in the shop and skilled workers operated . A was, them C were, it B were, them D was, it 4. The was shaky and he decided to go to the sec ondhand store. A leg s table, furniture s B leg of the table, furniture s

C leg of the table, furniture D leg s table, furniture 5. One hundred pounds a large sum for her and she decided to put the money on her account. A was, savings B was, saving s C were, savings D were, saving s 6. Where Nick s pyjamas? on the bed. A is, It is C is, They are B are, They are D are, It is 7. Bread and cheese his usual meal and he has been living on

for two months. A was, them C is, it B are, it D is, them 8. His decreased because his salary was cut by 7 . A earnings, per cent B earnings, per cents C earning, per cents D earning, percentage 9. The producer presented his new film. The show took time. A two-series, three hour s B two-seria, three hours

C two-series, three hours D two-series , three hour s 10. The story of the magnificent castle the guide told us about was exciting. A five-centuries-old B five-century s-old C five-century-old D five-century-old s 11. This is the cloakroom, and that one is for . A ladies , gentlemen s B lady s, gentlemen s C ladies , gentlemen

D lady, gentlemen 12. The at the talks made a deep influence on everybody. A Minister of Foreign Trade s speech, peace s B Minister s of Foreign Trade speech, peace C Minister of Foreign Trade s speech, peaceful D Minister of Foreign Trade s speech, peace 13. The official is a table containing the holy days and festivals of the church. A Christian church calendar, saints days

B Christian s church calendar, saint days C Christian church s calendar, saint s days D Christian s church s calendar, saints days 14. The most beautiful of carved jade in the form of ornamental pieces, such as vases, bowls, tablets, and statues, many of which are now , were made in China. A specimen, museum pieces B specimens, museum pieces C specimen, museum s pieces D specimens, museum s pieces 15.

Various of the are cereals, cultivated for their , which is used as food. A species, grass family, seed B speci, grass family, seeds C species, grass s family, seed D speci, grass s family, seeds 16. The stone identified as a was the first step in opening the fields of that region, which have be come the greatest in the world. A 21-carats diamond, diamonds

B 21-carat diamond, diamonds C 21-carat diamond s, diamond s D 21-carat diamond, diamond 17. She was well aware of her extraordinary good looks, and was perfectly prepared to discuss , just as a man seven high might talk of advantages and in conveniences of being tall. A them, foot C them, feet B it, foot D it, feet 18. There enough to suggest that job stress may increase a man s risk of dying from disease.

A are, evidences, hearts B is, evidence, heart C is, evidence, heart s D are, evidence, heart 19. At its height in the early 1900s, the British Empire included over 20 of the land area and more than 400 people. A percents, world, million B percent, world s, millions C percent, world s, million D percents, worlds , million 20.

The history goes back to 1808. A state s newspaper s B state s newspaper C state newspaper s D state newspapers The Article Test 3 1. African cheetah is believed to be fastest ani mal on earth. A An, the, the C B The D The, the, 2. most cats hunt in dim light, but they also hunt in dark and in daylight. A the, B The, the, the, the C D The, the the 3.

Captain Cook reached Cape of Good Hope in spring of 1771 and sailed via St. Helena in the South Atlantic before arriving in England in July 1771, A The, the the C The the B , the, the, D the, 4. We must organize little dinner to celebrate event. Tell her to come and see me at noon. We ll speak about it.

A , an, the C the, the, B a, the, the D a, the, 5. She remained on deck until midnight, and following day she was carried up there again early in morning. A the, the C B a, the, the, the D the, the 6. On the second day of our voyage, before we reached Zanzibar, Camellia ran into bad weath er, and most of the passengers became seasick. A the, the, the, the B , the C a, the D the, the, a,

7. Until the nineteenth century, carpet was usually con sidered work of art and was made by hand. A the B a, a, the, C the, a D a the, the 8. At last war ended, but the transition from war to peace was painful for both sides. A the, the, the C a, a, a B D the 9. morning after morning of late he has taken his walk in the same direction trying to see her again. A A, a, the C B The, the, D A, a, 10. common autumn phenomenon in central and eastern

USA and in Europe is Indian sum mer, a period of unseasonably warm weather that sometimes occurs in late September and Oc tober. A The, the, the, the, the, B A, the the, the, the C A the D A, the 11. By late 18th century and Captain Cook s exploration of southern Pacific, much of world had been mapped. A the, the, the, the B the C the the, the D the 12.

In 1620, group of Leyden Puritans, 101 men, women and children, set out for Virginia on board Mayflower. A the, the, the, the C a a, the B a the D a, the, a 13. At zenith of their power in Middle Ages craft guilds had enormous power over their mem bers. A , the, C a the B the, the, an D a, the, 14. He was a page, that is youth of noble birth who left

his family at early age to serve in the family of man of rank. A , the, an, a, the B a an C the, the, the, the, the D a, a, an, a, 15. dinosaur is a reptile that was dominant land animal during most of Mesozoic Era but became extinct at its close. A The, the, the, the, the B The, the the, C A, a D A, the, the, the, the 16.

Only tiny percentage of plant species are di rectly used by humans for food, shelter, fiber, and drugs. A the, the C the, the, the, the B a D a, the the Test 4 1. rice, wheat, corn, legumes, cotton, conifers, and tobacco are items on which whole econ omies and nations depend. A , the, the B The C The, the, the D , the, 2. tiger lives in Asia and belongs to same genus as lion, leopard, and jaguar.

A The, the, the C , the, B A a D The 3. most of financial activities are crowded along Threadneedle Street. A The, the C , B The, D , the 4. The intersection is known as Bank, which in cludes huge Bank of England complex, Roy al Exchange, and Stock Exchange. A the, the, the, the B C , the D the the 5.

The busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, where such large department stores as Selfridges, John Lewis, and Marks and Spencer are located. A B the, the, the, the C the, the D the, the 6. East End, beyond City of London and Tower, has long been home of London s docks and immigrants. A The, the , C The, the, the, the

B the, the D The 7. centre of this educational establishment is University of London in Bloomsbury, founded in 1836. A The the C , the, B The, the, D the 8. It is made up of number of colleges, schools, and attached institutes, which range from Lon don School of Economics and Political Science to King s College and several medical schools.

A the C a B a, the, the D the the 9. With average elevation of more than 4000 m, Tibet is the highest region on earth sometimes called Roof of World. A , the, the, the B the C an, the the D an the, the 10. apple, peach, pear, and apricot trees are culti vated in valleys of the region. A , the C , B The, D The, the 11. musk deer, wild sheep, wild goats, wild don keys, yaks, and

Tibetan antelopes are common in mountainous areas. A C The, the, the B A D The the 12. On typical summer day, the temperature can rise from 3 C before sunrise to 27 C by midday. A the, the, the C the B a D a, the, the 13. most common material for rugs and carpets has traditionally been sheep s wool, although in cer tain regions goat s or camel s hair is also used.

A The, the, the C , the, the B The D 14. At the end of the 16th century the first explorers of South Seas mapped southern sky, which was largely unknown to ancients. A , the, C the, the, the B , a, the D the 15. During Renaissance, people thought that their own age and time of ancient Greece and Rome were advanced and civilized. A the, the, the

C the, the, B D , the, 16. Because there were no rugs or tapestries, sounds of the monks prayers echoed from one end of the church to . A , the other C the, another B the, other D , others Tests 1. East End has frequently been characterized by poverty, crime, and slums. A The, the C , B The, D , the 2. The church calendar includes the fixed feasts, such as Christmas, and movable feasts, which de pend on the date of

Easter. A the, the, the C B , the, D the the 3. In 1722 several thousand Polynesians inhabited the island, but diseases and raids by slave traders reduced number to fewer than 200 by late 19th century. A the, the, C , the, B the, a, the D , the, the 4. The island was named by Dutch explorer who landed here on Easter Day in 1722. A the, C the, the B a, D the, an 5.

Born in Salinas, California, Steinbeck was educated at Stanford University. As youth, he worked as ranch hand and fruit picker. A , a, a C the, the, the B the D a 6. pearl is abnormal growth resulting from the invasion of the body of the mollusk by minute particle of foreign matter, such as fine grain of sand. A The, an, a, a C , the the B A the, D The, an, the, the 7. jade has always been prized by

Chinese and Japanese as most precious of all stones. A The, the, the, the C The the, B the D , the, the, 8. Sir Henry Morgan is said to have been kidnapped at Bristol when boy and sold as servant on West Indian island of Barbados. A C the, the, B a, a, the D a, the, a 9. wealth acquired from trade enabled up per classes

to live in luxury. A The, the, the, the C the, B the, the D The, the 10. cotton is still a principal raw material for world s textile industry, but its dominant position has been seriously eroded by synthetic fibers. A The, the, the C The B , the D , the, 11. American inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell applied for patent on telephone on the same day.

A The, a, the C , a, a B , the, the D The, the, 12. jade is highly valued gemstone used in jewelry. A The, the, C , a, B , the, the D The, a, the 13. porcelain was first made by Chinese. A The the C the B The, the, D , the, 14. gold is extremely inactive. It is unaffected by air, heat, moisture, and most solvents. A the B The, the, C D The 15. optical phenomena, such as rainbows and halos, occur when light shines

through cloud particles. A , C The, the B The, D , the 16. stone picked up by child on the banks of Orange River in South Africa in 1866 was a big diamond. A , a, the, the B A, a C , the the D A, a, the, 17. E-mail and Internet are latest technolo gies that are spreading American English. A the B , the, the, C The, the, the,

The Pronoun Test 6 1. He closed one eye, but eye looked at me with a strange expression as if he wanted to advise me of but was forbidden to say . A another, something, something B other, anything, anything C the other, something, anything D the another, anything, something 2. They covered three miles and came to a point where they couldn t see vegetation was cov ered with snow. A other, any, all

B another, any, everything C the other, no, each D others the whole 3. He set to one side, disassociating from what was going forward, watching running calmly. A little the others B a little, himself, another C a little, himself, the others D little the other 4. When I met her, her parents had perished and she was dependent upon . She did not want help and lived on own. A either, her, anybody, her

B any of, hers, somebody s, hers C both, herself, anybody s, her D both of, oneself, everybody, oneself 5. of them quite knew what she meant, but was sure that she could not bring to do it. A Nobody, all, her B Somebody, every, oneself C No one, each, D None, everybody, herself 6. I phoned her day, but she refused to tell me . A another, something B another, anything C the other, something

D the other, anything 7. She gave him a cold stare and told him sharp words. He was taken aback at this behaviour of . A quite a few, hers B such a few, her C so few, herself D too few, her 8. Ann and Pete were trying their best, but of them was helpful. They made attempts but was in vain. A none, other a few, all

B neither, another few, everything C nobody, the other few, all D no one, another a few, everything 9. It was clear he was hungry. He ate a considerable of fried meat quicker than and asked for helping. A number, lot, others, other B amount, far, the others, another C deal, a lot, the other, the others D quantity anothers, an another 10.

She goes to Cyprus summer, of them can assure you of it. Shall I send you details? A each, every, some B either, all, any C every, everybody, any D every, each, some 11. It is so noisy that can hear . If keeps talking, he will leave the room. A none, anything, somebody B nobody, something, anybody C somebody, nothing, somebody

D no one, anything, anybody 12. There are three towers in the fortress, one with a big clock, are decorated with glazed tiles. of them remained intact. A others, None C the others, None B the others, No D others, Neither 13. Why are you afraid to ask for help? of them will be glad to solve your little problem, especially Jack. He is goodness . A Everybody, himself

B Each, itself C Every, itself D Each, himself 14. She did not know what else to do. She had already had breakfast, put her clothes into the suitcase, and was standing at the window with little hope to see Al ice in this green tweed coat of . A few, hers C a lot of, herself B a few, her D many, her 15. I tried to concentrate , but as

I felt cold I could think only of a warm room with a fireplace and an armchair in front of it where I can settle . A myself, myself, myself B C myself D myself 16. Colonies were used as sources of raw materials as markets for products of the home country. A either, and C either, or B neither, or D either, nor Test7 1. They stood on side of the bed looking at the sleep ing boy.

His left hand was in plaster, clasped a toy. A each, other C every, another B either, the other D either, other 2. Only nations in the world export diamonds with South Africa and Russia the biggest importers, while are far behind them. A little, other C few, the others B a little, the other

D a few, others 3. It refers to the ways ancient Greeks spoke, worshipped, understood the nature of the physical world , or ganized their governments, made livings, enter tained , and related to who were not Greek. A themselves, them, themselves, the others B itself, their, itself, others C itself, their, themselves, others D themselves themselves, the other 4. One of the reasons why so people are to be found who seem sensible

and pleasant in conversation is that almost is thinking about what he wants to say rather than about answering clearly what is being said to him. A few, everybody, himself B a few, anybody, C little, nobody, himself D many, everyone, themselves 5. It is more shameful to distrust friends than to be deceived by . A their, theirs C his, themselves B one s, them D our, ourselves 6. action happens, but the subtle

quality of the events and, more crucially, the characters feelings about , form the essence of the story. A Few, few, themselves B Little, little, them C Few, little, its D Little, few, them 7. The loads imposed on a building are classified as dead or live . Dead loads include the weight of the building and major items of fixed equipment. A both, itself, each C either, itself, all B both every

D either, oneself, any 8. Identification is proof of identity , especially a card or document, to prove that is who he or she claims to be. A everything, everybody B something, somebody C anything, anybody D something, anybody 9. She learnt both classics and philosophy, but knows of them well. Though she can speak on sub ject in general. A none, any

C neither, either B nothing, some D either, neither 10. is waiting for the signal. two minutes and the match will begin. players are anxious to win. A Everybody, Another, Every B Anybody, Some, All C Everybody, Another, All the D All, Other, Each 11. He was pleased with because of them noticed A him, nobody, anything B himself, any, nothing C them, no one, nothing

D himself, none, anything 12. husband wife were responsible for the reli gious development of theit household members. A Either, or B Neither, nor C Both, and D Every, and 13. He is diligence . But he forgets one thing the difference between a good worker and a bad worker is that one works with his heart and with his hands. A himself, the other B , another C itself, the other

D himself, others 14. He thought over and came to the conclusion that it was not in bad. A it, himself C its, oneself B it s, itself D it, itself 15. You and I may now consider as tete-a-tete Sir Nicolas won t be much in our way. He hears and sees but . A yourselves, anything, his B ourselves, nothing, himself C us, something, hisself

D ourselves, somewhere, him 16. In the early part of the Modern English period the vocabulary was enlarged by the widespread use of one part of speech for and by increased borrowings from languages. A the other, others C other ones, another B another, other D others, another The Adjective the Adverb Test8 1. One of games is chess, which originated in

India or probably China. It is a game of tradition and is popular. A old, the oldest, international B the most ancient, old, internationally C the more ancient, older, internationally D ancient, the oldest, the most international 2. You know still waters run , but I get to know him, embarrassed I feel. I would like to have information because I don t know what his move is going to be.

A deeply, the better, the more, farther, next B deep, better, more, further, nearest C deeper, the best, the most, farther, near D deep, the better, the more, further, next 3. She did not have to change trains and went to Glas gow . She felt and thought if Harry would be able to meet her. But had she stepped on the platform in Glasgow she saw him with a bundle of flowers.

A direct, lonely, hardly, when B directly, alone, hardly, than C more directly, lonely, no sooner, when D the most direct, alone, hardly, 4. they hurried it was they would be in time to see him off. They came after his departure. A The more, the less obvious, short B The more, more obviously, shortly C The more, the less obvious, shortly

D The most, the least obviously, short 5. She opened two bottles of perfume. The perfume in the oval bottle smelt that reminded her of summer but had a strange smell. A so sweetly, last, latter B so sweet, late, the latter C such sweetly, the latest, the former D such sweet, later, last 6. The almonds, which I bought in the shop our office, tasted .

I threw away half of them. A nearly, bitterly, almost B near, bitter, nearly C next to, bitter, near D by, bitterly, all but 7. had we got out of the car he and his brother rushed to us. It was how they could guess where we were going. A No sooner, when, older, strange B Hard, and, elder, strangely C No sooner, than, elder, strange D Hardly, when, eldest, strangely 8.

There was an obvious weakness in the argument but they were too to admit their mistake. The most thing was that Nick, the friend of theirs, did not support them. A presenting, alarming, embarrassing, old B presented, alarmed, embarrassed, eldest C presented, alarmed, embarrassing, oldest D presenting, alarmed, embarrassed, elder 9. It was far than he expected, so he made up his mind to spend twice as money as he had wanted.

A more cheaper, more B more cheap, a lot C the cheapest, the most D cheaper, much 10. This is a task and I hope he ll cope with it. He remains in any circumstances. His results are always . A challenging, calmly, pleased B challenging, calm, pleasing C challenged, calm, pleased D challenged, calmly, pleasing 11.

When he saw them standing to each other, he laughed as though a weight had been lifted from him. But his wife cut him saying his laughter was not to the point. A closely, joyfully, shortly B close, joyful, short C closely, joyful, short D close, joyfully, short 12. Why is he backing out? It is not . He earns as money as

I do, and maybe even a lot than we both. A fairly, much, much B fair, much, more C fair, more, many D fairly, many, much 13. after she left the village, she felt too tired to go any . She took a nap lying on the grass. A Shortly, further, flat B Shortly, farther, flatly C Short, further, flat D Short, farther, flatly 14.

To the , child this task would be . A brighter, more advanced, challenged B more bright, the most advanced, challenging C the most bright, the most advanced, challenged D brighter, more advanced, challenging 15. Yesterday I got lost in the forest. I shouted and but nobody came. Suddenly I felt somebody watching me . I ran to the right and soon found myself near the spring, which

was to my home. This was the most experience 1 had ever had. A loudly, longly, close, fastly, closely, excited B loudly, long, closely, fast, close, exciting C loud, long, close, quickly, close, exciting D loud, longer, close, quick, closely, excitement 16. Many fruits taste and delicious, and have the ad vantage of being relatively in calories and in nutrients.

A sweetly, lower, highly B sweet, low, high C more sweet, more low, more high D sweeter, much more low, much more high 17. The most accepted theory of the origin of the universe proposed that a huge explosion set all the matter and energy in the universe. A wide, free B widely, freely C wide, freely D widely, free 18. During the French and Indian War, several colonies had refused to cooperate in the war effort when their

own borders were not at risk. A in full, immediately B fully, immediately C in fully, immediate D full, immediate 19. The task of drafting the declaration fell to Jefferson, who was known for his style. A powerfully written B powerful written C powerful writing D powerfully writing 20. These colonies stayed to the coastline, never pen etrating far inland, and

in fact each was linked to England than to the other colonies. A close, more closely B closely, closely C closely, more closely D close, more closer 21. Although the British considered the act to be , many American colonists saw it as a violation of their rights. A perfect fair B perfectly fairly C perfect fairly

D perfectly fair 22. a land bridge between two continents, Panama developed plant and animal life than almost any where else on Earth. A As, more diverse C Like, diverselier B Being, diversely D As, diversely Test9 1. He was a promising student in Maths and Physics at Cambridge and always felt a lingering interest in the subject.

A very, last C highly, latter B , latest D quite, later 2. Pencil marks, those made by writing implements using fluids, can be erased. A different, easily B not like, easy C unlike, easily D unlike, easy 3. The name mountain is usually applied to region of land that is raised rather above the surrounding ter rain. Temperatures in the mountains are generally than at sea level.

A highly, much low B high, far lower C high, a lot more lower D highly, more lower 4. Mr Rochester, as he sat in his damask-covered chair, looked to what I had seen him look before not quite so A differently, stern, much gloomy B differently, sternly, much more gloomy C different, stern, much less gloomy D different, stern, much more gloomier 5. Computerized tests adapt to the skill level of the indi vidual

test-taker. Each correct answer given by a stu dent is followed by a question, and incorrect an swers are followed by questions. the ques tion, points the student can score. A more difficult, less difficult, The more difficult, the more B less difficult, less difficult, More difficult, more C more difficult, more difficult, More difficult, the most

D more difficult, less difficult, The more difficult, the most 6. According to legend, Fuji arose from the plain during a single night in 286 BC. the mountain is than the legend asserts. A From a geological point of view, far more old B Geologically, a lot elder C From a geological point of view, quite more older D Geologically, much older 7. All members of the cat family are in physical char acteristics, vision

and hearing, and claws and teeth that are for grasping and tearing. A closely similarly, acutely, highly adapting B close similar, acute, high adapting C closely similar, acute, highly adapted D close similar, acute, high adapted 8. The islands were named after British explorer and nav igator James Cook, who sighted them in 1773. A firstly C at first

B first D at the first 9. Unlike the regulated and financed education sys tems of many other industrialized societies, American public education is the responsibility of the states and school districts. A nation s, firstly, individually B national, chiefly, individual C nationally, primarily, individual D nation, mainly, individually 10. The structural design of a building depends on the nature of the soil and geologic conditions and modification

by man of of these factors. A essentially, underlied, both B mainly, underlying, any C greatly, underlying, either D in the shortly run, underlying, every 11. Books differ from periodicals and newspapers because they are not published on a schedule. A strictly daily, weekly, or monthly B strict day, week, or month C strictly day s, week s, or month s

D strict daily, weekly, or monthly 12. In the 1990s several companies introduced elec tronic books, or e-books. These devices display the text of books on a small screen designed to make reading . A late, computerized, easily B last, computerizing, easily C late, computerized, easy D latest, computerizing, easily 13. People have climbed mountains for activities such as retrieving lost animals and hunting, but tech nical

climbing as a sport has a much history. A for long, necessarily day, shorter B long, necessary daily, shorter C longly, necessary daily, shorter D long, necessarily day s more shorter 14. It used to be said that oil-exporting countries depended on the oil-importing countries just as as the depended on the . A much, latter, former B much, last, first C the same, first, former

D great, latter, first 15. She stretched herself out on the sofa and looked at the barometer. She knew that falling pressure usually meant a storm was approaching. A flat, rapid C flat, rapidly B flatly, rapidly D flatly, rapid 16. Although some cigars are made by hand, most cigars are manufactured by machine. A highly-quality, entirely B high-quality, entire

C highly-quality, entire D high-quality, entirely 17 the results presented were not in accord with the precise calculations. A Interestingly enough, rather B Interesting enough, prettily C Enough interestingly, rather D Enough interesting, pretty 18. high mountain ranges, such as the Sierra Ne vada in the U.S the Andes in South America, and the

Himalayas in Asia, affect climate and weath er patterns over vast areas of the earth because they stand as barriers to circulating air masses. A Enough, distinctly, regular B Especially, markedly, regularly C Particular, clear, to regulate D In particular, evident, regular 19. The various islands gained their independence . and not always , units. A like separate, viably B as separate, viable

C as separately, viably D like separate, viable 20. The and most rural sections of Missouri are the Ozark Upland and the north central section of the Northern Plains. A most thinly populated B most thin populating C most thinly populating D mostly thin populated 21.

The first schools in the area were opened by French settlers at St. Louis in the part of the 18th centu ry- A later C late B latter D latest 22. The words cloth and clothing are related, meaning fabric or textile, and meaning fabrics used to cover the body. A the first, the latter B the former, the latter C the former, the second D the first, the later

The Verb Test 10 I 1. A man who in the compartment said that the place by a passenger who out to the diner. A was sitting, is taken, went B sat, had been taken, has gone C was sitting, was taken, had gone D had been sitting, had taken, went 2. I cannot make up my mind if I them till I when they . A join, will find out, leave B will join, find out, will be leaving

C will join, will find out, are leaving D would join, would find out, will leave 3. Cyprus on major migration routes for birds, and in spring and autumn many millions through. Many species also on the island, A is lying, are passing, will winter B lies, pass, winter C is lying, pass, wintered D has lain, have passed, have been wintering 4. The term Middle Ages by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall

of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its re discovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they they . Indeed, the no tion of a long period of cultural darkness by Petrarch even earlier. A coined, had felt, participated, had expressed B is coined, feel, are participating, has been expressed C has coined, have felt, had participated, was expressed

D was coined, felt, were participating, had been expressed 5. It that as a result of emigration and other fac tors, such as war losses and temporary decline in fertili ty, the population by about 5 per cent between mid-1974 and 1977. The years since 1974 also by an increase in persons leaving the island in search of work, especially in the Middle East. A has been estimated, decreased, have been marked

B estimated, had decreased, mark C has estimated, has decreased, have marked D was estimated, was decreased, was marked 6. Raphael s greatest work, The School of Athens , in the Vatican at the same time that Michelangelo on the Sistine Chapel. A had been being painted, worked B was painted, was working C was painting, had worked

D has been painted, was working 7. You nothing unless you a microscope. It is the most interesting specimen I . A see, don t use, ever see B will see, don t use, have ever seen C will see, use, have ever seen D won t see, won t use, ever saw 8. Do you see a couple in the corner? Their dessert now. As soon as they it, we their table.

A is served, finish, will take B is serving, will finish, take C is being served, finish, will take D has been served, will have finished, will take 9. What s the matter Yes, my mother bad ly ill since yesterday. A Have you cried, is B Have you been crying, has been C Did you cry, was D Are you crying, had been 10. Where to?

My mother me to go to the post office because they a break in half an hour. A parcel to us. A are you going, has asked, will be having, has sent B do you go, asked, would have, was sent C are you go, asked, will have had, is sent D are you going, has asked, will have, has been sent 11. She said that by the time you to him for help they the greater part of their research.

A had turned, will do B turn, will have done C turned, would have done D had turned, would do 12. The librarian said that she me another book unless I the one which I several weeks before. A would not give, did not return, had taken B will not give, have returned, took C would not give, returned, had taken D would not have given, did not return, had taken 13. to

London? Yes, I there when there an exhibition of our goods A Have you ever been, was, was B Have you ever been, have been, was C Were you ever been, was, was D Had you ever been, had been, had been 14. Provided the dam by February, the flood several towns. A was built, will have struck B has not been built, will strike

C won t be built, will be striking D won t have been built, strikes 15. When I to Riga, it was cold, a stiong northern wind and it for a fortnight. A came, blew, was raining B had come, had been blowing, had rained C came, was blowing, had been raining D was coming, had blown, was raining 16. In 1963 fiber-tip markers into the U.S. market and since then the ballpoint as the principal writ ing

implement. A were introduced, had challenged B had introduced, challenged C were introduced, have challenged D were introduced, challenged 17. The fishing industry, which traditionally under developed A had been, is expanding B has been, had expanded C is, had been expanding D has been, is expanding 18. China the technology of silk production secret the ancient

Greeks speculated that silk on a spe cial tree in China. A had kept, would grow B kept, grew C would keep, had grown D was keeping, grow Test 11 1. Because they are relatively durable and portable, books for centuries to preserve and distribute informa tion. A are used B are being used C are been using D have been used 2.

They married for seven years when their first son A have been, was born B had been, was born C had been, had been born D were, had been born 3. Unless special actions , the case . A won t be taken, will be lost B will be taken, is lost C are taken, will be lost D aren t taken, is lost 4. The first English colony in

North America by the Pilgrims, who from the English city of Plymouth in the Mayflower and in Massachusetts Bay in 1620. A was founded, had sailed, had landed B was found, sailed, landed C had been found, sailed, landed D was founded, sailed, landed 5. He to make enemies as his business and he more powerful.

A began, was developing, was growing B had begun, is developing, is growing C has begun, had developed, had grown D was beginning, developed, grew 6. Dictionary-making, since computers the routine out of it, fun. A have taken, has been becoming B had taken, has become C took, has become D are taking, had become 7. We to give refunds on articles of clothing that .

A can t, have been worn B are unable, are wearing C can t, are being worn D are unable, have been worn 8. I felt I , but there was nobody in the sight. A had watched B was watched C was being watched D had been watching 9. Look at him! He the same clothes for years. A wears

B has been wearing C had worn D had been wearing 10. Coal plants one of the worst industrial polluters since the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. A had been, began B were, had begun C have been, began D were, have begun 11. Rapid changes in technology in the last several decades the nature of culture and cultural exchange.

A changed B have changed C had changed D change 12. The train just as he the station. A came, reached B had come, reached C came, had reached D has come, reached 13. He has said that me if I easily to do it by myself. A would not help, was able B would not help, would be able C will not help, am able

D will not help, will be able 14. I think we it on the shelf for Daddy to see when he home from work. A will put, will come B will put, comes C put, comes D put, will come 15. All the way home he his tactics how the news to her, how in puzzles until she him to let her have the whole story. A had been planning, would he break, would he speak, asked

B was planning, would he break, would he speak, would ask C had been planning, he would break, he would speak, asked D was planning, he would break, he would speak, would ask 16. The afternoon was the longest Grace . She for Tom. A ever knew, was waiting B had ever known, was waiting

C ever knew, was expecting D had ever known, was expecting 17. Every year for sixteen years, since Ted three and Caroline one, it the Christmas Eve custom of the Carters to hang up their children s stockings and fill them with inexpensive toys. A was, was C had been, was B was, had been D had been, had been 18. How the citizens of Babylon or Ur actually their bills, however, depended on who .

A did, pay, were they B , paid, they were C did, pay, they were D , paid, were they The Verbal Test 12 1. He stood beside a bush of pale roses the last bees into the hive. He seemed not attention to Ann s cry. A watching, to crawl, to pay B having watched, to be crawling, to be paying C watched, crawl, paid D watching, crawling, to have paid 2. I heard Uncle

Henry something to Paul. To my astonishment he seemed what had happened to me. Then he let me to my room. A to whisper, to ask, to go B whisper, ask, go C whisper, to be asking, go D whispering, asking, going 3. breakfast on dry bread and in his pocket an other piece of bread for dinner, he settled him self at a desk of the reading room. He looked forward to his first book. A Having, carrying, serving, take

B Having had, having carrying, to serve, take C Having had, carrying, to serve, taking D Having, carried, serving, having taken 4. Don t you remember me at the Browns last-sum mer? We used at their place every Friday. A to see, to meet C to see, meeting B seeing, meeting D seeing, to meet 5. After a few pages I felt like a break

I was eager so I laid my work aside for a time A writing, having, to stroll B having writing, have, strolling C written, having, to stroll D I have written, to have, strolling 6. You look rather tired. You are unlikely the work in time. You had better home now. It is not worth for another several hours. A to have finished, going, working

B to finish, go, working C to have been finishing, to go, to work D to be finishing, be going, be working 7. He is afraid to Mrs. Priestly. In his place I would rather her. He may depend on her the prob lem properly. A of speaking, trusting, understanding B to speak, trust, understanding C of speaking, to trust, understanding D to speak, to trust, to understand 8.

Let her it herself. She is considered a care ful researcher and can t stand . A do, being, to be helped B to do, to be, to help C doing, being, helping D do, to be, being helped 9. On that she had just come in, he sent a maid to her room her to go down though he realized that it was no use to her again. A telling, asking, to speak B being told, to ask, speaking

C having told, to have asked, to have spoken D being having told, to ask, speaking 10. her about my problems I was ashamed such a great mistake and did not mind the subject but she kept about my family and me. A Having told, at having made, changing, talking B To have told, to make, to change, to talk C Telling, to have made, to have changed, on talking D On telling, making, having changed, be talking 11.

She heard his voice . that he was at the break ing point, she made him in one of the comforta ble chairs close to the fire. A have trembled, Feeling, to sit B tremble, Feeling, sitting C tremble, Feeling, sit D trembling, Felt, sit 12. Remember them tomorrow. They are said from their voyage. I d rather them in a couple of days.

A phoning, to be returning, meet B to phone, to have returned, meet C to phone, to have been returning, to meet D phoning, to return, meeting 13. He was made the town and did not want to spend the last money an apartment in the suburbs this unexpected offer of shelter was too tempting . A leaving, to rent, to resist B to leave, on renting, to be resisted C leave, on having rent, to resist

D to have left, to have rented, being resisted 14. I can t help grateful to him for all he has done for me. I ve got used care of me. A to be, him to take C being, to his taking B be, his to take D having been, him taking 15. I think you ought to do something to your hair. Why don t you have it ? I asked. But Alice did not appear me.

She was going to the airport with Erick the car back. A waving, to hear, to have driven B waved, to have heard, to drive C wave, hearing, driving D to wave, having heard, to be driving Test 13 1. On the last night of my restraint, I was awakened my own name in a whisper. A to hear, having spoken B by hearing, spoken C having heard, to speak

D on hearing, to be spoken 2. It is silly of me, but I d rather they Aubrey. A did not prosecute C would not prosecute B not prosecuted D will not prosecute 3. Robert hated Simon he couldn t answer any of his questions. A to let, to know C to let, knowing B letting, to know D letting, know 4.

As a result, the British gave up India and fo cused efficiently while in tandem with tradi tional elements of Indian society. A trying to anglicize, on governing, work B a try to anglicize, to govern, working C trying to anglicize, on governing, working D to try anglicizing, at governing, work 5. The damage to the house was extensive and he got them for it. A having made, pay B done, to pay C having done, pay

D made, to pay 6. the plains the chief pleasure to which I looked fonvard to was my pony every day. A While crossing, to ride B Crossing, ride C To cross, to ride D Cross, riding 7. a picture, most of us look what our main subject is doing, or whether everyone in the group fits into the viewfinder. A Having taken, on seeing B When taking, to see C

Taken, to see D Taking, to seeing 8. He made her several times that she would never breathe a word about it, and finally, with many pauses and many groans, he let her the whole wretched story. A promise, to know C to promise, know B to promise, to know D promise, know 9. A Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk, was marooned on one of the islands between 1704 and 1709, and his experiences are supposed the novel

Robinson Cru soe, by Daniel Defoe. A to inspire C to have inspired B to be inspired D to have been inspired 10. At the beginning of the year, when supplies were plen tiful and the army could be led into the field, the king made up his mind into Saxony and to hold there a general assembly, as he was used to every year in Francia. A to go, do C going, do B to go, doing D going, doing 11.

Colonists appear the game to North America in the 17th century and that meant new golf links. A to bring, opening B to bring, to open C to have brought, opening D to have brought, to open 12. He had her her name on a registration list and a seat in the waiting room until the nurse got a chance her out. A write, take, to check B writing, taking, checked C to write, to take, to check

D write, taking, checking 13. The pre-1914 gold standard is considered by many the golden age of international monetary arrangements at the beginning of the 20th century. A to be C being B to have been D having been 14. I only know that when a child of seven I was the proud owner of a pony and used to riding with papa. I was not afraid of at all. A go, to fall C go, falling

B going, falling D going, to fall 15. The slave some very smart as well as impressive things in reply to his master. A made to say C was made to say B was made saying D made saying 16. The Greeks seem papyrus as early as the begin ning of the 5th century BC. A to know C to have been knowing B to have known D to have being known Test 14 1. You don t expect a man more than the first three lines of the first

verse, and these until it is time to begin the chorus. A to never remember, to keep on repeating B will never remember, keeping to repeat C to never not remember, to keep repeating D will remember, having kept repeating 2. Though she showed no sign , I was sure she re sented the centre of attraction. A to offend, him to be B to be offended, his to be

C of offending, his being D of being offended, his being 3. They tried their best solutions to the problem, but finally they suggested the building and .offered us. A to find, restoring, to help B finding, to restore, helping C finding, to restore, to help D to find, restoring, help 4. I don t feel like him. He is said an attempt to get in touch with

Ann last month. A to see, to have made B seeing, to have made C to see, to make D seeing, to make 5. the table she pretended not about Martha. A Having laid, noticing them to gossip B Laying, noticing their gossiping C Laying, to notice their gossiping D Laid, to notice them to gossip 6. They were considering where the money, as they were afraid of .

A to hide, to be robbed B to hide, of being robbed C hiding, to be robbed D hiding, of being robbed 7. She risks everything if she follows his advice. It is not worth . A to lose, taking B losing, to take C losing, taking D to lose, to take 8. I can t help at his meanness.

He again decided against his old aunt. He says he can t afford so much money on medicine. A surprising, to help, to spend B being surprised, helping, to spend C to be surprised, helping, spending D to surprise, to help, spending 9. Bill continued the old man faithfully, in his will. A serving, hope to remember B to serve, hoping to be remembered

C serving, hope to be remembered D to serve, with a hope remembering 10. Rain forests also play a critical role in global climate regulation carbon dioxide, a gas partially responsible for global warming. A absorbing, is believed to be B by absorbing, believed to be C having absorbed, believed to be D absorb, is believing to be 11. Grace sat for a few minutes, then got her heavy- coat and went down

at the cottage. A to think, looking B thinking, to look C having thought, having seen D think, look 12. She remembered at the remark. A to be surprised C surprising B to surprise D being surprised 13. of the Cape Colony from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars allowed the British a strong presence in southern Africa. A Acquiring, establishing

B The acquisition, to establish C Having acquired, establishing D Acquired, to establish 14. As a result, the British gave up India and fo cused efficiently. A to try anglicizing, to govern B trying anglicizing, on governing C trying to anglicize, on governing D trying anglicizing, to govern 15. Native art seems during the period of

English dom ination in the 19th century. A to disappear B being disappeared C disappearing D to have disappeared 16. Written American English also has a tendency more rigid in matters of grammar and syntax, but at the same time appears more tolerant of the use of neologisms. A being, being C to be, being B to be, to be D being, to be

Modal Verbs Test 15 1. It s because of Tom that we late. We on an earlier train, A could have been, should agree B would be, can t agree C may be, ought to have agreed D must be, can t have agreed 2. Granny evidently us, that s why we knock loudly before she opened the door. A did not hear, had to B must not have heard, must

C may not hear, were to D might not have heard, should 3. I pity her because she that she has acted wrong. She it to everybody. A must feel, must not have said B may feel, ought not have said C can t have felt, needn t say D must be feeling, shouldn t have said 4. Where is Kate? She . She has told me to come at 5.

She on the balcony, that s why she your call. A can t go away, may sunbathe, can t have heard B can t ha e gone away, must be sunbathing, can t hear C must not go away, need to sunbathe, should not hear D should not go away, could have sunbathed, must not have heard 5. I to the beach. The sea was rough and no one dared .

A needn t have gone, to swim B needn t go, swimming C can t have gone, swim D couldn t go, to swim 6. We meet Jack tomorrow. You to him of the matter long ego. Why keep him in the dark? A should, must have spoken B have to, may speak C are to, should have spoken D might, need to speak 7. He golf well, but today he it because he has a backache.

A is not to play, can do B can play, is unable to do C ought not to play, should have done D might have played, must not have done 8. You at the wrong station, that s why it took you so long to get here. I you yesterday to explain everything to you in more detail. A may change, ought to phone B must have changed, may phone

C must have changed, may have phoned D may have changed, ought to have phoned 9 I the work so carelessly. I do it again? Yes, it by noon. A can t do, Will, must be doing B can t have done, Shall, must be done C must not have done, May, may have done D must not do, Will, must have been done 10. We at seven, but

I come here in time. I think he till I came. A had to meet, couldn t have, may wait B were to meet, was not able, should have waited C were to have met, couldn t, might have waited D had to have met, might not have, should wait 11. Why are you so upset? She the dates. She about our meeting. She fixed the day and time herself. A could have mixed up, might not have forgotten

B may have mixed up, couldn t have forgotten C is able to mix up, can t forget D must mix up, was not able to forget 12. You in their conversation. You silent when they were talking. A don t need to interfere, should keep B can t have interfered, may keep C needn t have interfered, should have kept D don t have to interfere, could have kept 13. he have got into an accident?

He is such a careful driver. But other drivers are not. Somebody into his car. A Can, may have crashed B May, should have crashed C Must, must have crashed D Should, might have crashed 14. When I came up to the post office, it was closed. I a bit earlier. A can t have come C has to come B must have come D ought to have come 15.

Your face seems familiar to me. We somewhere. A should have met C must meet B must have met D should meet 16. Washing dirty dishes and bathing in a stream, riv er, or Jake pollute water systems and be avoided. A can, should C must, must B may, ought D should meet Test 16 L She guessed she an allergic reaction, buf she had no idea what she was reacting to she d never had allergies before, either.

A ought to have B must be having C may have been having D should have had 2. Some of my father s friends in Springfield had given him a bottle of good old brandy, which he agreed to drink at a certain hour of this day looking to the east, while his friends in Illinois a toast to his success from a companion bottle with their faces turned west, the difference

in time being carefully estimated. A must drink C were to drink B had to drink D must have drunk 3 You have a right to such very strong local attach ment. You at Longbourn. A cannot, cannot have always lived B must not, must not have always lived C should not, should not always lived D may not, ought not always live 4. They an hour ago.

That they without ill consequence is least probable. A had to come, should meet B must have come, ought meet C had come, must have met D were to come, might have met 5. We never to allow our instincts of justice to de generate into mere revenge. A should C have B are D ought 6. It is one of Harris s fixed ideas that he a comic song the fixed idea,

on the contrary, among those of Harris s friends who have heard him try, is that he , and never , and that he to try. A must have sung, must not, will have to, should not allow B can sing, can t, will be able to, ought not to be allowed C will be able to sing, should not, must not, should not be allowed D should, shouldn t, shouldn t, must not be allowed 7.

If we had not known it was a funny song, we . A might have wept B could not have wept C should weep D must weep 8. I had no accurate idea of the time, for I my watch, but I thought we about four hours ago. A was unable to see, had to start B could not see, must have started C did not see, would have started

D was not able to see, would start 9. You for anyone more regular than Peters. A must not have asked B should not C couldn t have asked D must not 10. He my mother, and all his brothers quarrelled with him because he did. A must not marry B must not have married C should not marry D did not have to marry 11. It was impossible to get there.

The police drivers of thick mist and blowing snow. A can have warned C ought have warned B might have warned D must have warned 12. I hard from morning till night. I our debts. A must work, may pay B should have worked, might have paid C am to have worked, could have paid D have to work, ought to pay 13.

Why are you crying? I you about that A need not have told B must not have told C cannot have told D might not have told 14. Vou to prepare the room for our guests. They arrive tomorrow or the day after. A must, must C can, can B may, may D need, may 15. You to see your sister when she was in trouble. Brother and sister care of each other.

A might have gone, should take B must go, ought to take C must have gone, should take D could go, ought take 16. They us for all we have done for them! A might have thanked B must have thanked C may thank D can have thanked Subjunctives Conditionals Test 17 1. I felt sorry for

Jane. If anybody such a thing to me, I hurt. A would say, felt B said, would feel C had said, would feel D will say, will feel 2. The orders are that three of you here, the rest to the city centre. A will stay, will go B should stay, should go C would stay, would go D stay, to go . He differently, if he an answer two days ago

A will act, was given B would act, were given C would have acted, would have been given D would have acted, had been given 4. Who was the first to suggest the research, I can not well remember. A him to do C that he will do B that he do D that he would do 5. I wish I your health and vitality. I a new life for myself, she said with a smile. A had, would make

B would have, made C have, will have made D was having, would have made 6. Don t help my son, please. I rather he supper himself. He is an excellent cook. A would, will cook C would, cooked B had, cooks D had, had cooked 7. He wished he her the money. She never re turned it. A had lent C did not lend

B hadn t lent D lent 8. If I you, I him. It s high time you his advice. A were, would contact, would take B had been, would have contacted, would have taken C am, will contact, will take D were, would contact, took 9. He behaves as if nothing . But he forgets it is very important that he a chance of going there. A has happened, will take B had happened, take C was happened, should take

D happened, takes 10. If she half an hour earlier, she to see him before the departure. He was eager to say good-bye to her. A came, would be able B would come, was able C would have come, would have been able D had come, would have been able 11. It is desirable that she at the conference. Our director demands that everybody at 3 o clock.

A is present, comes B will be present, will come C be present, come D would be present, would come 12. You were not attentive. If you so nervous, you much better and so many mistakes A had not been, would have spoken, wouldn t have made B were not, would speak, wouldn t make C wouldn t have been, had spoken, hadn t made

D wouldn t be, spoke, didn t make 13. his letter, his life . I wish he anything. A Would the newspaper not print, wouldn t have ruined, had written B Had the newspaper not printed, wouldn t have ruined, hadn t written C Had the newspaper not have printed, wouldn t ruin, wrote D If the newspaper should not have printed, hadn t ruin, hadn t written 14.

He speaks to me as though he something on his mind. It s time he and everything to us. A had had, had come, had explained B had, came, explained C has, will come, will explain D had, should come, should explain 15. to the hustle and bustle of the city life, my annoy ance . A If I would return, would be over B Should I return, would be over

C Would I return, would have been over D If I had returned, had been over 16. Some simple vending machines require that the exact amount of money for a particular item . A will insert C be inserted B should insert D will be inserted 17. themselves at Victoria or Vancouver they themselves a large amount of money. A Had the miners outfitted, would have saved B Should the miners have outfitted, would have saved

C If the miners outfitted, would have saved D If the miners had outfitted, should save 18. Inspector Strickland, like myself, was suffering from a severe attack of bronchitis, which threatened to be come chronic if it immediately relieved, A were not C had been B would not be D would not have been 19. Parliament ordered that the customs office the taxes more efficiently.

A would collect C collect B collects D collected 20. National parks request that visitors wild animals. A not feed C would not feed B did not feed D do not feed Test 18 1. Since they were new to town and didn t yet have a doctor, Matthew insisted that she a taxi to the nearest hospital outpatient clinic.

A would take C took B take D takes 2. I pretended not to be interested in what they said, and treated them as if I their speaking. A would not have understood B had not understood C did not understand D do not understand 3. He wished they his embarrassment at the moment she was introducing him. A hadn t noticed B would have noticed C would not have noticed

D didn t notice 4. At first, when we began to laugh, the expression of his face was one of intense surprise as if laughter the very last thing he had expected to be greeted with. A was C had been B were D would be 5. If only enough money to tide over the present evil day, all well. A must be earned, might be B was earned, must have been C were earned, should be D might be earned, might be 6.

Even if I down there in the middle of the night, I my way all over that little town. A would be put, would be able to find B was put, could have found C were put, could find D had been put, would be able to find 7. But for his provisions they of hunger. A have died C would have died B had died D would die 8. They considered it necessary that she out-of-doors after 10

o clock. A would not be C were not B be not D is not 9. But, lest you , if I home by ten, don t expect me. A are alarmed, don t B would be alarmed, wouldn t come C were alarmed, hadn t come D should be alarmed, don t come 10. We the train if we faster. A would catch, had walked

B had caught, would have walked C would have caught, had walked D would have caught, walked 11. The sellers demanded that payment within five days. A were made B would be made C should be made D is made 12. Put down the address lest you it, A would forget B should forget C should not forget D would not forget 13. If I were you,

I it yesterday. A would wish, had been done B would have wished, had been done C wished, would have been done D had wished, would be done 14. The teacher required that everyone the meeting. A attend C would attend B attends D to attend 15 they would lose everything. A Would the contract be terminated B Should the contract be terminated

C Had the contract been terminated D Could the contract be terminated 16. If mother him to the skating rink in his child hood, he two times Olympic champion. A didn t take, would never have become B hadn t taken, would never have become C wouldn t take, had never become D wouldn t have taken, had never become 17. But for your help we in time.

A hadn t finished C should not have finished B would not finish D didn t finish 18. I anything for this not to have happened. A would have given C will give B have given D give 19. Missouri now requires that all children ages 7 to 16 in school. A shall enroll C will enroll B should enroll D enrolled 20.

A young woman odd if she the clothing that her grandmother had worn when young. A would look, wore B would look, had worn C would have looked, wore D looked, would wear The Preposition Test 19 1. He was very fond his sister and meant always to take care her. She was glad his company too. A of, of, with C of, of, of B for, for, of D with, for, for 2. He was very kind me, and took a great deal of notice

me, and paid a good deal of attention me and at last he proposed me. A to, of, to, to C towards, to, to, B of, for, for, at D of, with, towards, for 3 A little house stood the corner of the street. a distance it seemed white and pink because the bushes of roses surrounding it. A at, In, C at, At, of B on, On, from D in, From, 4.

A mountain river rushed the bottom of the valley and the whistling of a train was heard the far distance. A at, in C in, from B on, at D under, for 5. Four cottages with cheerful green and white windows stood an open place the big trees. A at, between C at, beneath B in, among D on, under 6. I am glad I ve explained you reasons chang ing and hope you are not angry me any longer. A , of, with C for, for, to B to, for, with

D , of, 7. They decided to go their car, and I was looking our trip all my heart. A by, upon, by B in, forward, with C into, to, at D in, forward to, with 8. She smiled me and said, I don t mind or ganizing the party if he has no objections giving it. A at, to, C for, from, upon B to to D at for 9. Mary shook hands a tall stout man sitting the chair the piano and introduced him me.

A with, on, beside, to B to, in, at, for C for, into, near, D with, in, at, for 10. my opinion, he was always a little ahead me. But he was a snob he was always interested , and envious those who had some sort of social position. A From, of for B In, of, in, of C On, from, in, D For, for, of, to 11. They met the British Museum and soon were en gaged examining its intensive collections

they had often visited the Museum, but that did not prevent them being surprised the richness of the Egyp tian collection. A in by C near, by, from, with B at, in, from, at D close to, on in 12. the whole, he never said much to me, but he was never harsh me. I don t remember his ever shouting me. A For, at, to C On, with, at B In, to, at D On, by, 13. He glanced

Mrs. Fang again. At that moment the lady old picked her spoon again and helped herself the cherry jam. A on with C at B to, up, by D at, up, to 14 He explained me that a great deal might depend my being able to answer a few questions that I maybe was not used answering. A to, upon, to, B , on for C to, on to D for, of, for, to 15. The Minister in charge medical research, in re ply questions, said,

We do not know the cause this new illness. We must find a way curing it, and there is a need research. We must not act a hurry. This is an international problem, and we cannot act ourselves. A for, to, of, for, for, in, by B of, to, of, of, for, in, by C over, of, of, to, for, in, by D of, to, of, for, in, at, with 16 He possessed a profound understanding of human na ture that was matched a brilliant technique not only

painting but also drawing. A with, with, with C with, in, in B by, by, by D by, with, in 17. His work made an enormous impact his contem poraries and influenced the style of many later artists. A on, on C on, B by, D with, on 18. Ireland is famous its contributions world lit erature. A for, in C for, to B of, of D as, for 19. A prime minister is appointed by the president nomination

by the lower house. The government is responsible the lower house of the national legis lature. A after, to C on, for B with, for D before, before Test 20 1. He knew Don Rodrigo only sight and reputa tion, and had never had anything to do him, beyond bowing his head the few occasions when he had met him. A on, by, with, in B by, on, about, on C by, by, with, on

D in, on with 2. It is so overwhelming that it can leave virtually every body system a state of collapse, and so ferocious that a patient can be dead minutes despite the best medical treatment. A in, in, of C with, through, of B in, in, D by, via, 3. The demand passage was so great that old and undersized ships were pressed service. A of, in C for, onto B on, on D for, into 4. She went and stood him and watched him a few moments her

cold way. A near, for, with C close to, with, in B about by D beside in 5. Though the air was smoky forest fires, in spite considerable rainy weather late, I tried some photographic work. A from C of for B from, of, of D with, of, 6. The steamer arrived Thunder Bay early the morning, and so ended the first half of our journey from Toronto to Fort Garry rail ninety-four miles, steamboat five hundred and thirty miles.

A in, in, by, on C at, in, by, by B to, in, by, by D to on, on 7. He took no notice her, and so at last she spoke him her friendly manner. A for, with, with C from, with, by B of, to, in D of, with, with 8. According the National Golf Foundation, which keeps statistics courses and players, more than one ten Americans now play the game. A to, on, in C to, of, from

B with, about, of D with, for, among 9. Seven our United States are vitally interested the great Colorado River which has a length of more than 1,700 miles and the phenomenal fall of 10,000 feet its head waters in the Rocky Mountains and its mouth in the Gulf of California. A from, in, among C in, with, among B of, in, between

D , by, between 10. She was named her grandmother. A to C for B with D from 11. Let us appeal reason. These facts speak in favour his being innocence. A for, of C with, for B to, of D for, for 12. the 1960s the economy has been chronically de pressed due declining fish stocks and slackened world demand the their products.

A For for C From, to, of B Since, with, of D Since, to, for 13. The development of machinery paper high-speed production has been largely responsible the in crease literacy and the raising of educational levels of people the world. A for, for, in, throughout B to, for, of, in C of, of, of, in D for, of, in, throughout 14. Why couldn t she have them friends than the silly boys she danced with

and who came Sunday night supper? A as on C , more, for B for, rather, to D by, rather, by 15. They would get much better people like these. A for, by C on, with B over, with D off, by 16. She loved giving orders the servants, and they loved obeying her. A , C , to B to, D to, to 17. Labrador is almost completely unsuitable agricul- ture, and the island of Newfoundland the poor soil and a short growing season prevent raising most of crops.

A for, in, C to, on, B for, on, from D to, in, from 18. Farming is only minor importance . the pro vincial economy. A , for C of, in B of, of D for, in 19. the end of the 19th century particular, the Western humanities and natural sciences split var ious disciplines. A In, in, in C At, in, into B At, at, at D In, in, into

Problem verbs Phrasal verbs Test 21 1. His father died a poor man and after that the family split . A on C out B up D in 2. Ask me questions and I will my best to answer them, he said and burst laughing. A do, in C do, out B make, out D make, in 3. Though it was clear that she was taken , she no comment on it, except by a scornful movement of the lips. A back, made C amiss, did B aback, made D along, did 4. He did not me his secret and

I was so curious to know that I made my mind to find it with Paul. A say, on, out C talk, up, in B tell, upon, off D tell, up, out 5. She awake all night thinking of what had hap pened. She felt that Jean had taken her from the very start. A laid, for C lain, from B lay, against D was lying, upon 6.

They looked a roof to live under before the cow weather set . A for, out B looked forward to, on C upon, off D for, in 7. Trafalgar Square is to have been about a hundred years ago. A said, lain C said, laid B told, lay D told, lied 8. Harrison who was laughing loudly suddenly broke . A out

C in B off D 9. Don t worry, Mom, Nick will soon get the disease. A on C against B over D after 10. Look, he is sleeping again! Yes, he can t break his habit of a bit after dinner. A off, laying C with, lying B out, lying D , laying 11. We expected him to join us, but he never turned A , up

C with, in B to, out D , upon 12. He turns to be a reserved person. I am sure he is keeping something . A on, on C out, back B out, out D on, down 13. The centre of the party was Mike who everybody laugh because he and said many things for fun. A made, did C did, did B made, made D did, made 14.

Don t get and every minute, you are getting my nerves. A up, down, on B to, fro, to C to, back, on D on, off, upon 15. Her two-weeks holiday in Greece her a world of good. She came fresh and so tanned as if she had been in the sun for months. A made, lying B did, laying C made, laying D did, lying 16.

The rebellion was put by the British, but not be fore extensive loss of life on both sides. A through C out B down D in Test 22 1. Consumption of natural resources dramatically every year as the human population increases and stand ards of living . A arises, raise C rises, rise B arouses, rise D raise, raise 2. It great stress on the heart, and in an older per son or someone with hypertension or a heart condi

tion, it can more harm than good. A places, make B puts, do C lays, make D influences, do 3. The number of golfers in the United States from 17.5 million in 1985 to 24.8 million in 1992 A rose C aroused B raised D lifted 4. Although novels with scientific underpinnings had been written before, Verne the technique of scientific verisimilitude to a fine art.

A rose C arouse B raised D lifted 5. Their life was set forthcoming severe winter and many attempts were to cross the mountains, but all who tried were driven back by the pitiless storms. A with, made B on, done C upon, made D by, done 6. But the majority of people are so intensely lazy and timid, that they prefer to encourage the imposition by giving to it rather than put an end it by the exertion of a little firmness.

A away, for C in, to B out, to D off, by 7. And he never sees what an ass he is of himself, and how he is annoying a lot of people who never him any harm. A doing, did C doing, made B making, made D making, did 8. I have a little money put for a rainy day. A down C away B off D out 9. He awake looking at the tiles in a geometric pattern.

A lay, lain C lay, laid B was laying, laid D was lying, lain 10. The valley took me to the time of his childhood when my Grandpa me on horseback and we rode together to the river. A , sat C away, sat B back, set D over, set 11. You will break if you work too hard. A down C up B over D ill 12. The police are attempting to put violent crime in the city.

A down C away B over D on 13. A strong cup of tea takes the weariness. A over C off B down D away 14. Measles broke in the village. A down C off B out D in 15. You d better paint the woodwork before rain sets . A C off B out D in 16. People began to sheep for wool about 6,000 years ago. A raise C arise B rise D arouse Part Two MISCELLANEOUS

Directions Complete the sentences below using the correct alternative from those marked A, B, C, or D. Test 23 1. He feels he responsible. He has never got well with his relatives. A may have been, on, daughter-in-law s B must be, along, daughter s-in-law C might have been daughter-in-law s D can t have been, on, daughter s-in-law 2. He was used to because he was a good storyteller and used

to tales about animals. A being heard, telling B be heard, tell C being listened to, make up D be listened to, making up 3. My marriage in 1996 me with three children. A set up, leaving B broke up, having left C went up, left D turned up, being left 4. While skating along full speed, they heard the cars from

Amsterdam coming behind them. A with, close C to, closely B at, close D on, closely 5. Just as she felt tears her eyes, the phone began to ring. She , listening to its rings, for several min utes. A come from, laid B having come into, was laid C to come in, laid D coming into, lay 6. He believed that he had made the matter of the final cost plain that the possibility

the money had really never entered his mind. A such, to lose, in B such, of losing, C so, to be lost, into D so, of losing, 7. I was by hearing my own name a whisper. A awoken, having spoken by B awakened, spoken in C awaken, speaking with D waken, speak with 8. Are you trying to make me that I need not grateful you?

A feel, to be, to B feeling, be, for C to feel, to be, with D feel, be, to 9. Here you are at . You us a note at ! A last, must have sent, last B last, might have sent, least C least, could have sent, least D least, should have sent, last 10 She the money to the boy. He does not know what the money .

A mustn t have given, is B may have given, are C needn t have given, is D might have given, are 11. She had been sitting there so long that she quite , and so hungry that she could not help into the kitchen. A raised, stiff, to go B rose, stiffly, going C raised, stiffly, to go D rose, stiff, going 12. I don t want to harm unless they me. I d rather by myself.

A somebody, harm, lived B anybody, don t harm, live C somebody, don t harm, to live D anybody, harm, live 13. No, you her beautiful. But she could get every body about her appearance because she had a lot of charm and was always dressed. A couldn t have called, forget, pretty B could have called, forget, prettily C couldn t have called, to forget, prettily

D might have called, to forget, pretty 14. Though he was busy a letter, he tried the discussion . A pretty, having written, to follow, close B prettily, to write, following, closely C pretty, writing, to follow, closely D prettily, written, following, close 15. She was writing as if she no time to breathe before she got the letter . A had, written C was having, writing B had had, to write

D were having, write Test 24 1. We . He arrived half an hour behind the time. A shouldn t have hurried, near, appointed B mightn t have hurried, nearly, appointing C needn t have hurried, nearly, appointed D mustn t have hurried, near, appointing 2. She had a glimpse of in the mirror hung rather on the opposite wall. A hers, high C her, highly B herself, high D herself, highly 3.

Mr. Black, who seemed his own dinner, down his fork and knife and drew his chair to the sofa, A forgotten, lay C to have forgotten, laid B to forget, laid D having forgotten, lain 4. He was the last man in the world by consid erations. A to trouble, so C being troubling, such B to be troubled, so D to be troubled, such 5. I don t feel sorry for her .

I can t entrust her any task though I her for three months. A being fired, with, have known B firing had known C having fired, by, have been knowing D having being fired, on, know 6. He sat down and I was made him. He seemed to let me for myself. A to sit near, to decide B sit besides, decide C to sit beside, decide

D sit by, to decide 7. She has made me that I thoughtless and self ish her yesterday. A to feel, might be, to B feel, might have been, of C feeling, should have been, towards D feel, may have been, to 8. I wish we at house but they ordered that we here. A was, Carter s, would stay B were, the Carters , stay C had been, the

Carter s, stayed D have been, Carter, should stay 9. The breakfast was delicious. coffee was hot and smelt and sandwiches were made new bread and country butter. A The, well of B , good, the, from C The, good, the, with D , well out of 10. It was no use of him. At last she her arms on the table and rested her forehead on them. A thinking, lay, flatly B to think, lain, flat

C to have thought, laid, flatly D thinking, laid, flat 11. If I could only have one flower, I would have , the small ones that grow and smell so . A lilies-of-the-valley, wildly, nicely B lily-of-the-valleys, wild, nice C lily s-of-the-valley, wildly, nicely D lilies-of-the-valley, wild, nice 12. She was not used to in any hurry . A to be, also C to be, neither

B being, either D being, too 13. evening I found a photo of taken after 1 came to live at Warley. A Another, me, short B Other, mine, shortly C The other, myself, shortly D The other, mine, short 14. The room was full the bubble and squeak of con versation. could hear that said. A of, Nobody, anything, no one B with, Anybody, nothing, anybody

C with, Somebody, nothing, nobody D of, Nobody, anything, anybody 15. Mrs. Brown was a teacher who brought the best in her students but their own best, not copied best. A up, anybody else C out, anybody s else B out, anybody else s D in, somebody s else Test 25 1. Mother and Uncle John are likely what 1 have done. A to approve of B The, the, approving of C The to have approved

D , the, to be approved 2. After leaving Constantinople, the way will be taken out through beautiful Bosphorus, across Black Sea to Sebastopol, run. A the, the a twenty-four hours B , the, the, a twenty-four hours C a twenty-four hour s D the, the a twenty-four hour 3. scissors, owing to the special warning of Moth er s, kept John s reach. A This, were, out of

B Those, is, from C These, were, out of D That, is, out of 4. I saw Herbert the idle . A is standing between, looker-ons B standing among, lookers-on C to stand, among lookers-on D stood among, lookers-ons 5. My hotel room looked across the vast field where no feeding. A into, sheeps were B out, sheep were C upon, sheep was

D up, sheep was 6. I was afraid cold, but it was summer night, and fine weather. A to be, a, a C to be B being, the, the D of being, a, 7. She put on dress of black silk with a jet brooch of her . A a mother s C a mother B the, the, mother s D a, the, mother 8. They went out into the wood that was flooded with , while were in the path.

A lily-of-the-valleys, forget-me-nots B lilies-of-the-valley, forget-me-nots C lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-nots D lily-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-not 9. A cat crept from the shadow of the gigantic barn. A hunting field mices B hunted field s mouse C having hunted field mouses D hunting field mice 10. You better a slice of ham or an egg, or with your tea.

A would, have, something B had, to have, anything C had, have, something D would, had, anything 11. I would be happier if there sharper to help our choice. A was, criteria, do B was, criterion, make C had been, criterius, choose D were, criteria, make 12. The crew who all asleep forgot a lantern. A was, to rise C was, to raise B were, to raise D were, to rise 13.

The staff, which consisted , ten people, unan imous in decision. A of, were, their C from, were, its B of, was, their D from, was, its 14. It is the first really party that I , and I feel a little . A grown-ups, have invited, uncomfortably B growns-up, have invited, uncomfortable C grown s-up, was invited to, uncomfortably

D grown-up, have been invited to, uncomfortable 15. Hardly speaking she heard short laugh in the last row. A had she finished, than, B she had finished, when, a C had she finished, when, a D she finished, than, Test 26 1. It s high time he better. It is necessary he an effort.

A studies, makes B studied, made C would study, will make D studied, make 2. His drawings are worth . I ve got one and above my table. A seeing, framed, hung B to see, to frame, to hang C seeing, framing, hanging D to see, framed, hanged 3. I am looking forward to but I think my husband is likely for two weeks or more.

A leave, to stay, the other B leaving, to stay, another C be left, to have stayed, other D being left, stay, others 4. These islands are said by . The Netherlands, their motherland, a sea-loving nation. A to be discovered, Danes, was used to be B to have discovered, the Danish, used to being C to discover, Hollanders, was used to being

D to have been discovered, the Dutch, used to be 5. It was a chance , so we made a list of things . A not to miss, be taken B not to be missed, to be taken C of not missing, being taken D of not missed, to be taken 6. You very if you went to bed late. A may feel, exhausted, such B could have felt, exhausting, so

C must have felt, exhausted, so D might feel, exhausting, such 7. We for two hours Jet s have a rest A can be walking, do we B ought to walk, don t we C might have walked, shan t we D must have been walking, shall we 8. What ass I have been! I of that simple fact. Providing he , I ll tell him everything.

A an, ought to have been aware, comes B the, should have been awaring, comes C , might be aware, will come D an, must have be awaring, would come 9. His face was quite expectant when I my answer, but you it when I finished. A has begun, should have seen B began, should see C began, should have seen D had begun, ought to see 10.

Bob is the of the two brothers. But his younger brother is taller than he is, A oldest, much more C elder, much B eldest, more D older, more much 11. He felt like in the fresh air. the garden en trance, he stopped at the flowers. A to work, Having arrived at, to look B working, Arriving to, looking C work, Arrived in, looking D working, On arriving at, to look 12.

We on Sunday but I feel as if I you all my life So I. A have met, had known, do B met, have known, have C met, had known, do D had met, had known, had 13. number of students present at the meeting considerable, so I should say that great number of them interested in the subject. A The, was, a, were B A, were, the, was C The, were, a, was

D A, was, the, were 14. The trip was and be was , but ten miles passed. A tiring, exhausting, other, were B tiring, exhausted, another, were C tired, exhausting, another, was D tiring, exhausting, the other, was 15. Only children can eat when the thoughts of a journey. A few, exciting at B little, excited on C a few, excited with

D a little, exciting by Test 27 1. Without to her, he began looking for a, flat near her house. A telling anything, parents B speaking something, parents C talking something, parents D saying anything, parents 2. he felt, more silent he had always been. A The more deeply, the B The deepest, C More deeply, D The deeplier, the 3. The words flowed from his pen, though he broke from writing frequently to look

definitions in the dictionary, A up, upon C out, up B off, up D in, for 4, I provided you to accompany me if you , I won t stir a foot. A will go, consent, will refuse B go, will consent, refuse C go, will consent, will refuse D will go, consent, refuse 5. twenty years and you ll all about it.

A Another, have forgotten B The other, forget C Other, be forgetting D The others, have been forgetting 5. She and Nick at each other for a moment with the kind of understanding they for a long time. A smiled, hadn t shared B were smiling, haven t shared C were smiling, hadn t shared D had been smiling, haven t shared 7. I woke, and looked at my watch it was five o clock.

I for four hours. A have been asleep C had been asleep B was asleeping D had been asleeping 8. He lost the case and was put into prison. I sup pose he his advisers. A the, should not listen to B , ought not to have heard C a, must not have heard D , ought not to have listened to 9. Remember your oil, water and lyres before you .

A checking, will set off B to check, set off C to have checked, sat off D having checked, will sit off 10. I can t help that he does so work. That is why he deserves the exam. A think, a little, failing B thinking, little, to fail C to think, little, to fail D thinking, few, failing 11. The guidebook suggests to the

Sydney Tower where you can spend more time the view over the city A to go, to enjoy C to go, enjoying B going, to enjoy D going, enjoying 12. He met of people but he knew. A the number, neither B a number, none C a number, neither D the number, none 13. mistakes are owing carelessness.

A , made, to C The, done, to B The, made, for D , made, for 14. Quite people were in the park as it was fine weather. A a few, C a little, B few, the D little, a 15. Would you like wine? No, thanks. I used to a lot in my youth, but then I gave up . A any, drinking so, drinking B any, to drink too, drinking

C some, to drink quite, to drink D some, to drink quite, drinking Test 28 1. Nick and I had a walk day, but of us pleased with it. A another, neither, were B the other, neither, was C the other, none, was D another, none, were 2. Though the cast all amateurs, the performance was a great success. There loud applause for the actors in the end.

A were, were B were, was C was, were D was, was 3. Mr. Chairman, discuss this question all day? I don t think it is worth so much time on this. A can we, spend B will we have to, spending C shall we be able to, to spend D need we, being spent 4. He comes here every day. He is looking forward to this vacancy. A other, give

B another, being given C other, being given D another, giving 5. I am glad I ve explained you my reasons chang ing. A , for C to, for B to, of D for, to 6. The doctor says the sick boy He will have to stay in bed for few days. A must not go out, another B needn t go out, other C shouldn t go out, the other

D shouldn t have gone out, others 7. When he went away, I wondered if he Mary when he home. A would telephone, came B would telephone, would come C telephoned, had come D telephoned, would come 8. He says he d rather billiards tennis, but I d prefer fishing. A to play, rather than, to go B play, than, go

C to play, rather than, going D play, than, to go 9. wicked always think that other people are as bad as . A , the, theirselves B The themselves C A, an, they D The, the, them 10. He never apologizes for his rudeness unless he to please . A before somebody, wants, anybody B to somebody, does not want, somebody C before anybody, does not want, somebody D to anybody, wants, anybody 11.

She is not person to give secret A the, away a C the, out the B a, out a Da, away the 12. Milky Way consists countless stars too faint to be seen . A The, from, separately B , of, separate C The, of, separately D , from, separate 13. We a lot more if we confidence in our mem- ones and knew how them properly. A remembered, would have, would use B had remembered, would have had, to use

C would have remembered, had had, used D would remember, had, to use 14. In old age, intellectual functioning is related . physical health. A closely, with a C closely, to B close, from D close, with a 15. peppers were widely grown in Central and South America in pre-Columbian times. A The the C The, the, B D , the, Test 29 1. Despite various assertions, you cannot learn when you are

A of, sleep C , asleep B , asleeping D of, sleeping 2. the night of October 7, a major fire broke in Chicago s timber yards and spread rapidly, thanks high winds and many wooden buildings that exist ed newer stone structures. A On, out, to, among B At, in, to, between C In, off, with, through D , out, to, between 3. One of legends says that trees hold up the sky and if they , a catastrophe.

A American s Indians , are cut down, there will be B American Indian s, will be cut down, it will be C American Indians , are cut down, there will be D American s Indians, will cut down, it will be 4. you are proficient in the Japanese language, you are sure a communications problem you visit

Japan. A If, to have, after B When, having, would C As, have, before D Unless, to have, should 5. For the sake of visit in Great Britain, it would not be reasonable for you months trying to learn English. A two or three-weeks, to spend B a two or three-week, to spend C two or three week s, spending D two or three weeks , having spent 6. winter is the coldest season

of year, between autumn and spring. A , a, the, the B The, the, the, the C , the D A, a, an, a 7. Remember those shoes while I am having my hair , she said to her husband. A to repair, doing C to have repaired, made B repairing, do D to repair, done 8. Two days after our arrival New York he phoned from

Boston and said that he to stay there for . A to, had decided, better B in, decided, all C at, would decide, best D in, had decided, good 9. While he was in prison, his wife sold all their possessions and went to live somewhere in west. She did not even go to prison before the departure to say good-bye to him. A the, the, the C , the, the B D , the 10. I realize that wrong has happened to you, but you can t

live without belief in these days. You should pull together. A nothing, something, B something, something, your C something, anything, yourself D nothing, anything, oneself 11. The deck stewards took care the door to the dining room closed because the smell of food made some of the passengers they dead. A to keep, to wish, were

B of keeping, wish, were C having kept, wishing, would be D keeping, to wish, had been 12. He suddenly remembered a boy fire to some petrol that had been spilt on the pavement. A to see, to set C seeing, set B see, setting D seeing, to set 13. He was standing at arm s length keeping silence. Not knowing what to do I took my specs and be gan to rub .

A away, on, it B , off, them C an, off, it D the them 14. It is how ideas come, like a of lightening. A funny, flash C funny, clap B funnily, stroke D funnily, bit 15. He was not at all like other patients when he was in hospital and though he often had sharp pain in his side, he never complained. A the the C a B an, the, a

D , an, the Test 30 1. The birth of computer and its American operat ing systems gave English language a nudge ahead that of Internet has given it a huge push. A the, the, the B a, an, an C D a, the, 2. There are no in your office I know. The staff on strike. The earnings of the company in creased this year, and the employees want

a pay rise. A people, is, has B peoples, are, have C people, are, have D peoples, is, has 3. You needn t to me those lies of . A explaining, your B have explained, you C to explain, yours D explain, yours 4. Why aren t we staying at Jasmine Hotel? It s than this one, but the facilities and service excel lent.

A the, much more cheaper, are B , much expensive, is C , quite more cheaper, is D the, much more expensive, are 5. Then he found in the room with a lot of white roses. other kind but white roses. A himself, Not, no C himself, No, nothing B , No, not D , Nothing, none 6. The sun so brightly and the sky was so blue that it seemed to him

May would never end. It was certainly different from any spring he , for spring was within him. A was shining, had ever known B shone, knew C had been shining, has ever been known D was shining, has ever known 7. The teacher couldn t bear and got everybody their seats. Then he suggested the test again. A cribbing, changing, writing B to crib, to change, to write C cribbing, to change, writing

D to crib, change, write 8. Before Guttenberg, books were largely priv ilege of monks and rich. A the, the, the, the B , a C , the the D the 9. Hardly in his native town he phoned her she was busy, she at her book for several days. A he arrived, when, was working B had he arrived, than, had been working C had he arrived, when, had been working D he had arrived, as, had worked 10. He got confused about the time of the meeting.

He fetched for his diary, but it was and not . A himself, John s, his B , John s, himself s C , John s, his D himself, John s, his one 11. She looked at him and her words sounded . A cold, sharp C cold, sharply B coldly, sharply D coldly, sharp 12. She was about a step, which, if , might lead to complications.

A taking, mistaking, further B to take, to mistake, farther C to taking, having mistaken, furthest D to take, mistaken, further 13. They their home the day before, and in spite the excitements of the travel, they both wondered if they had remembered the gas. A left, of, turning off B had left, of, to turn off C were leaving to turn off D had been leaving turning off 14.

If a year ago he that he was to undertake a trip of this sort he surprised. A had told, would be B would have told, would have been C has been told, will have been D had been told, would have been 15. It is late morning already. It is high time they down to business. A got B a, a, will get C the get D a got Test 31 1.

The outskirts of our town not worth looking at. There is a factory glossy paper and the scenery , dull. A is, having manufactured, are B are, manufactured, is C are, manufacturing, is D is, to manufacture, is 2. population of Venice of Marco Polo s times was little more than 50,000 citizens. A The a C A B , the, D The, the, a 3. I my work urgently and

I decided to have a stroll. A shouldn t finish B did not need to finish C must not finish D can t have finished 4. I prefer there rather than by train. As for me, I would rather there by car. A driving, going, not going B to drive, going, not go C to drive, go, not go D driving, to go, not going 5. The path grew and the horses climbed . A steeply, slow

C steeplier, slowly B steep, slowly D steep, slow 6. As a little girl she used to in the grass making in the fields of her grandmother s house. A lie, daisies-chains, in front B lying, daisy-chains, at the front C lie, daisy-chains, at the back D laying, daisies-chain, in the back 7. early capital of China Kaifeng was in the elev enth century the greatest city on earth with the population close to million.

A An, the, the B The a C , the, one D The 8. Though he the question thousands of times in his numerous excursions looking for a job, now he tongue-tied. A has asked, has felt B had asked, felt C was asking, was feeling D had asked, had felt 9. much like a boot, Italian Peninsula extends generally southeast into Mediterranean Sea. A Shaping the B Shaped, the, the

C Having shaped D Being shaped, the, 10. Such institutions as Bank of England, U.S. Federal Reserve System, or Bank of France, are charged regulating the system of a money supply. A the the, for, national B the, the, the, with, nation s C , the of, nation D in, nation s 11. If London is a place influence and money, it is also leisure metropolis.

A winning, do, B for winning, do, a C to win, make, a D to have won, made, 12. Rain is very in these parts, but once , it won t stop for days end. A rare, having begun, on B rarely, begun, in C rare, beginning, at D rarely, to begin, for 13. We cannot wait till the mother up her mind Find out please if it is necessary that the child this question.

A doesn t make, answers B won t make, will make C makes, answer D will make, should answer 14. Until 1960s the waters of London s rivers were as polluted as air. A the, the, the B C , the, the D the its 15. No sooner the button than the message he for the whole week on the screen. A he pressed, was expected, had appeared B he had pressed, was expecting, was appeared

C had he pressed, had been expecting, appeared D he was pressing, expected, had been appearing Test 32 1. I like travelling by train by car. of them is attractive. A either, or, Any B both, or, Each C either, and, Every D both, and, Either 2. waterway of south-central China represent ed a vast and largely safe network for inland trade.

A The, the, the B A the C The DA, the, a 3. Milky Way Galaxy takes its name from Milky Way, the irregular luminous band of stars and gas clouds that stretches the sky. A The, the, above B in C The, the, across D , the, through 4. Beside the spring the air smelled and with the scent of cut grass. A moistly, sweet, fresh B moist, sweetly, freshly

C moist, sweet, freshly D moist, sweet, fresh 5. One evening, shortly after my arrival, we over a glass of beer, when Jones to talk about those hab its of the natives which he to us before several times. A sat, was beginning, described B has sat, was begun, has described C had been sitting, had begun, was describing D were sitting, began, had described 6. time is needed to take care of him. Take nurse, this one is not .

A Much fewer, other, enough skilled B A lot less, another, skilled enough C Far few, the other, too skilled D Far little, other, so skilled 7. He was a person in the neighbourhood. The peo ple thought there was not a man alive who could do everything half as as he did. A highly respecting, well B high respected, fast C highly respected, well D highest respected, better 8.

City of Westminster, which stretches along River Thames, is one of the country s wealthiest bor oughs and includes Westminster Abbey and Westminster Cathedral. A , the B The C The, the D the, the 9. We stopped some petrol and saw a strange man. His clothes torn and dirty and needed . A getting, has been, to wash B getting, have been, being washed C to get, were, washing

D to get, was, to be washed 10. When raindrops fall through a cold layer of air, they may freeze impact with the ground to form very slippery and dangerous glazed ice that is difficult because it is almost transparent. A the, with, a, to see B , by for seeing C , on, a, to see D the, from seeing 11. Never such difficulties, he was a loss. A experiencing, in B having experienced, at C experienced, by

D having experienced, near 12. I haven t seen her, she standing in the shade. She it all. A has been, must have heard B was, may hear C is, should hear D had been, ought to have heard 13. He felt the last couple of days, but did not want to show it to Mary and he tned to climb the hill than . A exhausted, steadily, usually

B exhausting, steadier, usual C exhausting, more steadier, usually D exhausted, more steadily, usual 14. into the room I saw John at the window, but he appeared in his papers. This man knew how what he wanted. A On coming, sitting, being absorbed, get B After coming, sit, to absorb getting C Having come, being sat, to be absorbed got

D On coming, sitting, to be absorbed, to get 15 The new has arrived. Where shall we put ? A equipment, them C machineries them B machines, it D machinery, it Test 33 1 What joy it was for John in his childhood to climb up top of the hill and see town and river at his feet below. A , the, a, a C the, a, a, a B a, the, the, the D a, a, a, a 2

They were with each other. They said things, which would have been insults. A sharply, usually, brutalest B sharp, ordinarily, the most brutal C sharply, usual, awful D sharp, ordinarily, the awfullest 3. You me about their arrival. It was a surprise for me. A must have told B might have told C could have told

D may have told 4. I always regretted Egypt. I can t help its ancient civilization. A not visiting, admiring B do not visit, admire C not to visit, to admire D not having visited, to have admired 5. I him up, he the clock. A hadn t to wake, should have set B needn t wake, could set C didn t have to wake, must have set D needn t have woken, may set 6.

His of the language enabled him to understand the words of an old Italian Your wife took all the and went away with . A knowledge, belonging, it B knowledges, belongings, it C knowledge, belongings, them D knowledges, belonging, them 7. Milky Way Galaxy, sometimes simply called Galaxy, is a spiral system consisting of several stars, one

of which is Sun. A The, the, billion, the B billions, the C billions, D The, the, billions, 8. He looked back. The tops remained and against the sky. A mountain s, sharp, densely B mountains , sharply, dense C mountain, sharp, dense D mountains, sharply, densely 9. If I that you I certainly at home.

A knew, came, would have stayed B had known, would come, would have stayed C had known, would have come, would stay D knew, will come, will have stayed 10. It was not worth there. I wish you yourself to much trouble. A to go, had put, so B going, put, such C to go, didn t put, such D going, hadn t put, so 11. The period between Games was called

Olympiad. A four-years, the, the B four year , an C four years the D four-year, the, the 12. For three man has tried to map his world A millennium exact B millenniums, a, exact C millennia exactly D millennias, a, exactly 13. I am going to retire next month and I am looking for ward to quiet life after the pressure

I under for so many years. A having a, have been B have, had been C have, was D having a, had been 14. There are books in this box. Though he is a youth, he seems to lift it. A quite a lot, fifteen-years, strong enough B quite a few, fifteen-year, strong enough C quite a lot of, fifteen years , enough strong D quite a few, fifteen year s, enough strong 15. Do you hear the wind and the

Tain ? Many trees are reported down. A howling, pouring, to have been blown - B howl, pour, to be blown C howling, pouring, to have blown D to be howling, to be pouring, having been blown Test 34 1. wind was like ice, it had been snowing hard since morning. A The, the, C The B , s the D A, an, the 2. I used with boys in my childhood and I remem ber Granny me when

I came home with a black eye. A fighting, reprimanding B to fight, to reprimand C to fight, reprimanding D fighting, to reprimand 3. Near the centre of City stand St. Paul s Cathedral, Bank of England, Royal Ex change, Stock Exchange, and the rest of London s financial district. A the, the, the, the, the, the

B the the, the, the, C the the D , the 4. She and, looking in his face, said, What right do you have to question me? is nothing to tell you. A rose, straightly, There B raised, straight, It C rose, straight, There D raised, straightly, It 5. The situation is becoming . The main thing to do now is getting as soon as possible.

A threatening, in C threatened, through B threatened, out D threatening, away 6. Where is John? I for him for ages! Don t wait for him. When I came home an hour ago he his things. A have been waiting, was still packing B had been waiting, has been still packing C am waiting, had been still packing D have waited, had still packed 7.

I am sure fresh air and exercise will make me well. By studying early in the morning I will save of time. A , to sleep, plenty B the, sleep, a great number C , sleep, a great deal D the, sleeping, a lot 8. The news so unexpected that the boy was made his story twice. A was, repeat C were, repeat B were, to repeat

D was, to repeat 9. Do you see a woman the street? She is said a famous actress in 1950s. A having crossed, to be, B crossing, to have been, the C to cross, to have been, the D cross, to be, 10. Mr. Jones seems all about illnesses. He said that mumps not a serious disease and was noth ing to worry about.

A to be knowing, were, there B to know, was, there C knowing, was, it D to know, were, it 11. There no scenery at all, but the costumes, the sound and lights effects made the audience on the acting. A were, concentrate C were, to concentrate B was, concentrating D was, concentrate 12. I admit not this turn of events. But I . A to foresee, must have foreknown

B to foreseeing, ought to foreknow C foreseeing, should have foreknown D to have foreseen, need have foreknown 13. My Dad said one have a rest after a day of hard work. And you have to go there twice a week, you? A must, haven t you C must, don t B had to, haven t D will, don t 14. Something . She by 9. A must happen, must come B should have happened, was to come

C must have happened, was to have come D need have happened, had to come 15. The area of British Isles is about of Russia. A , seventy B the, a seventies C , the seventieth D the, a seventieth Test 35 1. Nick suggested there for two weeks. It was a brilliant idea. I wished I of it myself. A to go, had thought B go, thought

C going, had thought D to have gone, would have thought 2. She took clean napkin from drawer and laid it down at plate. A , the, a C a, the, the B a, a, the D the, the, the 3. City of London and West End are linked by Strand, an avenue upon which are located two of London s oldest churches, St. Clement Dane s and St.

Mary-le-Strand. A The, the, the B C The the, the, the D , the the, the 4. The telegram said that she would have trip anc come at sunset. Her visit was and he begai, to plan her reception. A three hour s, the, exciting B three-hour, the, excited C three hours exciting D a three-hour excited 5. They worked day and night, and seemed no progress.

A a, a, to do B a, a, to have done C the, the, to be making D to make 6. She was so lively and laughed so at oilier jokes that no one could help her. A merry, peoples , to like B merrily, people, to have liked C merrily, people s, liking D merry, peoples, to be liking 7. When he came to himself he saw people around as if they something else to happen.

A standing, were expecting B stood, had been expecting C to stand, would be expecting D stand, were expected 8. She had never learned the habit of command her habit was to ask permission. A a, a B , C the, the D , a 9. Mr. Blacke had a modest opinion of his brain, and even of his courage, but he was shocked too. A sufficiently, deeply C sufficiently, deep

B sufficient, deep D sufficient, deeply 10. He never anything good to . If he , he more support now. A made, somebody, had made, would have had B did, anybody, had done, would have C did, someone, did, would have had D made, anyone, would have made, would have 11. the door, Maggie found facing a stranger. She wanted to shut the door, but the stranger made a quick movement,

as if he going to stick his foot into the opening. A Having opened, herself, were B On opening was C After opening, herself, had been D Opening has been 12. I am afraid I don t understand you, Pete. I my mind. Have you changed ? A haven t changed, your one B didn t change, your

C haven t changed, yours D didn t change, yourselves 13. In Northern hemisphere, winter is com monly regarded as extending from the year s shortest day, December 22 or 23 to March 20 or 21, when day and night are equal in length. A the, the, the, the, B a, a, the C a, a, the, the, a D the 14. As the front door was , she could see through the house.

A widely-open, straightly B widely-open, straight C wide-open, straight D wide-open, straightly 15. You are not a beginner, you a car for four years. It is high time you the traffic regulations. A have been driving, would know B are driving, would have known C have been driving, knew D had been driving, would have known Test 36 1. to the office, he found out that

Harry had invested the bigger part of his money into the construction of the new hospital. He it without his solicitor s advice. A Having come, may not do B Coming, must not have done C On coming, must not do D Having come, could not have done 2. canaries and parrots are especially population and easy . Of these, parrot is widely kept and has been bred for a variety of colour types.

A to keep, the B The, the, keeping, a C for keeping, a D , the, kept, the 3. He was . He tried , but couldn t follow what . A in the end of his wits, to hear, was being told B at his wit s end, to listen, was being said C at himself s end, listening, was being saying D in his ends wits, hearing, was telling 4. He on the phone when

Emma came in. she been listening? A was speaking, Had C spoke, Was B is speaking, Is D had been speaking, Has 5. the photo he saw a group of people. Nick was the front, with Mary him. A In, in, close to C In, on, near B On, at, beside D At, at, at 6. His feelings were too for the words he himself had ruined his life and his family the

money. A deeply, stealing C deeply, having stolen B deep, by stealing D deep, to steal 7. Oh, Mr. Limon, I when I you again. I have one or two points to take with you. A was wondering, will see, in B have been wondering, see, on C am wondering, will see, up D had been wondering, saw, off 8. Though is a bit too pepper, the meat tastes rather .

A it, many, well C there, little, well B there, much, good D it, few, good 9. Middle Eastern countries of Iran, Iraq and Kuwait have number of super giant oil fields, all of which are located in Arabian-Iranian basin. A a, B The, the, the, the, the, the C The a, the D , the, the, the, the, 10. I propose the chairman and secretary .

A to elect C be elected B to be elected D elect 11. That evening she felt better that she insisted sitting a while in the high-backed armchair the window. A so much, upon, in, near B so more for, beside C so much, on, for, by D such more, on, for, at 12. Why, have you come me? was no need for you . A to meet, There, to bother B meeting, There, bothering

C to meet, It, bothering D meeting, It, to bother 13. I him about it he knew it already. A mustn t have told C needn t have told B can t have told D may not have told 14. They could recognize us in dark, that s why they did not stop to us. A hard, the, talking C ever talking B hardly, the, to talk

D never to talk 15. The epidemic of typhoid fever broke in the poor est district of the town. The authorities unable to cope it. A off, was, by C out, were, with B out, was, of D in, were, to Test 37 1. The hard disease prevented him doing anything at all. I often saw him lying on the sofa. A from, flatly

B off, flat C from, fiat D , flatly 2. We used to the valley at dawn and there enjoyed the scenery that changed every time when the sun . A to go rose B going, the, stood C to go raised D going, the, lifted 3. People who had never before cared the Browns now became familiar every moment of their life. A of, to C with, with B for, with D for, of 4. You can t have good crops unless you the soil. usually

poor without care and fertilizing. A don t cultivate, It is B will cultivate, They are C cultivate, They are D won t cultivate, It is 5. I guessed what mystery about. So Mary, but Pete . A were they talking, was, was not B they were talking, was, was not C were they talking, did, did not

D they were talking, did, did not 6. This was year of long sunshine. month followed upon month with little difference in sky. A the A, a, a, B a, the, The, the, the, the C a the D the, a a, the 7. He stared me as if I were from world. A , anyone, another B on, somebody, the other C at, anybody, the other D at, someone, another 8.

We arrived the station sunset. Nobody was meeting us. It was so impolite John to forget about his guests that we were a loss not knowing what to do. A in, by, for, in B at, at, of, at C at, at, of, with D by, by, from, by 9. The speaker a short pause to stress his words. The audience him with great attention. A did, was listening to

B made, was hearing C did, were hearing D made, were listening to 10. I would not think moment if I . A another, were to choose B the other, was choosing C no another, were choosing D any other, will be to choose 11, A real change of air and would be very for your son if you it, the doctor said. A surroundings, helping, would arrange

B surrounding, helpful, arrange C surroundings, helpful, could arrange D surrounding, of much help, arranged 12. Whatever you do, don t do it the spot. But re member you shouldn t do everything purpose, something must be said chance, it will be more probable. A for, for, for B on, on, on C in, by, on D on, on, by 13. I did not want to wait the lift. I climbed the stairs, three , to the fourth floor.

A for, at a time C for, on time B , in time D , in the time 14. When a large vessel wants to pass Tower Bridge, a policeman halts the heavy traffic passing over it, and powerful machinery slowly the roadway, half to one side and half to . A beneath, a, raises, another B under raises, the other C down, a, rises, others D below rises, the other one 15

You are a fool all his stories. He has made them all . A to listen, out B to hear, on C to listen to, up D to listen to, off Test 38 1. The resorts at the Red Sea are sard ones of the best in Africa. Imagine there in winter, A to be, to go C to be, going B being, going D being, to go 2.

If you the road sign, you with that car. A had noticed, would not have collided B would have noticed, hadn t collided C noticed, would not have collided D notice, would not collide 3. It is no good a car in such nasty weather. A to use C using B to have used D use 4. The borough includes Buckingham Palace, the principal government offices, important shopping cen tres, luxury hotels,

Tate Gallery and Na tional Gallery. A the, the, the C the B D , the, the 5. He had already got up and was about . He was an old friend of . A to leave, ours C to have left, ours B leaving, us D having left, us 6. But there was no way out he was in debt. A another, deeply B other, deeply C the other, deep

D other, deep 7 After you have set your objectives, remember them in a list. Anything that is worth should go on this list. A to enter, doing C entering, to do B by entering, doing D having entered, have done g. It was difficult me to think these were her real reasons to get rid me. A for, to want, from C for, for wanting, of B to, of wanting, of

D of, to want, with 9. Though the girls are young, the majority of them reached the stage of caring comfort and decora tions. A have, for C has, for B have, of D has, of 10. It used that oil-exporting countries depended on the oil-importing countries just as much as de pended on . A to be said, the first, the former B being said, the latter, the second C to say, the first, the second

D to be said, the latter, the former 11. Ann quietly and seemed . A breathed, to be asleeping B was breathing, to be asleeping C was breathing, to be asleep D breathed, to be asleep 12. He felt it sounded and kept . A unnaturally, silent B unnaturally, silence C unnatural, silent D unnatural, silently 13.

English theatre director Peter Brook is found er of the company. A The, the C , the B , D The, a 14. They regarded manual work degrading. A a, as C , to be B , as D a, being 15. In some households the man was referred the master . A for, like C to, as B , as D on, as Test 39 I 1. He was just a year than John, but was alread and much .

A younger, as taller, strong B as younger, taller, stronger C younger, as tall, stronger D as young, as tall, more stronger 2. She regarded it her duty to come and read me dusk when I could not make lines in the book. A in, out C like, to, in, off B as, to, at, out D to be at, through 3. She remembered that she would try, so she did not regret his

offer. A promising, accepting B to promise, to accept C promising, to accept D to promise, accepting 4. She was at so early and insisted that Jim . A irritating, awakening, would leave B irritated, being awakened, leave C being irritated, being awakened, should leave D irritated, being awakened, left 5. She rather alone. A had, to leave C had, leave B would, to be left

D would, be left 6. general education is perhaps more important than exact knowledge of some particular theory. A , C an B A, an D A, 7. They had three little boys, one is a baby, others twins of nine. A , the C , B the, D the, the I. She stretched out on the sofa. A her, flat C herself, fiat B , flatly D herself, flatly Nobody gets unless they it. A something, ask C anything, don t ask for

B anything, ask for D something, don t ask 10. Sensible, mothers play big part in their chil dren s life despite working and having a full-time nanny. A interesting B interested, a, C interesting, a, of D interested of 11. He looked forward to the position but soon he realized that decision-making is art and meant hard work. A get, an, C get an, a , B getting a

D getting, an, 12. He after me since my mother . A has looked, died C looked, has died B has looked, has died D looked, died 13. If anybody me I them what had happened. A had asked, would tell B asked, must tell C had asked, could have told D asked, would have told 14. He behaved as though there nothing . A was, to be ashamed

B were, to be ashamed of C had been, being ashamed D were, being ashamed of 15 Her white dress and a lace umbrella made her as though she to a garden party. A to look, had come C look, had come B looking, came D look, would come Test 40 1. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of the four oceans, covering more than third of the surface and containing more than half of its free water.

A world s, a, earth, a B world earth s, a C world s, a, earth, D world s, a, earth s, a 2. During Age of Discovery late 15th and early 16th centuries , Spain and Portugal produced number of explorers whose discoveries of new lands and peoples expanded the horizons and borders of these nations. A the, the, a C a B the D the, the, the 3. Fleshy fruits that will be eaten typically are har vested hand to ensure

that they will be free from blemishes, a quality by most consumers. A freshly, on, preferable B fresh, with, preferred C fresh, by, preferred D freshly, by, preferable 4. Although called lead pencils, they do not contain of that metal but are composed of a mixture of graphite and clay. A common, some, the B commonly, any, the

C commonly, any, D common, some, 5. The rise and spread of Christianity increased the de mand permanent religious documents. A on, writing C for, writing B for, written D on, written 6. Rainbows are seen when sunlight from behind the observer strikes the raindrops acting tiny prisms. A , as C an, as B a, as D a, like 7. The family performed number of functions that larger institutions

now provide. The father, head of the family, educated his sons, servants ancd appren tices. Women instructed their daughters a house hold. A the, like, how to run B a, like, in how running C a, as, in how to run D the, as, how running 8. The Olympic Games in Athens, Greece , in 1896, two years after French educator and thinker Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the

Olympic Games of an cient Greece to promote a more world. A had begun, to be revived, peace B began, revive, peace-loving C began, be revived, peaceful D began, to revive, peace-mined 9. in 1891 with a single area in Wyoming, by late 1980s the National Forest System had expanded to more than 77 in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. A Beginning, the, million hectares

B Having begun million hectares C Beginning, the, millions hectare D Begun million hectare 10. Between 1950 and 1990 the world population doubled to 5.3 , with 80 living in developing, or poorer, nations. A billions, near, percents B billion, almost, percentage C billion, nearly, percent D billions, close to, percent 11. If governments required that all oil tankers with double-layered hulls,

the damage fisheries and wild life from the many oil spills of the 20th century A fit, of, may reduce B should be fitted, to, must be reduced C would be fitted, towards, must have been reduced D be fitted, to, may have been reduced 12. Chronic water shortages exist in Africa and drought is common over much of the globe.

A the most B the majority C most of D majority of 13. man is a worshipper of idols and a lover of kings. A , natural C , naturally B A, naturally D The, natural 14. These colonies stayed the coastline, never pene trating far inland, and in fact each was linked to England than to colonies. A near, more closer, the other B close, closer, other C about, nearer, others D close to, closer, the other 15.

In addition to using taxation money, governments may change taxes social and economic objectives, or political popularity certain groups. A to have, achieving, from B by collecting, to achieve, on C on rising, having achieved, of D to raise, to achieve, with Test 41 j 1. The war left Britain in debt, however, and the British Parliament insisted that the prosperous colo nies pay for

the cost of protecting them. A deep, should help C sharp, should help B deeply, help D sharply, would help 2. If you are going to be taking flash pictures, remember that the film, the distance at which your flash will operate successfully. A the faster, the greater B the fastest, the greatest C faster, more greatly D the fast, the greatly 3. the site of the

Olympic Games, the IOC consid ers number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely the Games effectively. A Selecting, the, to stage B Having selected, a, to have staged C In selecting, a, to stage D Selected, the, to have staged 4. ten minutes of thought got me no to an answer. A Still, closer C Another, closer B Other, close

D The other, close 5. Most of our party old friends of , but among them was a newcomer a young man with a beard, who charge of the local museum. A was, us, has lately taken B were, ours, had lately taken C was, ourselves, had been lately taken D were, our, lately taken 6. He sniffed it again it made him feel somewhere inside, because it reminded him of something, but he couldn t remember what. A deeply uneasy

C deep uneasy B deeply uneasily D deep uneasily 7. She stood looking the window. A motionlessly, into C motionless, out from B motionless, out of D motionlessly, in 8. The living room looked as if an army through. The Murdocks all their friends and , judging from the results. A had just passed, must have brought, everybody else s

B just passed, may have brought, everybody else C was just passing, must bring, everybody else D was just passing, may have brought, everybody s else 9. He had his Christmas shopping and brought home package. A done, late, a C made, late, a B made, lately, the D done, lately, a 10. halos are seen when sunlight or moonlight in front of the observer strikes ice

crystals and then passes high, thin clouds. A The, the, over C , the, away B through D The by II. Jack said that unless I his advice they my business. A would not take, ruined B would take, would have ruined C had taken, would ruin D hadn t taken, had ruined 12. Matthew Carey wrote in the early 1800s that in his opin ion man should

always treat his wife equal, but today s feminists would shudder at of his advice. A like, many C like, a great number B as, many D as, much 13. This letter shows that, while the emphasis on religion was greater now, many of the other pa rental concerns expressed are timeless. A nearly 300-year-old, than then B near 300-years-old, then than C nearly 300-year-old, then than

D near 300-years-old, than then 14. differences arise between husband and wife, the contest ought to be, not who will display the most spirit, but who will the first advances. A When, do C Providing, make B Unless, do D While, make 15. with travel and greatly discouraged, we reached the shore of the Great Salt Lake. It had taken an entire month, instead of a week, and our cattle not fit to cross the desert. A Wearing, to, was C Being worn, to, were

B Worn were D Having worn was Test 42 1. Modern cameras, film, and processing it easier than ever to create , focused photographs. A makes, good-exposing, sharply B make, good-exposed, sharp C makes, well-exposing, sharp D make, well-exposed, sharply 2. A good husband will always regard his wife his equal and never address her with an air of authority, as if she a mere housekeeper.

A to be, were C as, were B be, was D being, are 3. He was elected president to a term. A the, five-years B a, five-year s C , five-year D , five-years 4. The Committee of opinion that nothing would be gained by attempting to down a Constitution for the British Empire. A are, lay C are,

He B is, lay D is, lie 5. We so accustomed the concept of liberty that we are completely ignorant of what is meant to slavery. A had become, to, to submit B have become, to, by submitting C became, of, by submitting D have become, for, on submitting 6. When I say nothing, I mean nothing, I mean I can t talk about. A neither, nor, anything

B both, and, something C either, or, something D either, and, anything 7. in these thoughts, he reached his house, which was at the end of the village, and hastened to unlock the door with the key that he in his hand as he walked along. A Having lost, was holding readily B Lost, had been holding ready C Being lost, held readily D Losing, has been holding ready 8 If he could not help sides, he always sided with of the two contenders

- very circumspectly, how-ever and making every effort to show party that he had no real feelings of enmity towards him. A to take, the strongest, the weakest B take, the strongest, the weaker C taking, the stronger, the weaker D taking, the strongest, the weakest 9 But above all he used to against those of his col-leagues who took the risk of supporting and oppressed against a powerful bully.

A declaiming, weak C declaiming, the weak B declaim, the weak D declaim, weak 10 She in front of him with hands on hips and el- bows pulled forward, glaring at him as if she to tear the secret out of his heart. A was standing, wanted B was standing, has wanted C stood, was wanting D stood, wants 11 I d rather you go there. The snow is many in depth, not less than seven or eight .

A would not, foot, somewhere B did not, feet, anywhere C do not, foot, everywhere D not to, feet, nowhere 12. You will be free as soon as you twenty-one, but I am a slave life. A will be, to C will be, for B are, for D are, to 13. The number of the boats and the names of the crews and passengers kept, so that in the event of a boat

, or a person from it, we would be able to get and give a clear account of everything. A were, being wrecked, missing B were, wrecked, missed C was, being wrecked, missing D was, wrecked, missed 14. My mother, though a young woman, was not strong and in delicate health for many years, yet when sorrows and dangers came upon her she was brav est of brave.

A was, the, C had been, the, the B has been, the, the D was 15. The family all asleep, so we children down on the ground. A was, lay C were, lay B was, laid D were, laid Test 43 1. Let the husband treat his wife, and the wife her husband with much respect and attention, as he a strange lady, and she a strange gentleman. A treated, as, would treat

B treat, so, treats C treat, as, would treat D to treat, so, to treat 2. An important agreement was reached the United Kingdom and its former colonies, which were known as dominions. These self-governing portions of British Commonwealth included Australia, Ireland, South Africa, and Canada. A among, the, the C between, the, B between D among the 3. Practically, old have no very important ad vice to give young.

A C the the B the, a, the D the 4. Generally, the film s speed or sensitivity to light, the quality you ll get in terms of color-and fine detail. A the lowest, the, the highest B lower higher C the lower, the, higher D the lower the higher 5. Early evidence that cattle used for draft, milk, sacrifice, and, in some instances, for meat and sport. A indicate, was C indicate, were B indicates, were

D indicates, was 6. a recreational activity, pony trekking seems in the western United States in the first half of the 19th century. A Like, to have originated B As, to originate C Being, to have been originating D As, to have originated 7. She had bread for hungry, clothes for naked, and comfort for beggar that came within her reach. A every C the each B the, the, every

D , the, each 8. I loathed them as being as as of men. A the most meanest, same, the most wicked B the meanest, too, the wickedest C the meanest, well, the most wicked D the mean, so, the wicked 9. I was fond of these stories and evening after evening would go into grandma s room, sitting with my back against the wall so that no warrior could slip behind me with a tomahawk.

A an, an, close C the, the, closely B close D , an, closely 10. Their party so tired and with the day s la bour that they declared they another step. A was, exhausted, would not take B were, exhausted, would not take C was, exhausting, should not take D were, exhausting, could not take 11. The cattle killed, and the meat was placed into deep snow for preservation.

A was, the C was, B were, D were, a 12. He seemed dissatisfied, so we asked him if there was that we could do for him. A to be, something farther B to have been, anything far C to be, anything further D to have been, something farther i 13. At last my father arrived house with the little ones, and our family again united. A to, Mr. Sinclair, were B at, Mr. Sinclair s, were

C in, Mr. Sinclair s, was D to, Mr. Sinclair s, was 14. It was a long while before I could get him a view of the subject. A take, more fairer C to take, fairer B to take, more fairer D take, fairer 15. I never saw a party up so , and with little fuss. A break, quietly, so B breaking, quietly, such C breaking, quiet, such

D break, quiet, so Test 44 1. Can I ever forget that night in the desert, when we walked in darkness, every step seeming to be the very last we could ! A a mile after a mile, the, make B male after mile take C mile after a mile make D mile after mile, the, take 2. The young men said it was the funniest song that , and that they would get

Mr. Brown, whom they knew very well, it. A had ever been written, to sing B have ever been written, sing C had ever been writing, sing D have ever been written, singing 3 Out on the mountain it was blowing twice and in our faces. A harder, direct C as hard, directly B as harder, directly D hard, direct 4. people realize just how common depression is, how it can be and that it is among worry

A A few, severely, the most prevalent B A few, severe, the most prevalent C Few, severe, most prevalent D Few, severely, most prevalent 5. She had dark and abundant hair, glossy that threw off the sunshine with a gleam. A a, such, they C the, so, it B , so, it D , such, they 6. She before she to the altar that she would never allow herself to flirt and she .

A resolved, had gone, had never flirted B had resolved, went, had never flirted C had resolved, had gone, never flirted D resolved, went, never flirted 7. He liked , to be petted and , to be well fed and caressed. A to be kindly treated, praised B to kindly treat, to praise C being kindly treated, praising D be kindly treated, praised 8.

Newspapers were filled the accounts of men who claimed to have become rich overnight by picking gold out of wondrous earth. A of, California B with, California s C with, California D of, California s 9. The police right to raider headquarters and their arrests. A go, make C goes, make B goes, makes D go, makes 10. It made her that it was curious how much a person looked when he smiled.

A thinking, more nicer B think, nice C to think, more nice D think, nicer 11. The ice was broken ladies and gentlemen, who aloof all the week, addressed each other , and all began now to express sorrow that they part so soon. A had been keeping, free, had to B had kept, free, must C had kept, freely, were to D had been keeping, freely, should 12.

In the morning we arose early to view our daylight and were pleased to find the camp in good condition as we had left it a year ago. A surrounding, in, such B surroundings, by, so C surroundings, by, as D surrounding, in, as 13. The commerce on Lake Superior is increasing every year and it is desirable that the Americans a ca nal for and the largest steamers. A have, enough large, man s-of-war

B would have, enough large, man-of-wars C should have, large enough, men-of-war D had, large enough, men-of-war 14. He told us we a long night drive ahead of us, and better on the hike. A would have, would, were B would have, had, to be C had, had, be D had had, would, were 15. There were of the signs of spring for which I used in Virginia. A nothing, to watch C no, watching

B none, to watch D some, watching Test 45 1. We started in the evening, travelled all that night, and the following day and night two nights and one day of suffering thirst and heat day and piercing cold night. A from, by, by C from, in, at B of, by, by D of, during, during 2. He was a man who , but he was a man for love. A must be loved, hard B should love, hard C might be loved, hardly D may love, harder 3.

She walked back into the first kitchen garden she and found the old man there. A had entered, dug C entered, having dug B entered, to dig D had entered, digging 4. was the first voyage which the fall of the rapids of the lower Colorado canyons measured with precise instruments. A Our, during, were C Our, in, were B Ours, on, was

D Ours, by, was 5. I do not remember the Missouri River, or any thing about a journey through Nebraska. A crossing, days , the B to cross, day s, C crossing, day s, D to cross, days , the 6. When I was little I used down there to hear them beautiful talk, what I never hear in this country. A to go, talk, like C to going, talking, as

B to go, to talk, like D to going, talking, like 7. You those slippers any more. They re too small for your . You d better them to me for Mary. A oughtn t wear, foot, give B should not have worn, feet, to give C should not wear, foot, to give D oughtn t to wear, feet, give 8. Saskatchewan, one of the larger rivers of

North America, takes its source in the rugged fast nesses of Rocky Mountains, and flows eastward over the sparsely inhabited plains of southern Cana da till it reaches Lake Winnipeg. A The, the, the, the, B The the C , the the, the D the 9. It a trial for our mothers, said Helen, com ing out here and having to do everything .

My mother had always lived in town. A should be, differently B must have been, in a different way C may have been, in a differently way D may be, different 10. Cowboys keep the cattle together, guide to pasture and prevent from being mixed with other herds. A it, it C it, their B it, its D them, their 11. The day passed , for, as progress in the right direction, all the passengers willingly .

A pleasant, was made, enjoyed B nice, was been made, enjoyed themselves C pleasantly, was being made, enjoyed themselves D nicely, was being making, enjoyed 12. The time when the wealthy men of our great North west their summer residences on these hills and shores. A will come, will have B will come, have C comes, will have D comes, have 13. How you look! I called. So ! they shout ed altogether, and broke into peals of laughter.

A pretty, are you C pretty, do you B prettily, you are D prettily, you do 14. In summer, when the trees were , he used there with his friend that played trombone. A in bloom, sitting, B in blossom, sitting, the C in flowers, to sit, D in bloom, to sit, the 15. After my father , my grandmother never let my mother into her house again. A married to her, to come B married her, come C got married her, come

D got married to her, to come Test 46 1. It s high time we . At daybreak we ll walk down the bank of the river, on a little sandy beach, a view of a new feature in the canyon. A will start off, the, to make B start off making C started off to take D should start off, the, taking 2. Nick looked as if he something, but afraid A liked to say, was, of starting

B felt to say, were, to start C felt like saying, were, of starting D liked saying, was, to start 3. Sometimes the police failure and to retreat when not successful. A experiences, has, it is B experience, have, they are C experience, must, they are D experiences, is, it is 4. farmers plow with horses these days, but other respects the old ways live in Provence. A Few, in, on

C A few, with, B Few, on, on D A few, by, 5. Jake me and took me by hand. A rose, the C roused, the B arose, D awoke, 6. Mrs. Shimmer grandfather ten dollars for a milk cow, and him fifteen as soon as they harvest ed their first crop. A had paid, was to give, another B paid, had to give, other C had paid, had been to give, more D had paid, had to give, the other 7.

I remember up and down my sunny little room . A to pace, morning after morning B pacing, morning after morning C to pace, from morning to morning D pacing, the morning by the morning 8. The family now to begin their struggle with the soil. A have been, fair equipping B is, fairly equipped C has been, fairly equipping D have been, fairly equipped 9. them with about provisions, he started

out with a party of seventeen, all that able to travel. A Leaving, a seven-day, were B Having left, seven days , were C Left, seven day s, was D Leaving, a seven-day, was 10. Breathless from the altitude, my legs from the climb, I muttered , Unbelievable! What glo rious, incredible sight!

A trembled, aloudly, a B trembling, aloud, a C trembled, loudly, D trembling, in a loud voice, 11. On his first dive, a shark swam out of dark and made off with it, trailing a foam float. A 12-foot-long, B 12-feet-long, the C 12-foot-long, the D 12-feet length, 12. There were several places where it was possible for a boat to into trouble but with good luck and handling there did not appear enough risk.

A get, reasonably, careful B put, reasonable, carefully C catch, reasonably, careful D keep, reasonable, carefully 13. I was used to the old people at home about it. They said he her money to get rid of her. A hear, whispering, must have paid B hearing, whisper, might have paid C hear, whisper, had to pay D hearing, whispering, ought have paid 14.

But since the 1960s they by a new type of invad er, less brutal but more relentless . A have ever more overrun, a tourist B are being more and more overrun, the tourist C are increasingly overrun, tourists D have been increasingly overrun, the tourist 15. Despite this new assessment, however, many scholars still agree that Schliemann invaluable contributions the field of archaeology.

A of, made, in C , made, to B , did, into D of, did, to Test 47 1. Correspondence courses are especially suitable for physically handicapped and homebound. Special pro grams are designed for blind and for parents of deaf children. A , the, the C the, the, the B the, the, D 2. For 800 years University of Oxford minds and confounding outsiders in equal measure.

A the, has been polishing, roughly B , has been polished, rough C the, had polished, roughly D , had been polishing, rough 3. Accustomed to on his master and the con versation of refined and educated gentlemen, he had very little of the dialect of Negro. A wait, listen, a, B waiting, hear, the, a C wait, listen to the D waiting, hearing the 4. The history of sea power is , though no means solely,

a narrative of contests between nations, of mu- tual rivalries, of violence frequently resulting war. A large, by, to C large, with, to B largely, without, in D largely, by, in 5. The feature which the steamer and the galley have common is the ability to move in direction independent the wind. A in, both, of C in, any, of B on, the same, on D on, each, on 6. For the past 20 years, city policy to discourage people driving

to the centre by reducing number of parking spaces, and fees. A had been a, raising B has been, on, the, rising C was, to, a, arising D has been, from, the, raising 7. Schliemann s career as an archaeologist late in his life, after he wealth in business. A has begun, has accumulated B began, had accumulated

C had begun, accumulated D had begun, had accumulated 8. Orville Wright was born in Dayton, Ohio. He and Wilbur attended high school in Dayton, but boy formally graduated high school. A the, none of, from B , each, C , neither, from D the, no, 9 Bullfinch a farmer in Hudson Valley for the past 50 of his 65 years. A Graying and tanned, has been, the

B Graying and tanning, has been, C Grayed and tanned, is, the D Grayed and tanning, was, 10. But now don t let anyone that, like the common lot of speech-makers, I m going to begin with a defini tion and then go on up mv tonic that least of all. A to expect, to divide B expect, to divide C expect, dividing D to expect, dividing 11. The role of the oceans as early highways me, and

I have spent the better part of my life trying to disprove that the sea was a barrier to human travel and cultural exchange. A mens , always fascinated B man s, has always fascinated C men s, had always fascinated D man s, has always been fascinated 12. She this name of Bovary, which was , to be illustrious, to see it displayed at the , repeated in the newspapers, known to all France. A would wish, her, bookseller s

B wished, of her, booksellers C was wishing, of hers, bookseller s D would have wished, hers, booksellers 13. She kept they must be economical they were not rich. A on saying, though B say, till C saying, since D to say, as 14. I have called you to give you words of advice and to tell you the reason my present purpose. A several, the, of C a few for B few for D some, the, of 15.

I remember to a colleague, after I here for a few months, that I didn t think I was ever going to understand how . A remarking, was, did it all work B remarking, had been, it all worked C to remark, have been, it all worked D to remark, was, did it all wort Test 48 1. People to devise printing methods for centuries before breakthrough.

A had been trying, Gutenberg 15th-century s B have been trying, Gutenberg s 15th-century s C had tried, Gutenberg 15th-century D had been trying, Gutenberg s 15th-century 2. champagne is a sparkling wine by a tradi tional method in the Champagne region in north eastern France. A The, produced, the B , produced, C The, to be produced, the

D , to be produced, 3. their Web sites, Internet booksellers allow buyers from an enormous selection of books. A Through, to choose C Via, choosing B Through, choosing D Because of, to choose 4. computers are used extensively in scientific to solve mathematical problems, display complicated data, or model systems that are too or impracti cal to build. A The, researches, cost B The, research, cost C , research, costly 0 , researches, costly 5. steam

engine transformed the industrial world as other technologies have as this invention liberated people from the limitations of their own muscles and made the factories that drove the Industrial Revo lution. A The, a few, possibility C A, a few, possible B The, few, possible D A, few, possibility 6. how important electricity is to everyday life, think of what when the power in a storm. A Having understood, happens, will go out

B To understand, happens, goes out C To understand, will happen, will go out D To have understood, will happen, goes out 7. After horses and later steam engine came the telegraph, and the world the same since. A the, the, was never C had never been B , the, has never been D the, a, had never been 8. Only about 700 the 2,220 passengers of the Titan ic were rescued, but the number of survivors if other

ships had not arrived when they did. A from, must have been, low B in, could have been, more lower C of, might have been, much lower D out of, ought to have been, far lower 9 There is evidence that people from Iceland landed in what is now northeastern Canada around 1000 AD, but experts believe this fact was unknown in medieval

Europe. A an, the, the C the B the, the, D 10. Columbus never set on North American mainland. A foot, C foot, the B feet, D feet, the 11. The artist spent four years on his back on a scaffold in the Sistine Chapel to complete the master piece on the ceiling. A flat, high, painting B flatly, highly, painted C flat, highly, painting

D flatly, high, painted 12. considered the greatest artist of his own time, Michelangelo is still seen as a key the flowering of the Renaissance and is the standard which all sub sequent artists are measured. A Widely, of, on C Widely, to, against B Wide, to, of D Wide, towards, to 13. indulgence was a monetary payment that prom ised the release from punishment

after death for sins committed during a lifetime. A The, soul, person s C , souls , person s B An, soul s, personal D The, soul s, person s 14. Galileo built the first telescope for astronomical pur poses, observed that Milky Way consisted of stars, articulated the laws of bodies in motion, and dis- covered Moon s craters, Jupiter s largest four satellites, sun spots, and the phases of

Ve nus. A the the, the, the, the B the the C , the the, the D , the the 15. After distinguishing himself for the British army during the French and Indian War, Washington was elected commander-in-chief of the Conti nental Army. A to fight, a, colony s B having fought, the, colonies C fighting colonies D having fought colony s Test 49

I 1. Beethoven studied with Mozart in his teens. A shortly, during C a little, meanwhile B briefly, while D deeply, 2. The two composers contemporary rivals if Mozart in 1791 at the age of 35. A must have become, did not die B should become, had not died C could become, did not die D might have become, had not died 3.

Until the 19th century, a married woman hold property in her own name. And, of course, women were not allowed . A must not, voting B was not able, for voting C could not, to vote D should not, being voted 4. I am afraid I , he murmured, and before I , I insist on your answering a question I put you some time ago. A should go, am going, for

B must be going, go, to ought to go, would go, to D must go, am going, 5. After I in the room about ten minutes, talking to these tedious academicians, I suddenly conscious that someone at me. A have been, have become, looked B was, became, had been looking C had been, became, was looking D was, become, has been looking 6. Henry tried me as if we each other for- the first time.

A treating, saw C to treat, have seen B to treat , had seen D treating, had seen 7. of us could help , and we became friends at once. A Neither, laughing C None, to laugh B Neither, to laugh D Nobody, laughing 8. I wish I it was your friend. I in a more friendly way. A had not known, would behave

B had known, would have behaved C knew, would behave D did not know, would have behaved 9- Don t try to influence him. Your influence would be bad and result our breaking off. A on, in C on, to B , to D , in 10. In 1887 the Baron Pierre de Coubertin conceived the idea the Olympic

Games and spent seven years public opinion in France, England, and the United States to support his plan. A 24-year-old, of reviving, preparing B 24-years-old, to revive, preparing C 24-year s-old, of reviving, to prepare D 24-years -old, reviving, to prepare 11. He saw her hand coming out to , and she looked at him in the eyes as she shook hands, frankly, a man.

A him, straightly, like B his, straightly, as C his, straight, like D him, straight, as 12. He waved his hand and muttered that was nothing at all, what he had done, and that any fellow it in his place. A there, will have done B there, would do C it, would have done D it, will do 13. He was evidently unused to stiff collars and she repressed a smile at sight of the red line that marked

the collar rubbing against his neck. A wear, the C wearing, B wearing, the D wear, the 14. It s time the authorities something to prevent road accidents. The tendency is . A will do, threatening B should do, threatened C do, threatened D did, threatening 15. I think somebody is following us. Don t look back, go on as if you nothing. A for, to walk, saw

B , walking, saw C towards, walking, had seen D , to walk, see Test 50 1. At first sight the answer this question seems A the, for, obvious B , on, obviously C the, to, obviously D , to, obvious 2. Money anything that is used payments. A are, widely, to do B is, widely, for making C is, wide, to make

D are, wide, for doing 3. Richard Knight substituted the name of the company to Nike the Greek goddess of victory, and a logo A for, added C on, had been added B after, was added D from, had added 4. You to be loyal while you but we won t take care of you life any more. A ought, will be employed, in B are, will employ, with

C have, are employed, for D ought, employ, on 5. For nearly ten minutes he stood there with parted lips and eyes . A motionless, strangely bright B motionlessly, strangely brightly C motionless, strange bright D motionlessly, strange brightly 6. detective story is distinguished from other forms of fiction by the fact that it is puzzle. A The a C A B A, the, a D The, the, the 7 They accused the author not playing with the reader.

A for, fairly C of, fair B of, fairly D for, fair 8. The first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, in 1887 and by a series of short stories. A was appeared, was followed B appeared, followed C appeared, was followed D was appeared, followed 9. Her first marriage, Archibald Christie, ended divorce in 1928.

A with, by C with, with B to, in D to, with 10. The Ramayana is of the two great Sanskrit epics of ancient India, being the Mahabharata. A shortest, another C shorter, the other B shortest, the other D shorter, the others 11. Rich its descriptions and poetic language, it con sists seven books and 24,000 couplets and has been translated many languages.

A by, from, in C with, of, in B in, of, into D by, in, from 12. Alaska to the United States since 1867, when it from Russia by Secretary of State William H. Seward. A has belonged, was bought B belonged, has been bought C had belonged, has been bought D has been belonged, was bought 13. It occupies the extreme northwestern region of

North American continent and is separated from Asia by . A the, the 82-km-wide Bering Strait B , the 82-km-wide Bering Strait C the, 82-km-width Bering Strait D , 82-km-wide Bering Strait 14. A quake in 1908 resulted the loss of least 84,000 lives in Messina and villages, A to, in, nearly C in, at, nearby

B to, at, near D in, in, near 15. Sicily is the largest island in Mediterranean Sea, separated from mainland Italy by Strait of Messina. A the, the, the C the the B D , the, Test 51 1. Tourism is important the country 1.2 million visitors in 1998. A increasingly, has had B more increasingly, had C increasingly, had

D the most increasing, has had 2. There is no valley in South America that has varied beauties and many charms. A a, so, so C , such, so B , such, such D the, so, such 3. Mozart had an unsuccessful career and died young, but he ranks as one of the great of Western civilization. A when, genii B , genii C when, genius

D while, geniuses 4. Countries with populations and resources risk into what demographers call the demographic trap. A raised, limited, to fall B risen, limiting, falling C rising, limiting, to fall D rising, limited, falling 5. Five short piano pieces composed by Mozart when he six years old still frequently . A had been, are, playing B was, are, played C has been, has been, played

D had been, had been, playing 6. They were designed to serve all-inclusive textbooks and thus differed modern encyclopedias, which serve chiefly reference sources. A as, in, as C like, in, like B like, from, like D as, from, as 7. The fall of an apple led Newton that the attractive gravitational force acting on the apple the same force acting on the Moon. A thinking, may be B to think, might be

C think, should have been D to thinking, could have been 8. accumulated by a few thousand people New Russians, or the New Rich through an odd combi nation of cronyism, hard work, and theft nearly everyone. A The rich, has astonished B Rich, astonished C The riches, have astonished D The riches, has astonished 9. The people were tanned and skinned, but most were no darker than sunburned, brown-haired Englishmen. A brown, C brown, the B brownly,

D brownly, the 10. The captain handed me his binoculars. Through 1 could see three small boats and on the long Pacific swells. A it, to rise, to fall B them, to rise, to fall C them, rising, falling D it, rise, fall 11. divers know that seawater is so blue that all red light is absorbed within 20 metres of the surface. A Experienced,

B Experiencing, the C Experiencing, D The experiencing, the 12. When I found that some promises of support , I approached several gentlemen and suggested that they me at the bank. A had failed, to, should guarantee B had been failing would guarantee C failed, to, guaranteed D had failed should guarantee 13. Before the winter set , several members of the par ty climbed to the

summit of Mount Erebus. A out, C in, the B in, D out, the 14. We our best at the American Museum of Natural History to answer hundreds of questions daily. A make, to C do, to B do, D make, 15. In the 1890s the species on Stephens Island in New Zealand not by an ornithologist, but by a light house keeper s cat who brought home nearly a dozen before the supply ran out. Forever.

A was discovered, specimens B were discovered, specimen C was discovered, of specimen D were discovered, of specimens Test 52 1. We had to realize that flying weather in the Ant arctic may occur only one day month. A the, in a C the, the B a , a D , a 2. Only one in his collection appeals to me.

A specie, bird C specie, bird s B species, birds D species, bird 3. 1 found it to believe that Dr. Brown officially retired from the museum 20 years ago, and is approach ing his ninetieth birthday. A hardly, C hardly, to B hard, B hard, to 4. But in the Gobi, in a raw, eroded region that the party named the Flaming Cliffs, the-most sensational discoveries of all.

A deep, laid C deep, lay B deeply, lies D deeply, lain 5. In 1865 Bickmore sailed for Spice Islands and in three years he traveled 40,000 miles through East Indies, Asia, and Europe, collecting shells, birds, and other specimens. A the, the, the C the B the, the, D , the, 6. These original inhabitants, or Aborigines, claim in Australia since time immemorial.

A the, have being C the, to be B , to have been D , being 7. Since they neither cultivated crops nor domesticated animals, depending instead the natural replace ment of resources, they travelled light. A of, at C of, B on, by D on, 8. For a while he lay , then began muttering to himself, folded his arms, his head down upon them, and . A motionlessly, lay, must have been asleeping

B motionless, lay, might be asleeping C motionless, laid, might have been asleep D motionlessly, laid, must have been asleep 9. For most of human history, the primary means of communication across long distances was not computer, telephone or telegraph, but letter. A , the, the C , a, a B the, the, the D the 10. What should you do if you see someone to take his book when he a restaurant? A forget, wiil leave C forget, leaves

B forgetting, left D to forget, leaves 11. The reports of Cook and Banks suggested that an Aus tralian colony a valuable source of both flax and timber for the British Navy. A was C would be B were D could be 12. I naturally asked if Sir James him any further instructions as to proper behaviour in America, and he seems so. A would be giving, to do

B had given, to do C had given, to have done D would give, would do 13. By 1830 wool the principal commodity and raising occupied most of the country s arable space. A had become, export, sheeps B has become, export s, sheep s C became, export s, sheep D had become, export s, sheep 14. Postcards were more than of communication. stamps, they became collector s items and

A a mean, As, for buying, selling, trading B mean, Like, to buy, sell, trade C a means, Like, to be bought, sold, traded D the means, As, to buy, sell, trade 15. A man never sees ail that his mother to him till it s too late to let her that he sees it. A has been, know C had been, to know B is, knowing D had been, know Test 53 1. Italy is poor natural resources, as of the land is unsuitable

for agriculture due mountainous ter rain or unfavourable climate. A in, the most, of C with, a lot, with B of, most, to D in, most, to 2 On about March 21 and September 23, hemi spheres are the same distance from the sun and the sun at an equinox. A both, ip said to be C both, says to be B either, says being D either, said to be 3. Volcanic eruptions in regions are a significant threat

people, property, and agriculture. A populated, to C populated, of B populating, for D populating, to 4. The city lies in a picturesque highland region between Tiber River and Lake Trasimeno. A , C the, B the, the D , the 5. and are the principal economic activities on the

Falklands. A Sheep raising, wool processing B Sheep s raising, wool s processing C Sheeps raising, wools processing D Sheep s raising, wool processing 6. Excursions take at one day and sometimes . A least, much more longer B last, more longer C least, much longer D last, longer 7. e-mail came into widespread use in 1990s and a major development in business and per sonal communications.

A The, the, became B , the, has become C has become D The became 8. The first animal was almost certainly dog, which was bred from wolves. A domesticating, a B to be domesticated, the C domesticated, a D having domesticated, the 9. Cook organized conducted tours throughout Europe and the success of the guided excursion led to the for mation of a agency bearing his name.

A personal, travels B personal, travel s C personally, travel D personally, travels 10. number of beach resorts on the Atlantic coast, particularly Fernandina Beach and Jacksonville Beach, fishing, swimming, boating, golf, and tennis. A The, provides C The, provide B A, provides D A, provide 11.

In addition to a regional highway , the city is a railway hub, with Amtrak service and several freight routes A be, crossroad, passenger s B being, crossroads, passenger C be, crossroads, passengers D being, crossroad, passengers s 12. mayor and the 19 councillors are elected to . A The, four-year terms B The, four-year s terms C

A, four-years terms D A, four-years terms 13. The settlement was named Sydney for Britain s home secretary, Lord Sydney, who was responsible for the colony. A home s, for C home, to B home, for D home s, to 14. Sony designs, manufactures, and sells elec tronic equipment. A The, an C , B The, D , an 15. Although people for about 5,000 years, the sport did not become a popular

form of recreation until the 20th century. A are skiing C ski B have skied D have been skiing Test 54 1. If the ice sheet in Antarctica , the oceans of the world by 60 m. A would melt, would rise B would melted, rose C melted, would rise D melted, rose 2. In the 16th and early 17th centuries, Spain, its empire in

South and Central America, began a of expeditions from Peru into the South Pacific. A established, series B having established, series C establishing, serie D to have established, serie 3. In 1768 Captain James Cook left England on expedition to the Pacific that also took him to

Australia. A the three-year B a three-year C the three-years D three-years 4. Earnings from meat, hides, and live animal exports in the late 1980s about 1.4 billion . A were, annually C was, annual B was, annually D were, annual 5. Average density in 1999 was 10 people sq km, A population, per C population, in B population s, in D population s, per 6. white birch is the official tree of

New Hamp shire and is found throughout the state. A A, the C A, B The, D , 7. Privacy includes freedom from government inter ference in private or family matters confidential ity of such things personal correspondence, tele phone calls, and financial information. A either, and, as C both, and, as B either, or, like D both, or, like 8. Since the beginning of agriculture, the human popula tion more than two thousand

times. A had increased on C has been increased by B increased for D has increased by 9. The white-tailed deer the most numerous of the large animals. A are C have been B were D is 10. The last continent , Antarctica hidden be hind barriers of fog, storm, and sea ice until it was first sighted in the early 19th century. A having been discovered, has remained B to be discovered, remained

C discovered, has remained D discovering, had remained 11. Tsunamis can destroy low-lying coastal areas and can be if people living in such areas . A deadly, are not evacuated B fatally, are not evacuated C fatal, will not be evacuated D dead, are not evacuated 12. They required that the council elected by the people.

A five-members, was B five-member, were C five member, be D five-members, would be 13. most people celebrate Thanksgiving Day with family or friends for a holiday feast. A The, the, to gather B by gathering C , the, gathering D The having gathered 14. Skiing as a form of recreation is much in origin, although some evidence that

it may have existed as early as the first half of the 18th century. A recent, there is B more recent, there is C recenter, there is D recent, there are 15. wild animals found in Missouri include deer, squirrel, opossum, raccoon, rabbit, and skunk. A , C , the B The, a D , a Test 55 1. It is required that both senate and house members to terms. A are elected, two years B will be elected, two year s

C should be elected, two-year D be elect, two years 2. Innovations in technology have improved pagers, making them smaller, more affordable, and loaded with new features. A computer, much more B computer s, much C computer, much D computer s, more 3. The Tour de France, race covering about 3,200 km, is most prestigious bicycle race in the world.

A a 30-day, the C 30 days , B a 30 days, the D 30 day, 4. e-mail enables computer users messages and data quickly through a local area network or beyond through a nationwide or worldwide communication network. A , sending C , to send B The, to send D The, sending 5. Saint Valentine s Day is celebrated on February 14 by the custom greeting cards or gifts to express affection.

A , sending C , of sending B The, to send D The, sending 6. Bosporous, a narrow strait that links the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara, separates Istan bul s European and Asian sections. A The, the, C , the, the B D The, the, the 7. lake is a large, inland body of fresh or salty stand ing water and is distinguished some seas, which have an interchange the ocean and are

subject tides. A The, from, to, with B , with, with, to C , of, to, for D The, from, with, to 8. Weather is measured by thermometers, rain gauges, barometers, and other instruments, but the study of climate relies statistics. A the, of C an, upon B , on D the, from 9. Tobogganing is popular winter resorts throughout the world where, special toboggan runs, riders reach speeds of about 145 km per hour.

A with, in, must C at, upon, are able B at, on, may D with, with, ought 10. the land needed for growing food and housing people, large areas of the earth s landscapes com pletely transformed. A Providing, had B Having transformed, has been C To provide, have D To provide, have been 11. Antarctica is the coldest highest and discovered continent.

A most windy, remotest, most recent B windiest, most remote, most recently C windiest, remotest, recentlier D most windy, most remote, much recently 12. The general proportion that between certain groups of animals is readily seen. Large animals so abun dant as small ones. A must be obtained, cannot be B should have been obtain, might not be C is to be obtained, cannot have been

D must have been obtained, must not have been 13. The earth is to the sun in January and away in July, so the summer is than the winter in the northern hemisphere. A closest, furthest, longest B closer, further, the longest C closest, farthest, longer D closest, further, longest 14. The total volume of the ice sheet Antarctica is estimated 29 million cu km, or about 90 of the world

s ice. A covering, being, percents B covered, be, per cents C to cover, to be, percentage D covering, to be, percent 15. Sheep probably domesticated about 11,000 years ago in what is now northern Iraq. A was C has been B have been D were Part Three WORD-BUILDING 1 Directions Read the texts below and decide what part of speech in

A, B, C or D best fits each gap in the sentences. Test 56 In 332 BC Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, 1 Egypt. In 305 BC Alexander s general Ptolemy became king of Egypt, and for almost 300 years his 2 , the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt. Although Ptolemy was Macedonian by birth and the

Ptolemies remained 3 to Greek culture, they were 4 for one of the great est periods of building and decorating temples in Egypt. The Ptolemies did so to win 5 for their rule from their Egyptian 6 . The Ptolemaic dynasty ended when Cleopatn, queen of Egypt, 7 suicide after the Ro mans 8 her forces at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The Roman victory marked the end of ancient

Egypt as an 9 power. 1. A conquered C conquering B conquer D conquest 2. A descend C descendible B descending D descendants 3. A ties C tier B tied D tiring 4. A responsible C responsibility B responsibly D responsive 5. A accept C acceptance B accepted D acceptability 6. A subjects

C subjacent B subjective D subjectify 7. A commitment C committing B committed D committal 8. A defeatism C defeating B defeat D defeated 9. A depend C independent B independence D depending Test 57 Although the Smithsonian Institution may seem an American enterprise, its 1

He in the bequest of an Englishman, Smithson, who never even visited the Unit ed States. In October 1826, James Smithson 2 his will, 3 his vast 4 to his nephew with one proviso if the nephew died with no 5 , Smithson s estate was to be given to the United States of America 6 at Washington, under the name of the Smithso nian

Institution, an Establishment for the increase and 7 of knowledge among men . His nephew died, heirless, 8 than seven years after his uncle. 1. A origins C originality B original D originally 2. A writing C wrote B written D writer 3. A left C leave B leaving D leaves 4. A fortunate C fortune B fortunated

D fortunately 5. A heirloom C heiress B heirs D heirless 6. A founding C founded B foundation D to found 7. A diffusion C diffuse B diffusible D diffusing 8. A little C a little B least D less Test 58 A number of individual diamonds have become 1 , 2 because of their size. The largest of all 3 diamonds is the

Cullinan, which was discovered in South Africa in 1905 and was 4 to Edward VII, king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, by the government of the Transvaal. The Cullinan weighed 3,106 carats before cutting and was pronounced by crystallographers to be a fragment of a 5 larger stone. When the stone was cut, a total of 105 gems were produced,

6 1,063 carats in all. The largest of these was a stone called the Star of Africa, the biggest cut dia mond in 7 , and now set in the British 8 scepter. 1. A famed C famously B famous D fame 2. A primacy C prime B primary D primarily 3. A knew C knowing B known D knowledge 4. A present C presented B presence

D presenting 5. A considerably C considering B considerable D considered 6. A weight C weighed B weigh D weighing 7. A exist C existed B existing D existence 8. A royally C royalty B royal D royals Test 59 1 to tradition, the first American Thanksgiving was 2 in 1621 by the English

Pilgrims who had founded the Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrims marked the 3 by 4 with their Native American guests who brought gifts of food as a gesture of goodwill. Al though this event was an important part of American colo nial history, there is no 5 that any of the 6 thought of the feast as a thanksgiving celebration. Two years later, during a period of drought, a day of fasting and prayer was changed to one of thanksgiving

because rains came during the prayers. 7 the custom 8 among New Englanders to 9 celebrate Thanksgiving after the harvest. 1. A Accordingly C According B Accordance D Accordant 2. A celebrating C celebration B celebrated D celebrate 3. A occasion C occasionally B occasional D occasionalism 4.

A feast C festivity B feasted D feasting 5. A evident C evidence B evidently D evidenced 6. A participate C participants B participating D participated 7. A Grade C Graded B Gradually D Gradual 8. A prevailed C prevailing B prevalence D prevalent 9. A annual C annualize

B annum D annually Test 60 During an 1 700 years ago, the England s King Edward I took the 181 kg Stone of Destiny from central Scotland. According to ancient prophecy, whoever had 2 the stone would have 3 over Scotland. Ac cording to legend, during coronations, the stone would make a 4 noise if the person sitting on it was of royal 5 , and it would remain 6 if the person was not of royal family.

7 for a brief period of time, the stone has remained under the coronation 8 at Westminster Abbey in London, England, for the last 700 years. 9 English and British monarch has been crowned on the Stone of Destiny since Edward brought it to Westminster Abbey in 1296. 1. A invade C invaded B invasive D invasion 2.

A owning C ownership B owned D own 3. A powerfully C power B powerful D powered 4. A groaning C groaningly B groan D groaned 5. A blooded C bloody B bloodily D blood 6. A silently C silent B silence D silencing 7. A Exception C Except B Excepting D Excepted 8. A seat

C seater B seated D seating 9. A Everyone C Everywhere B Each D Every Test 61 The ancient games are athletic contests and other types of public 1 that were a 2 of the religious and social life of ancient Greece and Rome. The Roman games 3 radically from the Greek games in several respects. In Greece the people were often 4 , whereas in Rome they were mere spectators, and only professional

athletes, slaves, and 5 usually took part. Also, the Greek games 6 for their entertainment 7 chiefly on 8 among athletes, whereas the Roman games were often characterized by the staging of battles 9 to the death and 10 large numbers of human beings and also beasts. 1. A spectacularly C spectacled B spectacle D spectacular 2. A featured C feature B featuring

D featureless 3. A differed C differ B different D difference 4. A participation C parts B participants D participate 5. A prison C imprisonment B imprisoned D prisoners 6. A dependence C depended B depending D dependent 7. A value C values B valuable D valued 8. A competed

C compete B competition D competing 9 A fighting C fightingly B fighter D fought 10. A involvement C involved B involving D involve Test 62 Cereals are various species of the grass family, 1 for their seed, which is used as food. The name is 2 from Ceres, the Roman goddess of grains and agriculture.

Although the cereals do not belong to any 3 tribe of the grasses, the use of particular species as bread plants seems to have been determined chiefly by the 4 size of the seed or by the 5 of obtaining it in 6 quantity and of freeing it from its 7 covering. The most 8 cultivated grains are wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn or maize. These have all been cultivated since ancient times.

Maize is the only grain that 9 in America the others were developed in Europe, Asia, and Africa. 1. A cultivation C cultivated B cultivable D cultivar 2. A derived C derivation B derivative D deriving 3. A particularly C particularized B particularity D particular 4. A superiority C superiorly B superior

D super 5. A easy C ease B easily D easement 6. A suffice C sufficiency B sufficient D sufficiently 7. A edible C eat B edibly D edibility 8. A extensively C extent B extensive D extensible 9. A origin C origination B original D originated Test 63 Periodic floods 1 naturally on many rivers, forming an area known as

the 2 plain. These river floods often result from heavy rain, sometimes combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to overflow their banks a flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no 3 warning is called a flash flood. Flash floods are usually caused by 4 rainfall over a 5 small area. Coastal areas occasionally are flooded by unusually high tides 6 by 7 winds over ocean surfaces, or by tsunamis caused by undersea earthquakes. Floods not only damage proper ty and 8 the lives of humans

and animals, but have other 9 as well. 1. A occurred C occur B occurrence D occurring 2. A flow C flowed B flood D flooding 3 A advance C advances B advanced D advancing 4 A intensity C intensify B intense D intensely 5. A relative C relate B relativity D relatively 6. A induced

C inducement B induce D inducing 7. A severely C severe B severity D severing 8. A danger C in danger B endanger D dangerous 9. A effectiveness C effective B effects D effectively Test 64 Although several cane-cutting machines have been used with some 1 , most of the sugarcane in the world is 2 by hand. The cutting instrument most common- ly used 3 of a large steel

blade 50 cm 4 and about 13 cm 5 , 6 with a small hook on the back, and set into a wooden handle. Cane is cut at or near the surface of the ground, stripped of its leaves by the knife hook, and trimmed at the top near the last 7 joint. The cane is then piled in rows along the ground until picked up by hand or machine, tied in bun dles, and transported by cart or truck to the sugar facto ry, where the 8 mill extracts the sugar from the cane. 1. A succeed

C success B successful D succeeding 2. A harvesting C harvested B harvester D harvest 3. A constituent C constituency B consists D consisting 4. A length C longer B lengthen D long 5. A wide C width B widen D widening 6. A equipment C equipped B equipping D equips 7.

A mature C maturating B maturate D maturely 8. A grind C ground B grinding D grindable Test 65 Quebec has several problems with 1 . Because of its location at the northeast corner of North America, winds from the southwest carry pollution to the 2 . Acid rain has 3 damaged 4 lakes and some forestlands, with maple trees the hardest hit.

About half of the sulfur compounds that 5 acid rain originate at power plants and industrial sites in the United States, a quarter originate in Ontario, and a quarter originate within Quebec. In 6 , large parts of the St. Lawrence Riv er are polluted by fertilizer runoff and toxic industrial dis charges despite federally 7 regulations to improve the 8 of the water. 1 A pollute C polluting B polluted D pollution 2.

A provincialism C province B provincial D provincially 3. A seriously C seriousness B serious D more serious 4. A numerously C numerous B numerate D numerated 5. A causality C causative B causally D cause 6. A additional C add B addition D added 7. A enforced C force B forcing

D enforce 8. A qualitative C qualifying B quality D qualify Test 66 A 1 lighthouse is a structure from which light is projected at night, or which serves as a marker by day, 2 ships 3 in coastal waters. Light houses are constructed at important points on a coast line, at 4 to harbours and estuaries, on rocky ledges or reefs, on islands, and even in the water. Light houses help 5 a ship s location, warn ships of 6 hazards, and 7 them that land is 8 .

Lighthouses differ from smaller beacons in that a light house includes 9 quarters for a lighthouse keeper. Today, however, most lighthouses use automatic elec tric lights that do not 10 a full-time resident op erator. 1. A commonly C commonness B common D commoner 2. A guided C guidance B to guide D guideline 3. A sailer C sails B sailor D sailing 4. A enter C entrances B entrant

D entered 5. A identify C identification B identifying D identified 6. A potentially C potency B potential D potent 7. A notifying C notify B notification D notified 8. A nearer C nearness B nearly D near 9. A living C alive B live D life 10. A requirement C required B require

D requiring Test 67 In 1963 the ZIP Zoning Improvement Program code system was 1 to simplify the patterns and 2 of mail 3 . The ZIP code is a five-digit number used on the last line of the address 4 the name of the city and state. The first 5 , from 0 to 9, stands for one of the ten main geographical areas into which the United States and its 6 are 7 . The next four digits mark off 8 farther by subdividing the main area

the first three digits together 9 a sectional or metropol itan area, with the next two numbers 10 an 11 or branch post office. Use of ZIP codes is 12 . 1. A introduced C introduce B introduction D introducing 2. A procedural C procedures B procedurality D procedurally 3. A distribution C distribute B distributor D distributed 4.

A follow C followed B following D follower 5. A digitalization C digital B digitally D digit 6. A possessive C possessions B possesses D possess 7. A divide C dividing B divided D division 8. A local C locally B localities D localized 9. A represent C representation B representative D represents 10.

A specify C specifying B specification D species 11. A disassociated C associating B association D associated 12. A voluntary C volunteer B voluntarily D voluntarism Test 68 The first globes were built by ancient Greeks. The earliest known globe was said to have been 1 by the 2

Crates about 150 BC. An ancient celestial globe that still 3 was made about 150 AD as part of a 4 , called the Farnese Atlas, in the Naples Museum, Italy. The oldest 5 terrestrial globe was built in Germany, in 1492. This globe does not show the Americas. As new 6 were discovered in the 16th and 17th centuries, globes became more 7 .

The world s largest globe is the Unisphere, which was built for the 1964 New York World s Fair. This 8 steel globe is 37 m 9 and weighs 408,000 kg, including its base. 1. A construct C constructing B constructive D constructed 2. A scholarship C scholar B scholarly D scholastic 3. A existing C existence B exists D existed 4. A sculptor

C sculpt B sculpture D sculptural 5. A existing C exists B existed D existence 6. A land C lands B landless D landed 7. A accuracy C accurately B accurate D accuracies 8. A stain C staining B stained D stainless 9. A cross C crossing B crossed D across Test 69 The Louvre, the national art museum of

France and the palace in which it is 1 , is located in Paris, on the right bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 a 2 of the kings of France, is one of the largest palaces in the world. It 3 the site of a 13th-century fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546. 4 were made to the structure during the 5 of almost every

French 6 . Under Henry IV, in the early 17th century, the Grande Galerie, now the main picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was 7 . By the mid-19th century the vast complex was built 8 more than 19 hectares, it is a masterpiece of architectural design. 1. A house C housed B home D homeland 2. A residence C resident B residential

D residence 3. A occupies C occupancy B occupying D occupant 4. A Add C Additions B Adds D Adding 5. A regal C reigned B reigns D regale 6. A monarchic C monarch B monarchal D monarchy 7. A completing C complete B completion D completed 8. A covering C covered B cover D coverage

Test 70 Children s games are recreational 1 especially enjoyed by children. Any attempt 2 them is diffi cult because of their great number and 3 chil dren enjoy active games as well as passive ones, games of skill and those of chance, games 4 indoors or outdoors, and games for one child alone or for two or more. Some games are structured, that is, played ac cording to formal rules and generally with 5 equip ment others are unstructured, made up 6 as the game progresses and

often prefaced with the sug gestion, Let s 7 . Word games and guessing games 8 lotto, questions, and charades are also popular. 1. A active C activities B activists D activism 2. A classifying C to classify B classification D classified 3. A variant C varies B variety D varying 4. A playing C playable B play

D played 5. A prescribable C prescribed B prescription D prescribe 6. A spontaneously C spontaneous B spontaneity D spontaneousness 7. A pretence C to pretend B pretend D pretending 8. A inclusive C included B include D including Test 71 Scarlet fever is an 1 disease, caused by bacteria, which usually enter the body through the

nose or mouth it is transmitted from person to person by direct contact, that is, by sprays of droplets from the respiratory tract of an infected person, or by indirect contact through the use of utensils previously handled by an infected person. The disease most commonly 2 children between the ages of two and ten The typical 3 symptoms of the disease are head ache, sore throat, chills, fever, and general malaise. From two to three days after the first appearance of symptoms, red spots may appear on the

palate bright red papilla 4 on the tongue, giving it an appearance commonly called strawberry tongue. A characteristic skin eruption appears on the chest and usually spreads over the entire body except the face. The rash fades on pressure. The fever, which frequently runs as high as 40 to 40.6 C, generally lasts only a few days but may 5 to a week or longer. The rash usually fades in 6 a week, and at that time the skin begins to peel.

Scarlet fever may be 7 by other diseases, for example, by pneumonia. Since the 8 of penicillin, however, most instances of scarlet fever can be 9 without the 10 of permanent after-effects. 1. A infectious C infect B infection D infected 2. A affection C affects B affected D affecting 3. A initials C initialize B initial D initialized 4.

A emerged C emerging B emerge D emergence 5. A extent C extended B extending D extend 6. A approximately C approximation B approximate D approximated 7. A complication C complicated B complicate D complicating 8. A introduce C introduced B introducing D introduction 9. A cure

C curing B cured D cureless 10. A occurrence C occurred B occur D occurring Test 72 The Great Depression in the United States, the worst and longest 1 collapse in the history of the modern industrial world, lasted from the end of 1929 until the early 1940s. Beginning in the United States, the depression spread to most of the world s industrial countries, which in the 20th

century had become economically 2 on one another. The Great Depression saw rapid declines in the production and sale of goods and a sudden, severe rise in 3 . Businesses and banks closed their doors, people lost their jobs, homes, and savings, and many depended on 4 to 5 , In 1933, at the worst point in the depression, more than 15 million Americans one-quarter ef the nation s workforce were unemployed.

The depression was caused by a number of serious 6 in the economy. Although the 1920s appeared on the surface to be a 7 time, income was unevenly distributed. The wealthy made large profits, but more and more Americans spent more than they 8 , and farm ers faced low prices and heavy debt. The lingering effects of World War I caused economic problems in many coun tries, as

Europe struggled to pay war debts and repara tions. These problems 9 to the crisis that began the Great Depression the 10 U.S. stock market crash of 1929, which ruined thousands of investors and destroyed 11 in the economy. Continuing throughout the 1930s, the depression ended in the United States only when 12 spending for World War II began.

1. A economize C economically B economy D economic 2. A depend C dependence B dependent D dependably 3. A unemployment C employ B unemployed D employee 4. A charitable C charity B charitably D charities 5. A survival C survive B survived D surviving 6. A weaknesses C weaken B weak D weakly 7.

A prosperity C prosperously B prosperous D prosper 8. A earnings C earning B earn D earned 9. A contribution C contributed B contribute D contributing 10. A catastrophic C catastrophically B catastrophe D catastrophist 11. A confidence C confidential B confide D confidentially 12.

A mass C massively B massiveness D massive Test 73 Periodicals are publications released on a 1 basis that feature articles, poems, stories, and other types of writing. Many periodicals also 2 photographs and drawings. Periodicals that are aimed at a general audience, such as weekly news roundups, are also called magazines. Those with a more 3 audience, such as publications of 4 organizations, can be termed journals.

5 , the difference between periodicals and news papers has been a matter of format, publication sched ule, and content. Most newspapers deal with the news of the day and are 6 daily on pulp paper with relative ly large, unbound pages. Periodicals focus on more 7 material, and when they deal with the news they tend do so in the form of 8 or commentaries. For centurie periodicals generally 9 on finer paper than newspa pers, with smaller 10 pages, and at intervals long er than a day weekly, every two weeks, monthly,

quar terly, or even annually . In the 1990s, with the 11 of the Internet, publishers began to release newspapers and periodicals on line. This development 12 the line between the two forms because the general format of online newspa pers and periodicals is 13 , and the publication sched ule of both forms became more 14 . For example. many newspaper publishers update their online versions throughout the day, and some online

periodicals do the same Despite these technological changes, the two forms differing emphasis in choice of content remains a 15 factor. 1. A regularity C regularly B regular D regulate 2. A inclusion C including B inclusive D include 3. A narrow C narrowing B narrowed D narrowness 4 A scholarly C scholarship B scholar D scholastic 5.

A History C Historic B Historically D Historical 6. A issue C issued B issuance D issuing 7. A specialize C specialized B specialization D specializing 8. A summarize C summaries B summarizing D summarized 9. A appear C appearing B appearance D appeared 10. A bind C binding

B bound D binder 11. A growth C grow B growing D grown 12. A blur C blurry B blurring D blurred 13. A similarity C similar B similarly D similize 14. A flex C flexibility B flexible D flexibly 15. A distinguish C distinguished B distinguishing D distinguisher Test 74 Throughout history, people have been 1 by life underwater,

and the Professional Association of Dive In structors 2 that there are now 6 million active divers worldwide. They 3 in many different types of div ing, of which wreck, cave, 4 , and military diving are just a few. The most common form of diving is sport diving, or 5 diving, which is practiced at depths of less than 130 ft. From these depths, divers can make a 6 ascent to the surface.

Diving beyond this limit requires 7 training. Because popular dive sites such as coral reefs and wrecks are 8 not near land, most diving is done from boats. In some locations, however, divers can enter the watei from shore. On a typical outing, the divers decide before hand how long they will remain underwater and how 9 they will descend. While the divers are underwater, at least one person serves as a spotter by remaining

on the boat or on shore. All groups, whether diving from a boat or from shore, are 10 to fly a diver down flag a red flag with a white diagonal slash to alert boaters that people are underwater. In general, divers seek locations where the water is clear, the temperatures warm, and the marine life 11 . Divers often choose to visit areas with coral reefs because they are colourful and 12 with life, and provide shelter for many types of fish. The Caribbean is the most popular 13 in the world.

Parts of the region are designated as marine parks or sanctuaries. Because they are protected from fishing and other human activity, these locations boast abundant aquatic plant and animal life. Similar protected areas 14 throughout the world, and the South Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea are common dive destinations. 1. A fascination C fascinated B fascinating D fascinate 2.

A estimating C estimates B estimation D estimated 3. A engage C engaging B engagement D engaged 4. A commerce C commercialise B commercial D commercially 5. A recreation C recreated B recreate D recreational 6. A straightforward C straightened B straighten D straight 7. A advance

C advancement B advanced D advancing 8. A typically C typical B type D typifying 9. A deep C depth B deeply D deepen 10. A require C requirement B required D requiring 11. A plenty C plentiful B plenteously D plentifully 12. A densely C densing B density D dense 13. A destine

C destination B destined D destiny 14. A exist C existing B existence D existed Test 75 The Canary Islands or Canaries is the group of is lands, the 1 region of Spain, in the Atlantic Ocean, off the north-western coast of Africa, 2 the provinces of Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de

Tenerife. Their capitals are, 3 , Las Palmas on Grand Canary and Santa Cruz de Tenerife on Tenerife Island the cities also serve as dual and 4 capitals of the region. The chief islands of the group, in 5 order of size, are Tenerife, Fuerteventura, the 6 to the African mainland, Grand Canary, Lanzarote, La Palma, Gomera, and Hierro.

In addition, several barren islets are 7 in the group The Canary Islands are of volcanic 8 and are noted for their scenery and mild, dry climate, which makes them an ideal site for astronomical 9 . Precipitation 10 mainly during the winter season. In areas below. about 400 m elevation, the 11 is typically northern African characteristic 12 are the date palm, dragon tree, and cactus.

Growing at higher levels are laurels. holly, myrtle, eucalyptus, pine, and a variety of flower ing plants. Farming and fishing are the principal indus tries. The volcanic soil of the Canaries is extremely 13 . The islands have no rivers, however, and severe drought. are common 14 irrigation is therefore a 15 in most cultivable areas. Among important crops are bananas, citrus fruits, sugar cane, peaches, figs,

wine grapes, grain, tomatoes, and potatoes. 16 products include textiles and fine 17 . 18 is also impor tant, and the islands are a 19 winter-resort area. 1. A autonomy C autonomic B autonomist D autonomous 2. A comprise C comprisal B comprised D comprising 3. A respect C respectively B respective D respecting 4.

A alter C altering B alternative D alteration 5. A descending C descendant B descend D descender 6. A near C nearest B next D nearer 7. A included C inclusion B inclusive D including 8. A originate C origin B original D originally 9. A observer C observed B observation D observational 10.

A occurrence C occurred B occurs D occurring 11. A vegetable C vegetables B vegetation D vegetate 12. A vary C various B varied D varieties 13. A fertilizer C fertile B fertilize D fertilized 14. A artificial C artificially B artificiality D artificials 15. A necessity C necessaries B necessary

D necessarily 16. A Manufacture C Manufactured B Manufacturing D Manufacturable 17. A embroider C embroiderer B embroidered D embroideries 18. A Tourist C Tour B Tourism D Tourer 19. A fashionable C fashionably B fashion D fashioner Part Four WORD-BUILDBNG 2 Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the adjectives derived from the

nouns in brackets accord-ing to the model. Model Latin is the language of ancientry ancient Rome and the neighbour neighbouring territory of Latium. Test 76 j Latin is the language of ancientry Rome and the neighbour territory of Latium. With the spread of Roman power Latin was carried to every part of the known ancient world and became the dominancy tongue of western Europe. It was the language of scholarship and diplomacy until

the 18th century and of the Roman Catholic liturgy until the late 20th century. The colloquial speech of culture Romans ap peared in the works of variety writers, notably in the comedies of Plautus and Terence, the letters of Cice ro, the Satires and Epistles of Horace, and the Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter. It is characterized by freedom of syn tax, by the presence of numeration interjections,

and by the frequency use of Greek words. This col loquialism speech of polite society is not to be con fused with the language of the poverty and unedu cated classes, which shows a greater disregard for syn tax, a love of new words, and a striving for simplicity, especially in word order. Latin was the language of letters in west Europe in the Middle Ages. Even for the people in generaliza- tion ,

Latin continued to be a living language, be cause the church provided a hugeness mass of ec clesiastical literature in both prose and poetry. The language, however, underwent many essence changes. The syntax was further simplified, new words were adopted from various sources, and new meanings came into existence nevertheless, Latin changed far less durint this period than did either French or English. In the 15th and 16th centuries New

Latin, also callec Modern Latin, came into being. The writers of the Ren aissance produced a new and brilliancy Latin liter ature that was closely imitation of Latin classica writers and especially of Cicero. Almost all books of im portance, science , philosophy , and reli gion , were written in Latin at this time, including the works of the Holland scholar Desiderius Eras mus, the English philosopher

Francis Bacon and the English physicist Isaac Newton, and Latin was the medi um of diplomatic intercourse among Europe na tions. Not until the end of the 17th century did Latin cease to be an internationalism tongue. During the 18th and 19th centuries, however, it remained the language of classical school, and even in the 20th century scholar ship treatises are sometimes

composed in Latin. The Roman Catholic church still uses Latin as the language of its officiahty documents. Test 77 The Newfoundland male is about 71 cm height at the shoulder and weighs from 64 to 68 kg the female stands 66 cm high and its weight is from 50 to 54 kg. The Newfoundland has a breadth , massive head small, deeply set, dark-brown eyes small ears lying closeness

to the head a deep chest a density water- resistant double coat, usually dull black in colour and a broad strength tail. The feet are large, strong, and webbed, for traversing marshlands and shores. Powerful swimmers, Newfound lands are known to have rescued human beings from drowning and to have carried lifelines from shore to ships in distress. Today they are used primarily as watchdogs and companions, but they were once used to draw carts and

carry burdens. Because of their being loyalty in telligence , and tractability , Newfoundland dogs are ideal pets. Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the adjectives derived from the nouns in brackets according to the model Model The epitaph on the tomb of the greatest artist in history summarizes his life simplicity simply ll Divino Michelangelo. Test 73 The epitaph on the tomb of the greatest artist in histo ry summarizes

his life simplicity II Divino Michelangelo. Indeed, Michelangelo Buonarroti was held to be di vine by his contemporaries it was the only way to ex- Dlain his tremendousness genius. Even though Le onardo s Mona Lisa arguably ranks as the millennium s most recognizable painting, Michelangelo s totality body of work his sculptures, paintings, and frescoes is unequalled.

Michelangelo s popularity fame may rest on the sculpture masterpiece David and the Sistme Chapel ceil ing, but the Italian artist had a length and vari- ant career. He was born in 1475 in the village of Caprese and grew up in Florence, which was the art capital of the early Renaissance. His early success came as a sculptor, but he also excelled at painting, architecture and even poetry.

The fame dome on the top of Saint Peter s Basilica in Vatican City is a Michelangelo design. Michelangelo seemed to thrive on challenge and diffi culty in his work. David, perhaps the most famous sculp ture in the world, was completed using a block of discard ed marble. The artist spent four years flatness on his back height on a scaffold in the Sistine Chapel to complete the masterpiece painting on the ceiling.

Although ceiling paintings were usually considered unimportant and were reserved for figures because of their distance from the viewer, Michelangelo produced biblical scenes ol power and subtlety on the chapel ceiling. Michelangelo s best work offers a combination of de tail and exquisiteness beauty that is unmatched according to art historians. His attention to the technique, aspects of human anatomy, especially the male nude is brilliancy and influence .

The artist s work is also intellect stimulating grounded in mythology, religion, and other reference Wideness considered the greatest artist of his owr time, Michelangelo is still seen as a key to the flowering of the Renaissance and is the standard against which a! subsequence artists are measured. Test 79 The Internet is the computer-based worldwide infor mation network.

The Internet is composed of a larg. number of smaller interconnected networks. These net works may link tens, hundreds, or thousands of comput ers, enabling them to share information with each other and to share various resources, such as power su- percomputers and databases of information. The Internet has made it possibility for people all over the world to effectiveness and rather cheapness com municate with each other. Unlike tradition broadcasting media, such as radio and television, the

Internet is a decentralized system. Each connected individual can communicate with anyone else on the Internet, can publish ideas, and can sell products. The Internet has brought new opportunity for businesses to offer goods and services online. In the future, it may have an equality dramatic impact on height education as more universities offer Internet-based courses. In 1989 English computer scientist

Timothy Berners- Lee introduced the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee ini tials designed the WWW to aid communication be tween physicists who were working in different parts of the world for the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. As it grew, however, the WWW revolutionized the use of the Internet. During the early 1990s increase large numbers of users who were not part of the scientific

or academy communities began to use the Inter net, due in large part to the ability of the WWW to easi ness handle multimedia documents. One survey found that there were 61 million Internet users worldwide at the end of 1996, 148 million at the end of 1998, and an estimate 320 million in 2000. Analysts estimate that more than 700 million people will use the Internet in 2001. Test 80 In the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century the church suffered an enormity

blow to its authority. One man was at the heart of that split German theologian Martin Luther. Luther, who was born in 1483, succeeded perhaps because he attacked the notoriety corruption of the medieval Catholic Church from the inside. A priest, Luther began questioning some of Catholicism s main tenets after becoming a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg in 1508. Although many others had condemned the corruption

of the papacy and the church before, Luther focused his disputes direction on certain church doctrines. Basis among these was his belief that only God, not the Catholic Church, could grant redemption from sin. This conflicted straightness with the church s policy of selling indulgences. The indulgence was a mon etarist payment that promised the soul s release from punishment after death for sins committed during a per son s lifetime.

It was a popularity and success way for the church to raise money. In 1517 Luther publicity attacked this and other church practices that had become corrupted in his Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, commonality known as the Ninety-Five Theses. Thanks to the new printing technology of the time, Luther s writings were wideness distributed, dis cussed, and debated.

Historians consider his revolution ideas the sin gle most important contribution to the Reformation, a movement that finally shattered Catholicism s 1,200-year dominance in Europe and gave rise to Protestantism. Luther s defiance touched off more than a century of religious warfare and nurtured an emergency spirit of nationalism throughout the continent as governments reject ed the authority of Rome and established their own nation ality churches.

In 1534, for example, England s King Henry VIII passed a law that created an independence Church of England, with himself as its head. Luther was excommunicated in 1521, but he contin- ued to violence agitate against the Roman Catholic Church for the rest of his life. He was also the principal ity figure behind translating the Bible from the ancient Hebrew and Greek into German this translation was important in opening religious

scholarship to those without training in the ancient languages. Luther died in 1546, but his influence heritage lives on in the religious world. Protestantism stands beside Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy as one of the three main divisions of Christianity. Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns derived from the adjectives in brackets

according to the model. Model An iceberg is a massive mass of freshwater Test 81 An iceberg is a massive of freshwater ice that is broken off from a glacial or an ice shelf and that floats in the ocean or in a lake. Ice floats because its dense is less than that of water. A typical iceberg shows only about one-fifth of its total mass above the water the other four-fifths is submerged. Icebergs can be large. The largest iceberg ever sighted was 335 km in long and 97 km in

wide , about the size of Belgium. It was seen in November 1956 by the crew of a United States Coast Guard icebreaker in the Ross Sea, off Antarctica. Icebergs pose a hazardous to shipping and to offshore active in polar and subpolar waters. Icebergs can have Thany different forms, depending on their original and age. They are usually classified as tabular, i.e. resembling a flat tabletop, rounded, or irregular and

present magnificent sights in the polar and subpolar seas. Icebergs were known to early mariners and explorato ry and to sealers and whalers who hunted their prey in the Arctic and Antarctic waters. Beginning in the 20th century, icebergs have been used as stabilized platforms for scientific stations. Some people have suggested towing icebergs to places where is scarce of water and melting them there, but this idea has not yet been implemented.

Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns derived from the nouns in brackets according to the model Model Ted Turner is an American business execution executive Test 82 Ted Turner is an American business execution and sports enthusiasm , one of the most influential television administration of the late 20th century. Bom Robert Edward Turner III in Cincinnati, Ohio, he was educated at

Georgia Military Academy and Brown University. After his father committed suicide in 1963, Turner turned out the only heir and his inheritor was the family billboard-advertising business. In 1970 he bought a failing television station in Atlanta and by 1975 Turner had transformed it into the first super- station by transmitting low-cost sports and entertainer programs via satellite to cable systems throughout the coun try.

This was a highly profitable innovator that accel erated the spread of cable television nationwide. In 1980 Turner launched Cable Kews Network CNN , the first 24-hour television news station. Its live cover of fast-breaking news around the world helped it to become a highly respected news organization, and it even tually achieved a global view . In 1985 Turner purchased MGM UA Entertainment Com pany, which was the ownership of the

Metro-Gold- win-Mayer MGM and United Artists UA film studios. Within months Turner sold most of the company, but he retained MGM s massive library of films, which included such classics as Gone With the Wind and The Wizard of Oz. In 1988 he launched Turner Network Television TNT , on which many of the movies were shown.

In 1996 entertainment giant Time Warner acquired Turner Broadcasting System TBS , the parent company for all of Turner s businesses, in a deal valued at 7.6 billion. The acquirer made Time Warner the world s larg est media and entertainment company. Turner became vice chairmanship of Time Warner s board of directors and head of the divider containing

TBS businesses. In 1997 Turner pledged to donate 1 billion to the United Nations, one of the largest single charitable do nor in history. He designated the money for UN humanitarian causes. Turner is also the foundation of the Goodwill Games, a quadrennial international sports competitor . His generous sponsor is known to many companies.

Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns derived from the verbs in brackets according to the model. Model In the history of American entertain entertainment no subject has been more popular than Test 83 In the history of American entertain , no subject has been more popular than the Civil War. Whether in novels, television shows, or movies, some of the most be- loved and durable works of popular culture have used the war as a point of refer , depart , or focus.

But no work about the Civil War has attained the place of Gone With the Wind. It first won praise as a novel by Margaret Mitchell. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Mitchell grew up among relate who had first-hand memories of the war and the 1864 invade that burned their city to the ground. After a brief, disastrous marry , she began supporting herself by writing for an

Atlanta newspaper. Ailing from a vary of ills that plagued her until her die in 1950, Mitchell retired from journalism in the mid-1920s and began writing her novel. She refused repeated requests to show her manuscript to a curious edit when he visited Atlanta on a scouting trip in 1935. But when an acquaint expressed surprise that Mitch ell was capable of writing fiction, she angrily presented it to the agent as he was about to leave

the city. He read the novel on a train, and knowing he had discovered a classic, he offered Mitchell a book contract. Published in June 1936. Gone With the Wind became an instant publishing phenom enon. It sold 50,000 copies in one day, a million within si months, and an average of 3700 copies a day for the rest of the year. In 1937 the novel won the Pulitzer

Prize for fic tion. By 1997 it had sold approximately 30 million copies, periodically returning to the best-seller list. Even before the book was released there was a feverish fight for the movie rights. David O. Selznick, a Holly wood mogul who had recently created his own studio, paid Mitchell 50,000, an astounding amount for that time. But despite Selznick s wishes, Mitchell refused to write a script or to have anything at all to do

with the film s pro duce . Making of the film version, which took more than three years,was an epic in itself. Technical difficulties abound ed, and editing of enormous amounts of film footage slowed the process. In add , Selznick s perfect led him to use three different directors. Shooting began before the script was even complete. Gone With the Wind premiered in Atlanta on December 15, 1939.

The film became an even bigger succeed than the book and won nine Oscars, including Best picture. By the 1970s an estimated 90 percent of the American public had seen the film in a theatre or on television. Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the verbs derived from the nouns in brackets according to the model. Model Today it is generally recognition recognized that

Test 84 Today it is generally recognition that Italian- Spanish navigator Christopher Columbus did not dis covery the Americas, which were already inhabit ancy by native peoples. However, he did instiga tion the European exploration of these lands at the end of the 15th century. This single act of courage and skill, thought foolish or suicidal by many at the time, set in motion

global population shifts and advances in human knowledge that profoundly changed history. Europeans finding a new land to inhabit and exploitation . however, Columbus s discovery also began a clash of cultures that proof disastrous for the aboriginal peo ples of the Americas. Based on his studies of contemporary maps and accounts, as well as on his sea travels to various European ports, Columbus belief that he could reach

East Asia what he called the Indies by sailing west from Europe. Finding royal backing for such a plan was not easy, however, and it was almost ten years before King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile agreement to support his voyage in 1492. Columbus was foremost a navigational genius and com pletion four successful trips from Spain to the is lands now known as the West Indies.

On the other hand, as many scholars have since pointed out, his motives were primarily financial and personalized he was seeking new lands for Spain and riches and glory for himself. Another aim was to conversion the native peoples he en- counter to Christianity. He even forced several na tives to return to Spain with him to testimony to Ferdinand and Isabella of the riches of this new land.

However, scholars consideration that in these actions and views Columbus was no better or worse thar other Europeans of his time. Columbus died in 1506, just a few years after his las1 voyage. He never set foot on the North American mainland The many explorers who followed him opened up the continent for European colonization and alteration humanity s view of the world.

Columhus s achievements were key in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age. Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the forms of the verbs derived from the nouns in brackets according to the model. Model The name Manhatten derivative derived from an Indian word means Test 85 The name Manhattan derivative from an

Indian word means island of hills . In 1524 the island, then inhabitancy by Native Americans, was probably seen - by the Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano. In 1609 the English traveller Henry Hudson made an extensive exploration of the area, and the Dutch laid claim to the island on that basis. In 1624 the

Dutch established trading post on southern Manhattan Island. To secure the claim, Peter Minuit, appointment by the director general of the Dutch colony of New Netherland by his govern ment, purchased the island from the Native Americans in 1626 for goods value at about 60 guilders, or ap proximately 24. The permanent settlement began the same year at the outpost, which

Minuit named New Amsterdam, and it became the administrative centre of New Netherland. In 1664 Charles II of England granted his brother, the duke of York a large area inclusion Manhattan Is land. A fleet of English warships armament to the teeth seized New Amsterdam in the same year, and the settlement was renamed New York in honour of the duke. The town was retaken by the

Dutch in 16 73, but a year later they ceded it back to England. During the 18th century, New York City became one of the fast development commercial centres of the British colonies in North America. It subsequently became a centre of revolutionary activities by American patriots. In 1776, American troops were forced to evacuate the city, which remained under British occupation until the end of the American Revolution.

From 1785 to 1790 New York was the seat of the U.S. government. With the first stock exchange foundation in 1792 New York soon became the nation s leader financial and commercial centre. Test86 Although it is not known how humans and dogs first learned to exist, people soon discovered the many ways 117 dogs could riches their lives. Dogs have been used to hunt for food, herd animals,

guardian livestock and property, destroyer rats and other pests, pull carts and sleds, performance rescues, and appre hension lawbreakers. They have been used during wartime as sentinels and message carriers. Today trained dogs are used to alert deaf people to common household sounds, such as the ringing telephone or doorbell guid ance the blind or retrieval objects for para lytics. Perhaps the most common of the many roles served by the domesticated dog, however, is that of companion

As animals with strong social tendencies, dogs typically longing for close contact with their owners. And people tendency to form loving bonds with dogs. This companionship often helps to easiness the pain and isolation of the elderly or people whose physical or mental health requirement long-term period of recovery. The Newfoundland is a breed of working dog, that origin in

Newfoundland from the crossbreeding ol native strains with foreign breeds, the latter possibly the Great Pyrenees or the boarhound. Must pedigree New foundlands of today are descendance from dogs bred in England. Directions Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the appropriate derivatives of the words in brackets according to the model. Model Shakespeare was born and Michelangelo death died Test 87 Galileo was born near

Pisa in 1564 the same year Shakespeare was born and Michelangelo death . In 1589, while a professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa, Galileo began to conduct experiments testing Ar istotle s theorize that the speed of a fall is depend ence on the weigh of the falling object. Oth ers had questioned the theory in the past, but

Galileo was the first to use scientific experiments to disprove it by dropping objects of different weights from the Tower of Pisa, legend has it. This method of developing a hypothesis and then per forming an experiment to see if the hypothesis was true or false established physics as a precision science, bring ing science as a whole out of the realm of natural philoso phy and into the modern era. Galileo s contribute to scientific knowledge were also significance .

He built the first telescope for astronomical purposes, observed that the Milky Way consisted of stars, articulated the laws of bodies in move and discovered the Moon s craters, Jupiter s largest four satellites, sun spots, and the phases of Venus. Galileo s ideas generation much controversy at the time, none more than his support for trie then hereti cal notion that the Earth was not the centre of the uni verse.

In his book Dialogue on the Two Chief World Sys tems, Galileo argument for the Copernican theo ry, which held that the Sun was the centre of the solar system. After the book was published, Galileo was charged with and found guilty of heretical by the Roman Catholic Church. He died in 1642, but the fireplace of scientific revolution that he started still

burn bright. Test 88 Born in Bonn in 1770, Beethoven is often linked with Austrian composers Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as a chief figure of the Viennese classical style Beethoven briefing studied with Mozart while in his teens, and the two might have become contemporary ri valry if Mozart had not died in 1791 at the age of 35

Beethoven moved permanence to Vienna, Aus tria, in 1792 to study with Haydn, and he remained then the rest of his life. The student soon surpassingly the teacher. Beethoven s life and career were coloured by an unu sual tragedy that gave him no choose but to change and adjust he gradually loss his hearing in the earh 1800s and remained deaf for the rest of his life. Although he could no longing perform in public and for a time even contemplated suicide,

Beethoven could still com position . Some of his greatest works were written during and after the time of his hearing loss. In factual some scholars believe that the composer s great came not in spite of his deafness but becauseof it, as it freedom him to experiment with new forms. Ex perts say that much of the work Beethoven composed dur ing his last period was farthermost ahead of its time Text 89 Until the 19th century, women were large pow erless before the law.

For example, a married woman could not hold proprietary in her own name, and in divorce proceedings men were commonly awarded per manent legalization custody of any children. And, of course, women were not allowance to vote. Then. in the rnid-19th century, the unthinkable happened brave women began speaking up about the equal in their lives. Slowness , 50 percent of the world s popula tion won largely equal stand under the law.

One of the most vocal and important of these women was Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton was the drive force behind the first wom en s rights convene in the United States, held in 1848. A Declaration of Sentiments, based on the famous lan guage of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, was sig nature at the end of the meeting. The statement called for property and custody rights for women, criticized men for barring women from

higher education and most professions, and proposition that women should have the right to vote an incredibility radical idea at that time. Stanton and her group, the National Woman Suffer Association, began winning some battles as states changed their property laws so that women could own property. A constitutional amend guaranteeing U.S. wom en the right to vote was first introduction in 1878.

Stanton and her cohorts also helped women in other countries in their struggles to win rights such as the vote. However, Stanton did not believe that winning the vote alone would change the plight of women, and cer tainly not overnight. History has basically justified her be lieve . Although the battle for equal rights continues today in many places around the world, in 1920, 18 years after her death, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was finally passage , giving

U.S. women the vote. Test 90 Venice is the city and seaport in northeastern Italy. Venice is situated on 120 islands formation by 177 canals in the lagoon between the mouths of the Po and Piave rivers, at the northern extreme of the Adriatic Sea. Because of its historic role as a naval powerful and commerce centre, the city is known as the Queen of the Adriatic . A railroad and highway causeway connects

Venice with the mainland. Long sand bars, or barrier beaches, on the outer side of the lagoon serve as protectionist against the sea. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. The Grand Canal, about 3 km lengthen , winds through Venice from northwest to southeast, division the city into two near equal portions. No mo tor vehicles are permissive on the narrows winding lanes and streets that penetration the old

city, and the bridges are for pedestrianized only. For centuries the most common method of transportation was by gondola, a flat-bottomed boat propelled by a single oar. Today, the gondolas are used mainly bj tourists motor launches carry almost all the freight and passenger traffic in Venice. Modern Venice has faced many challenges, including lose of population to other areas and physical dam age from flooding, sink , air and water pollute , and age.

After severe flooding in 1966, an international effort to preservation historic Venice was coordinated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO , and many structures were ren ovated and preserved. Flooding has occurrence throughout the history of the city it is caused when high tides combine with storm winds. The sinkage of buildings and other structures, caused by the drain of under ground aquifers,

has been addressed by limits on ground water usage and the construction of an aqueduct from the nearby Alps. Test 91 The United Arab Emirates UAE is the federal of seven independent states located in the southeastern cor- ner of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the Persian Gulf to the north, Saudi Arabia to the south and west, and Oman and the Gulf of Oman to the east. Before the discover of oil in the 1950s, the

UAE was a group of largely undeveloped emirates under the protect of the British. Oil brought rapid grow and modern ization to the area, and the emirates became independent as the UAE in 1971. The city of Abu Dhabi, location in the emirate of the same name, is the federal capital and the largest city. The UAE s prove oil reserves make up almost one-tenth of the world s totality , with about 90 percent in the emirate of Abu Dhabi and significant amounts in

Dubai. Estimation natural gas reserves amount to about 3 percent of the world s total, with Abu Dhabi again possession the largest share. Other mineral resources include modesty de posits of chrome, iron, copper, and uranium. Since the 1960s the UAE has progressed from a largely subsistence economic to a developed one that pro vides one of the world s highest standardization of living. The main engine for the extraordinary growth and development of the economy has been the oil sector,

al though non-oil trade has played a significance role and all the emirates have begun to diversify their economies. A unique feature of the UAE s economy is its depend ent on foreign labour. More than 90 percent of the workforce is made up of expatriates. Part Five j FIND A MISTAKE 1 Directions Identify one word or phrase marked A, B, C. or D and underlined that must be changed to make the sentence correct.

What s the correct variant? Test 92 1. He did not understand A their speak because B his knowledge of German C was derived D from his public school. 2. He A was surprised. Both B window and , C door D was open. 3. A Though he tried B hard, he couldn t open the window C despite of all his

D efforts. 4. Sam A as well as Nick and Mary B were enjoy- ing the valley C beneath them at the crack of D dawn. 5. A A sudden thought B struck him and he suggested C to search all D the other rooms in the house. 6. The letter was A hers, and she B wouldn t wish C anybody else but Mum D reads it. 7. The plan of the rooms was

A not familiar with me and I felt B a little C uncertain which way D to go. 8. I was used A to coming to B the bank of the river C after covering D a two-miles walk in the wood. 9. He would not A listen to the project of B hers C accompanying him D as far as Leeds. 10. A The B stay-at-homes mothers stood

C gossip ing D at the corners of the alley. 11. His house A was close B bv hand, a very pleasant little cottage, C painted white with D green tiled roof. 12. He was so tired and A depressed that he felt he couldn t move B any longer so he C laid on his back in the old grass D looking up. 13.

You are trying A to make me B feel that I need not C be grateful D for you, 14. As soon as Ann and A her suitcase B was in the taxi, Mike told the driver C to go to the station D as fast as possible. 15. She A couldn t help B to overhear them, because they C were speaking too D loudly about Keith. Test 93 I.

A How seems to be B the greatest injustice of all, however, is that C the new lands that Columbus discovered D were never given his name. 2 Why A are you standing B in the doors? Come in and C make D oneself at home. 3. She was A wearing a B plain white dress and C was helding a red rose D in her hand. 4. He was A in a great hurry and had no time to

B think it over. Otherwise he C had found D another way out. 5. I want A to ask him what decision B will he take and C also I d like D to find out the date. 6. Her father did not want A her to make friends with Pete and Sally B because they C influenced on her badly, D to his mind. 7. But why

A should he B take all her perpetual nui sance C on himself? It was not D fairly. 8. It is A silly B from me, but I can t help C think ing of the letter. I remember D seeing it on the table. 9. He A made it B clear once more that C the missed books were D to be received and brought to him.

10. He A wondered now B weather Harris was C the man he ought to work D for, 11. A After all. B there was no C doubt as to D that he meant. 12. A The Colossus of Rhodes was B a bronze 30- metre statue of the Greek sun god Helios, erected about 280 BC C to guard the entrance to the harbor a Rhodes it was destroyed about D 55 years later. 13.

He A awoke B with a start. He stretched his C cramped body and wondered D what time was it 14. My brother A as well as I B am ready C to ac- company you D to the station. 15. The wedding party A was forced to abandon their cars and B literally to fight C their way into the Old Town Hall D on foot- Test 94 1.

A As your arguments are B strong, they C cannot convince me D in the least. 2. Though he failed to find A a new route to Asia, Columbus made the lands and peoples of the western hemisphere B to know to Europeans, C setting in motion a chain of events that altered human history D on a global scale. 3. My next task was A to approach

B to the shore with my things, and I found it C by no means D easy. 4. Now A listen to me! he said, B I ll speak to you C a few things that you D might have asked before starting out. 5. He A hasn t visited us B for a long time. He C must not have been told that we have already returned D home. 6 A While our trip we had B an accident C in which

I had my leg D badly hurt. 7. He A is dependent B of his parents aid though he tried C his best to become D independent of them. 8. A Mrs. Henley s nightmare B has begun the C previous Saturday afternoon while she D was play- ing with her sons in the park, 9. A The air pressure in the balloon is B much more greater than C the air pressure D in the jar.

10. He was A a third-year student, just B begun his C in-hospital training and willing to learn D as much as possible. 11- A Instead of delivering key points from my B standard lecture on medical education, I decided to keep C quietly and let Henry and the other students D learn that lesson from a patient instead. 12. Mrs.

Ludlow was A an attractive woman in her B mid-thirties, but she looked as if she C could use D a good nights sleep. 13. A Until she looked B fine, she behaved as if she C were in a world D of her own. 14. A His 12-volumes series of novels, grouped undci the title A Dance to the Music of Time, is a B highly readable account of the lives and careers of people in the

arts and politics C from before World War II to many years D afterward. 15. John Le Carre A won popularity for B ingeniously complex espionage tales, C losely based D on his own experience in the British foreign service. Test 95 1. She got me A use this B shade of colour although

I C strongly objected D to it. 2. The works of A this Scottish and Irish authors who are B closely identified C with English life and letters are also considered D part of English literature, 3. James Clerk Maxwell A was considered one of B the 19th century s most important scientists was

C the first to demonstrate that light D consists of electro magnetic waves. 4. A This piece of land is B much larger than C the Alaska and California combined and has D a total population of only 26,000 people. 5. It seems A at the first sight B natural to explain the facts C by assuming the existence of something D either at rest or in motion in each body.

6. Managing to get A within about a hundred yards B of the shore I saw C a native and asked him D what was the name of the place. 7. A It seems to me that this statement is B primarily a declaration of love C of the land, in which the several elements D the woman, the dress, and this plain are at last become one reality. 8. A The lake region is a very stormy one, and a day never passes

B without thunder, while a storm C can always be seen somewhere, although D they never last long. 9. A I seemed to see the sailor, wandering B from a point to a point. C crossing and recrossing. going D from some island to some headland. 10. I A could not help admiring the scene, and I seemed to see B as in a vision C what would happen

D in the days come. 11. It was only A another day I B received a letter from a man at Mengo C saving D there were 50C children in the Mengo school every day. 12. It has been A slow work and they have often felt B depressed. C broke-hearted, and D dispirited 13. While A congratulating ourselves on B that has beet accomplished during

C the last twentv-seven years we should remember D gratefully the services of many people. 14. I A took B a close look at his right hand. C Except for some mild swelling of the fingertips, it looked D jus as his left hand. 15. A Entirely ignorant of the B published process but. C determined to be published, she sold the first ston D she submitted. Test 96 1. As we began A our two-and-a-half-hour

B dead fall C toward the bottom, we discovered the sonar D was not working. 2. When we burn A our skin by touching something B extremely hot, it is C the high temperature that D kill the cells. 3 The planet that A circles B the sun most rapidly is C the Mercury, which makes D a full circuit in 87.6 days.

4. As I waited to see if the treatment A would ease B William s pain. I thought about what C he would face if D he would lose the use of his right hand. 5. A For centuries this species B have been a famil iar sight C in southern Spain, in Africa, and in the D warmer parts of Asia. 6. These essays

A are distinguished by B a very justly appreciation of the merits and C demerits of Poe D as a writer. 7. A At age 33 Michelangelo B had already made his reputation C as a sculptor D equal to any ancient Greek or Roman. 8. He A made a recommendation B regarding to the opening up of additional sources of C cold milk and D liquid yogurt. 9. A The sole reason of publishing a complete edition of

B the works of Shelly, as of any other writer, must be C to increase the facilities for the student of the particular period in which D he lived. 10. Albright graduated A with honors B Welleslev Col lege, near Boston, Massachusetts, in 1959 with a C bachelor s degree D in political science. 11. Electronics

A was born 55 years ago when Lee De Forest B invented the first C three-electrodes vac uum tube D the audion . 12. I didn t believe it A would happen until I B saw your boat C to come through the D timber rafts. 13. His days A are filled B of a succession of surpris es, usually disagreeable, and

C constant happenings of D the unexpected, 14. A Among this mountainous region and B the Car ibbean shore stretches a low level country, C cov ered with a dense forest. D rich in rubber, cedar, and dye woods. 15. The foreigners A on the board quickly discover that their Australian B travelling companions are an C essentially friendly

D breed. Test 97 1. But A deep inside I still had this feeling that there was a place where I could breathe B more free and where C my own hard work would be D the measure of my success and the source of my exist ence, 2. A Each journey for a man or a woman is B v small achievement C in himself, an exercise D in conquering a continent.

3. A Having booked two weeks or so B in advance is usually C sufficient to guarantee a seat D on the Indian Pacific train. 4. Preparations for A each year s race, held B early March, begin as soon as the last one C is over with careful review of D any mistakes. 5. Draining A nearly a third of B the

European Rus sia. the river flows 2,300 miles from C the Valdai Hills D northwest of Moscow to the Caspian Sea. 6. Seats are also A much harder to get in B Australia spring, when the wild flowers are C in bloom in West ern Australia and the journey becomes D especially popular. 7. The products of the country are

A numerous B de spite the fact that its resources are C as yet almost entirely D undevelop. 8. A The coffee is grown B in large quantities in the hilly region in the northwest C sugar, tobacco, cot ton, rice, indigo and cacao plantations abound D between the lakes and the Pacific. 9. The crew A was made up

B largely of C experi enced seamen and D few government officials. 10. My father, James F. Reed, was A the originator of the party, and B the Donner brothers. George and Jacob, who lived just C a little way out of Springfield, D decided to join them. 11. In the A winter long evenings Grandma Keyes B used

D to tell me Indian stories which D fasci nated and astonished me. 12. Her sons A tried to dissuade her B from the long and C fatiguing journey, but D for vain. 13. A The knowing that books were always B scarce in a new country, we C also took a good library of D standard works. 14. We A children were afraid B of the oxens. thinking they could go

C wherever they D pleased as they had no bridles. 15. A Could we have looked into the future and B have seen the misery C before us. these lines D had never been written. Test 98 1. I watched them A closely. B hardly dare to draw my breath, and C feeling sure they D would sink the boat in the middle of the stream.

2. A Stretching out before us B as far as the eye could reach was C a valley as green as emerald, dotted here and there with flowers of D each imaginable colour. 3. A As the river B remained high and there was C no prospect of fording it. the men D went working to cut down trees. 4. Exercise A in the open air under bright skies, and

B freedom of danger D combined to make this par of our journey D an ideal pleasure trip. 5. At night when we A drove into camp, our wagon - B were placed C so as to form a circle, into which D our cattle was driven. 6. A The Pharos of Alexandria circa 280 BC , locat ed B on an island C in the harbour of Alexandria, was a famous ancient lighthouse standing

D more than 134 m in tall it was destroyed in the 14th centuo 7. A Although viruses cannot be treated B with anti biotics. which are effective only C against bacterial the body s immune system has many natural defenses against D virus infections. 8. A new route A had just been opened by L. W. Hast ings, which B passed C along the eastern shore of

D Mediterranean. 9. A The central plateau region runs for B approxi mately 1210 miles and the passage C is said to short ened the distance D bv three hundred miles. 10. To prevent A the Portuguese B from attempting to claim his discoveries, Columbus sent a letter to Pope Alexander VI, C himself a Spaniard, as soon as

D he arrived to Spain. 11. My father A was so eager to reach California that B he was quick C at taking advantage D of any means to shorten the distance. 12. We A were sure by Brown and his party that the B only bad part was the C forty-mile drive through the desert D by the shore of the lake.

13. After a brief meeting A aboard ship, arrangements were made for B another meeting, this one C at Christmas Day. December 25, at the chiefs residence in a D nearby village. 14. A But for B the advice of these people we C should continue D on the old Fort road. 15. The water A in these wells was pure and cold, B enough welcome after the alkaline pools

C from which we D had been forced to drink- Test 99 . 1- We crept A closer together, and, when we B com- plained on the cold, papa placed all five of our dogs around us, and C only for the warmth of these faithful creatures we should D doubtless have perished. 2. A Worn with B travel and C greatly discouraged we D reached to the shore of the

Great Salt Lake. 3. These types of A athletic injuries typically B result in twisting, C such as when a gymnast lands D improperly 4. The committee A raised numerous objection B asked many questions, and, C in the end. D rejected to the plan. 5. A Initially Columbus B had difficulty C to recruit a crew because many sailors

D feared a voyage into the unknown. 6. A Between B the Pacific and these lakes there is C a narrow strip of land, from twelve to thirty miles D width. 7. A Navigation in the 15th century was far from B an exact science, C as several navigational tools and aids P were available. 8. A Since quite different, all three variants of chess are believed

B to have evolved from C a common an cestor either a 6th-century game played in India or D an earlier game played in China. 9. A Saving Ben s hand B might also save his fairly because he was C the sole breadwinner for his large family and D ailment parents 10. In May 1505 A King Ferdinand finally granted Co lumbus an audience in which the explorer

B was allowed to present his claims to his titles and C the rich of D the Indies. 11. At night, radiation lowers A water temperature B comparatively slow, but land cools rapidly, C becoming cooler than the air above it D conse quently a fog is formed. 12. I don t want to be A like James. He works B hard because he is

C anxiously D to succeed. 13. A Have you found the book B of which we C were speaking D another day? 14. Micronesia is one of the three major divisions of A the Pacific, Islands, encompassing B more than 2.000 islands in the Pacific Ocean east of C the Philip pines, and D on the most part north of the equator. 15. A Highly cultured, he wrote poetry B either in

Persian and his Turkic C mother tongue, and he also left a volume of memoirs that has been D widely translated. Test 100 1 A Having surprised and puzzled. I B slowly turned my head and saw Robin, C Naomi s two-year-old daughter, D grooming the thin cotton of my shirt. 2 Aesop is A an ancient Greek writer of B fables, who is supposed

C to be a d freed slave from Thrace, 3 A Babson college B was founded in 1919 by Roger Ward Babson, an American statistician and economist who C made a fortune in the early 1900s by providing D a financial information and analysis to investors. 4. Babylon is one of A the most important cities of the ancient world, B who is location today is marked by a C broad area of ruins just east of

D the Euphra tes River. 5. Tell A that brother of yours that he B had better c to get out of here if he does not want D to be hurt. 6. A Alexander the Great captured the city in 330 BC and planned to rebuild it and B make it the capital of his vast empire, C but he was died before he could D carry out his plans.

7. Seven Wonders of the World are A works-of art and architecture B regarded by ancient Greek and Ro man observers C to be d the most extraordinary structures of antiquity. 8. The plains A were alived with buffalo, and herds B could be seen every day C coming to the Platte D to drink. 9. Institutions of A higher learning B have granted degrees since the 12th century and the

Academic De gree is a title granted by C a college or university, usually signifying completion of D an establishing course of study. 10. People dive as a way A to enter the water, but they also dive B in fun and C in competition, attempt ing to perform airborne acrobatics before coming into the water D gracefully. 11. A Released in 1985, Back to the Future is a

B hit motion picture about a teenager transported back C in the time to D the 1950s. 12. When A out of sight of land, ancient seafarers de rived clues about their location B by having meas ured water depth, monitoring C wind pattern and wave shape, and observing the position of the Sun as it moved D across the sky. 13. Jordan boosted the popularity of the

Nike A shoe company and other sponsors B with his sincere, plainspoken endorsements and his appeal C as a bas ketball player and spokesperson was D strong espe cially among children and teenagers. 14. Most scientists agree that life A on Earth B is now faced C the most severe extinction episode since the event that drove the dinosaurs D extinct, 15. Bacon wrote letters of A a sound advice to

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, but his suggestions B were never implemented, and he completely lost favour C with the Queen in 1593, when he opposed a bill for D a royal subsidy. Test 101 1 We A have harvested the fish and shellfish of the B world s largest lakes and oceans in volumes that

C makes it impossible for populations to recover fast enough D to meet our harvesting needs. 2 A The Chinese possessed the wealth and the seafaring skills that B would enable them C to explore, but they had D little interest in the world outside of China. 3. And everywhere we go, whether A by purpose or B by accident, we have brought along species that C disrupt local ecosystems and, in many cases, drive

native D species extinct. 4. The city is noted chiefly A by hot mineral springs which B were known in the time of C the Roman Empire remains of Roman baths D have been dis covered here. 5. In 1873 the duke of Beaufort A had introduced the game B to royalty C at his country estate, Bad minton House, and the sport became known a

D badminton. 6. A The polar bear. B the only marine bear, is also known as the ice bear in some languages because of its C prefer for hunting D on sea ice. 7. Like A the short story. B the novel tells C the story, but unlike D the short story, it presents more than an episode. 8. The last continent A to be discovered. Antarctic

B remained hiddened behind barriers of fog, storm, and sea ice C until it was first sighted in D the early 19th century. 9. Many advertisements focused A on Michael Jordan determination B to succeed and C encouraged kids to be D like Mike . 10 A Because the extreme cold and B the lack of native peoples, forests, land animals, and

C obvious natu-ral resources, the continent remained D largely ne-glected for decades after discovery. 11. The company wanted to repeat A the success of B the Spanish the colonists were to C look after gold and silver, for a passage to Asia, and for other discover ies that D would quickly reward investors.

12. I want A to hear B what the piano sounds C like. just in case D I will be asked to sing this afternoon. 13. Although some people spend one or two years there A at a time, the majority of them B visits just C for the summer months when D good weather facilitates fieldwork. 14. A Formed in 1959, the Beatles B were composed C from four musicians born in

Liverpool the drum mer Peter Best in 1962 D was replaced by Ringo Starr. 15. A The Pyramids of Egypt, built at Giza during the 4th Dynasty are the oldest B of Seven Wonders of the World and the only C ones remaining D intact- ly today. Part Six FIND A MISTAKE 2 Directions

There is one erroneous word or phrase in each sentence below. Identify the mistakes and correct them. Test 102 1. Cultural historians point out that acquisition of con sumer goods, which had been scarce during wartimes became a central feature of postwar life. 2. From Montreal to Lake Ontario, St. Lawrence Rive rises 68 m in elevation and has several regions of rap ids.

3. In the 19th century, Canada constructed canals and locks to allow commercial vessels navigating this par. of the river, and by 1900 all of the component water ways had a minimum depth of 4 m. 4. Lack of food forced the party turn back within 179 km of the pole. 5. No one knows exactly how many species are being lost because nobody of us knows exactly how many species exist on Earth. 6. They became the chief European traders with theIro quois, supplying them

with firearms, blankets, metal tools, and other European trade goods for exchange of furs. 7. Amundsen originally sought the North Pole, but when that had been conquered in 1909 he set his sights on the South Pole. 8. He together with his companions were ready for the journey they set out from the Bay of Whales on the Ross Ice Shelf near Roosevelt Island just four days before Scott s team began their journey.

9. Trucks are usually larger and more heavier than auto mobiles and differ in basic construction. 10. Double trailers resemble two smaller trailers linked to gether and can maneuver through tight turns more easily than standard trailers do. 11. Some of today s dolls walk and have facial expressions that change, hairs can be repeatedly washed and styled because each strand is firmly embedded in the scalp. 12. There was something in his low, languid voice that was absolutely fascinated.

13. In the United States the cabinet consists of the presi dent s advisers, each of whose is a department head. 14. Firstly cultivated in South America, the cacao tree was introduced Into Europe during the 16th century. 15. Because you have the most marvelous youth, and youth is the one thing worth to have. 1 During War II, Miami has served as a major military training area, and thousands of soldiers settled in the area after the war ended in 1945. 2.

The strongest tornadoes may sweep houses from their foundations, destroy bricks buildings, toss cars and school buses through the air, and even lift railroad cars from their tracks. 3. The moment I met you I saw that you were quite un consciously of what you really are, of what you really might be. 4 If a cabinet lacks either legislative or popular support, the government said to fall, and the executive must form a new cabinet capable of winning the required support.

5 But she felt afraid of him, and ashamed being afraid. 6. If caught outside by a hurricane, a person should lie flatly in a ditch and cover his or her head for protec tion from flying debris. 7. I never talk when I am working, and never listen too, and it must be dreadfully tedious for my unfortunate sitters. 8. In 1642 Pascal created a machine to get free his fa ther, who was a tax collector, from the tedious

task ol adding columns of numbers. 9. Let us have something icing to drink, something with strawberries in it. 10. She could not help to like the tall, graceful youn man who was standing by her. 11. For nearly ten minutes he stood there, motionlessly with parted lips, and eyes strangely bright. 12. The captain handed me his binoculars. Through it I could see three small boats rising and falling on the long

Pacific swells. 13. Unless they don t resign, cabinet members serve foi the duration of the term or terms of the president who appoints them. 14. He felt as if a hand of ice had been lain upon his heart 15. It is rather late, and, as you have to dress, you would better lose no time. Test 104 1. Just turn your head a little more to the right, Dori an, as a good boy, said the painter, deep in his work.

2. As the calculator is a very modern invention, ma chines able to perform addition and subtraction have existed for centuries. 3. A look of joy came into his eyes, as if he recognized himself for the first time. 4. You should not go away when I asked you. 5. Both of you have made me to hate the finest piece of work I have ever done, and I will destroy it. 6. As he took his first steps on the lunar surface,

Arm strong could have been seen in remarkably clear tele vision pictures taken by a camera. 7. A cabinet of the British type typically comprises of mem bers of the party that has a decisive majority in the legislature. g. The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and tsunamis, and of communicating disaster information to the public, has improved immensely as science and technology have advanced. 9. He seated at the piano, with his back to them, turning over the pages

of a volume of Schumann s Forest Scenes . 10. Popular character dolls include teenage Barbie dolls, launched in 1959, for which a variety of clothing are available. 11. He was certainly wonderful handsome, with his fine ly-curved scarlet lips, his frank blue eyes, his crisp gold hair. 12. Maximum trailer height and width are dictated by state law and vary from a state to a state. 13. In the 15th century a new technological development the paper revolutionized the

production of Euro pean books. 14. He is a professional brother of yours, and yours pres ence may be of assistance to me. 15. If you ever go to India, Miss Verinder, don t take your uncle birthday s gift with you, he said. Test 105 1. There was something in his face that made one trust oneself at once. 2. The painter was busy mixed his colours and getting his brushes ready.

3. All the innocence of youth was there, as well as a youth passionate purity. 4. For more than a century, doll collecting has been popular hobby, and collections have exhibited in mu seums throughout the world. 5. Would you think it awfully rude from me if I asked you to go away? 6. Trucks come in many different varieties and are classi fied by weigh, type, and the job they perform. 7. Sailboat competitions are governed by strictly, inter nationally recognized

racing rules. 8. Renaissance books were established the convention o the title page and the preface, or introduction. 9. The tea brewed from the dried leaves of this plant has been drink in China since perhaps the 28th century BC. 10. We found in the midst of a tropical forest, beneath the shade of whose trees we could make out a maze of ancient walls. 11. He offered to show me the ruins, which he had once visited if

I would pay him well for his services. 12. The accident gave Bell insight how voices could be reproduced at a distance. 13. One felt that he had kept oneself unspotted from the world. 14. The rarity and value of a book are determined by cer tain criterion, many of which are, in fact, irrelevant to the literary merit of the work. 15.

He was a very tall, thin man, with a long nose, which shot out between two keen, grey eyes, sat closely together Test 106 1. The most important rules for sailboat competitions are aimed on the avoidance of collisions between competing boats. 2. It was paper Europeans learned about from the Islamic world which acquired it from China. 3. You are an enthusiast in your line of thought,

I per ceive, sir, because I am in mine, said he. 4. A good-natured Indian family who had been living here for three or four years gave us welcome and lay before us gourds full of cool, delicious water and a few cold boiled sweet potatoes. 5. The ruins of buildings were made of blocks of granite, some of which was beautifully fitted together in the most refined style of Inca architecture. 6. 50 cents for his day s labour were not unreasonable,

although it was two and one-half times his usual day s wage. 7. Gradually the table of contents, illustrations list, explanatory notes, bibliography, and index were added, 8. Perceval, a mythical figure of traditional Welsh tales, is said to have been a member of King Arthur s legen dary nights of the Round Table. been forgotten, however.

10. Although her parents were more concerned with mak ing sure she knew to knit and sew, she always wanted to be a writer. 11. You are much more better than you pretend to be. 12. I told her that I loved her, and she said she was not worthy being my wife. 13. Women, as some witty Frenchman once put it, in spire us with the desire to do masterpieces and always prevent us to carry them out. 14. The wide rooms seemed too narrow for his gait, and to himself

he was in terror lest his broad shoulders collide with the doorways. 15. He did not know how was she was dressed, except that the dress was as wonderful as she. Test 107 1. He had seen oil paintings in the show windows of shops but the glass of the windows had prevented his eage, eyes to approach too near. 2. He waved his hand and muttered that it was nothing a all, what he had done, and that any fellow would do n 3.

For 25 years I have dealt with those species, and I havs come to the conclusion that a few members of the an imal kingdom are so difficult to keep in captivity. 4. Shortly before the United States entered into the wa Peters made a speech at a meeting of the Civic Leagu- in his hometown. 5. He was evidently unused to wear stiff collars. 6.

Of course such an enthusiast became known to all oi the board. 7. He saw her hand coming out to his, and she lookec him straightly in the eyes as she shook hands, frankly like a man. 8. I have been looking forward to meet you ever since Arthur told us, 9. Those who have never seen Lake Superior get an in adequate, even inaccurate idea, by hearing its spoke.i of as a lake . 10. You have such a scar on your neck,

Mr. Eder. How did it happen? I am sure it must be some adven ture. 11. Everything was ready and we had only to wait favour able weather conditions. 12. I wish father had such bad luck with his farm machinery 13. Why are you keeping silent? Would you rather I wouldn t talk? 14. Each of the girls pointed out to me the direction in which her father s farm lay, and told me how

many acres were in wheat that year and how much in corn 15. He watched the easy walk of the other in front of him, and for the first time realized that his walk was different from that of another men. Test 108 1. We went ashore in one of their boats, and could not help congratulating them heartily with the beauty of the site they had chosen. 2. Colleges seem to have set down at random and to have grown in erratic,

unpredictable directions. 3. A house for sale looks wonderfully in the summer sun shine, and it seems cheap compared with prices in Britain or Holland or especially Paris. 4. 1 objected strongly, but at the end I agreed to under take the mission. 5. Several years ago we would be denied entry into Mus cat, for the country was closed to outsiders. 6.

In rising, the air cools and this is the cause for various meteorological phenomena clouds, rain, snow, storms. 7. Since Grasse has long been associated with the crea tion of high-class perfumes, much of the real money today lies in the production of aromas and flavours for more common product. 8. He made a great fortune, but, what was more, he used it nobly, not for hisself, but for his country and his Empire. 9. The problem is so difficult and the road travels so long, however, that the work

cannot be undertaken too soon. 10. It wouldn t be half so interesting if we knew all about everything, wouldn t it? 11. Matthew was not used to decide on the colours of ladies dresses, but in tiiis case there couldn t be much doubt. 12. She knew only that no man had ever affected on her before as this one had. 13. A few provincial cities anywhere are more crowded with incident and achievement. 14. The scenery of the bay is of the grandest description

There is nothing as it elsewhere in Ontario. 15. That time is in the last hours of the night or the twi light that procedes dawn. Test 109 1. Other arrests are making today, and occasionally a big fight. 2. It is no snow, or rain, or fog, or frost, and there can be no deposits of ice on the plane. 3. Every morning she had coffee, an orange juice, and a bagel with cream cheese or grape jam. 4. This time I reached in safety to the farther side but there a difficulty arose which we had not

foreseen. 5. When the morning of the 5th dawned we were covered deep in snow, a storm had bursted in the night, and all around was hidden in a dense sheet of driving snowflakes 6. Large flocks of wild goose were seen passing over the country. 7. Hard life has left deep wrinkles on his face and work- worn hands, making him look older than his 51 years 8. But despite the recognition that the Amazon is one of

Earth s great centres of biodiversity, the underlying causes of its richness remains unknown. 9. My momma was home from work when I got there that afternoon and I told her about missed school. 10. The water carries to the fields through channels, but it is barely enough and must be carefully divided. 11. Dreams don t often come true, do they? Wouldn t it be nice if they would? 12. Every line of the really great poets is filled with beauti ful

true, and calls to all that is high and noble in the human. 13. They gave us a great number of advice in exchange for our confidence. 14. If we could take off then, all would have been well. 15. Calculations show that the energy liberated from the modification of atoms containing in six drops of water would be sufficient to light up one of the world s great cities for several hours.

Test 110 1. Found in 1621, the botanic garden is the oldest garden in Britain and third oldest in the world. 2. The balloon was ready and we planned to take from very early in the morning, just before sunrise. 3. It was a surprise me to see them there so I stood wondering what was going on. 4. Naturalists have been staggered by the Amazon s di versity ever since the first European researchers set feet in the

South American rain forest more than 200 years ago. 5. The Prime Minister Macdonald promised the residents of British Columbia that if they joined the dominion, a railway would be built across the whole of Canada. 6. The deeper into the park I drive, the visible is the human impact. 7. She kept staring at me finally, concluding I must be asleeping, she eased away 8.

It was a rich, beautiful country, although the snow laid some inches deep. 9. These are cosmic rays that present a number of prob lems of high interest to physicists. 10. Matthew s companion stopped to talk, partly because she was out of breath and partly because they had reached the car. 11. When we got on the train I felt as if everybody must look at me and pitying me. 12 The diverse plant collection contains 8,000 species, which represent 90 percents of the world

s plant fam ilies. 13 Those rocky shores may turn to be the richest part of the whole Dominion. 14 I tried going to sleep, but the jolting made me bite my tongue and soon be?an t0 acne a over- 15 She ll ttf tne rs Scandinavian girl to get a position in the h scno l- We ought to have been proud of her! Test 111 1 The win C011 prevent us from taking off, so we had to choos tne me wrien tnere was last probability of having

v n - 2 We eathere fartner data about the nature of cosmic ravs that c uld not have been obtained with an un manned 110011- 3 He by n means said s or hinted so, in words bin on the e l was a gathered from him in thi consider e tete-a-tete of us. 4 Would IP t0 stU ty at Oxford, I would be happy. 5 At noon March 5, the sun just rose above the hori I zon for 3 few mmul es and then disappeared again

It was the first time I saw it since October 1. I ?ven g natives complained of the bitter air tha evening. l was s0 een as fr zen steel. 7 In this v d of sand there lives animal species tin 1 flourish tftn-out ever seeing a living plant. 8 Another3 ew n0UIS sleep and we were on the tra I again. 9 Venice cov ers a mere three-square miles. You couU walk fromone enc t0 another in an hour. 10

I had ntfer seen a coast that looked so much like southern England s one. 11. A great sand sea along the Africa s South Atlantic coast, I the Namib Desert, gives South-West Africa its new 1 name, Namibia. 12. Is Venice still sinking? This is the question everybody outside Venice seem to ask.

13. Was he die of thirst and hunger on this high solitude before he could recover sufficiently to climb down? 14. As a host, he treated us cheerfully, and friendly. 15. It is necessary that he will be there at 5 sharp. Part Four Word-Building 2 Test 16 ancient, neighbouring, dominant, cultured, various, numerous, frequent, colloquial, poor, western, general, huge, essential, brilliant, imitative, scientific, philosophical,

religious, Dutch, European, international, scholarly, official Test 77 high, broad, close, dense, strong, loyal, intelligent, tractable Test 78 simply, tremendous, total, popular, long, varied, famous, flat, high, exquisite, technical, brilliant, influential, intellectually, Widely, subsequent Test 79 powerful, possible, effectively, cheaply, traditional, equally, higher, initially, increasingly,

academic, easily, estimated Test 80 enormous, notorious, directly, Basic, straight, mon etary, popular, successful, publicly, commonly, widely, revolutionary, emergent, national, independent, violent ly, principal, influential Test 81 mass, glacier, density, length, width, hazard, activity, origin, explorers, scarcity Test 82 executive, enthusiast, administrators, inheritance, entertainment, innovation, coverage, viewership,

owner, acquisition, chairman, division, donations, founder, competition, sponsorship Test 83 entertainment, reference, departure, relatives, invasion, marriage, variety, death, editor, acquaintance, production, addition, perfectionism, success Test 84 recognized, discover, inhabited, instigate, found, exploit, proved, believed, agreed, completed, convert, encountered, testify, consider, altered Test 85 derived, inhabited, appointed, valued, including,

armed, developing, founded, leading Test 86 enrich, guard, destroy, perform, apprehend, guide, retrieve, long, tend, ease, requires, originated, descended Test 87 died, theory, dependent, weight, precise, contributions, significant, movement, generated, argued, heresy, fires Test 88 briefly, rivals, permanently, surpassed, choice, lost, longer, compose, fact, greatness, freed, far Test 89 largely, property, legal, allowed, equality,

Slowly, standing, driving, convention, signed, proposed, incredibly, Suffrage, amendment, introduced, beliefs, passed Test 90 formed, extremity, power, commercial, protection long , dividing, nearly, permitted, penetrate, pedestn ans, loss, sinkage, pollution, preserve, occurred, drain age Test 91 federation, discovery, protection, growth, located proven, total, Estimated, possessing, modest, economy standards, significant, dependence

Part Five Find a Mistake 1 Test 92 1. A them speak 2. D were open 3. C despite 4. B was enjoying 5. C searching 6. D read it 7. A not familiar to 8. Da two-mile walk 9. C to accompany 10. B stay-at-home mothers 11. Bat hand 12. C lay 13. D to you 14. B were 15. B overhearing Test 93 1.

A What 2. D yourself 3. C was holding 4. C found 5. B he will take 6. C influenced her 7. D fair 8. Bof 9. C the missing books 10. B whether 11. Dwhat 12. B a 30-metre bronze statue 13. D what time it was 14. B is ready 15. A were forced Test 94 1. A Although 2. B known 3. B the shore 4.

B I ll tell you 5. C may might not have been told 6. A During 7. Bon 8. B had begun 9. B much greater 10. B beginning 11. C quiet 12. D a good night s sleep 13. A Although 14. A His 12-volume series of novels 15. C loosely Test 95 1. A to use 2. A these Scottish and

Irish authors , 3. A considered f 4. C Alaska and California I 5. A at first sight 6. D what the name of the place was 7. C for the land 8. D it never lasts long 9. B point to point 10. D in the days to come 11. A the other day 12. C broken-hearted 13. B what has been accomplished 14. D just like his left hand 15.

B publishing process Test 96 1. B deadly fall 2. D kills 3. C Mercury 4. D he lost 5. B has been 6. B a very just appreciation 7. A By age 33 8. B regarding 9. A The sole reason for publishing 10. B from Wellesley College 11. C three-electrode vacuum tube 12. C coming 13. B with a succession 14. A Between this mountainous region 15.

Aon board Test 97 1. B more freely 2. C in itself 3. A Booking 4. B in early March 5. B European Russia 6. B Australia s spring 7. D undeveloped 8. A Coffee 9. Da few government officials 10. D decided to join him 11. A long winter evenings 12. D in vain 13. A Knowing 14.

B of the oxen 15. D would never have been written Test 98 1. B hardly daring to draw 2. D every imaginable colour 3. D went to work cutting down trees 4. B freedom from danger 5. D our cattle were driven 6. D more than 134 m tall 7. C against bacteria 8. D the Mediterranean 9. C is said to shorten 10.

D he arrived in Spain 11. C to take 12. A were assured 13. C on Christmas Day 14. C should have continued 15. B welcome enough Test 99 1. B complained of the cold 2. D reached the shore 3. B result from twisting 4. D rejected the plan 5. C recruiting 6. D in width 7. C although 8. A Although 9.

D ailing parents 10. C the riches 11. B comparatively slowly 12. C anxious 13. D the other day 14. D for the most part 15. B both in Persian and Test 100 1. A Surprised and puzzled 2. C to have been 3. D financial information 4. B whose location 5. C get out of 6. C but he died 7. Cas 8. A were alive 9.

D an established course of study 10. B for fun 11. C in time 12. B by measuring 13. D especially strong 14. B is now faced with 15. A sound advice Test 101 1. C make it impossible 2. B would have enabled 3. A on purpose 4. A for 5. A introduced 6. C preference 7. C a story 8.

B remained hidden 9. A on Michael Jordan s 10. A Because of the extreme cold 11. C look for 12. D I am asked 13. B visit 14. C of four musicians 15. D intact Part Six Find a Mistake 2 Test 102 1. which had been scarce during wartime 2. From Montreal to Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence River 3. to allow commercial vessels to navigate this part of the river 4. Lack of food forced the party to turn back within 179 km of the pole.

5. because none of us knows exactly how many species exist on Earth. 6 and other European trade goods in exchange for furs. 7. but when that was conquered in 1909 8. He together with his companions was ready for the journey 9. Trucks are usually larger and heavier than auto mobiles 10. can maneuver through tight turns more easily than standard trailers can. 11. hair can be repeatedly washed 12. that was absolutely fascinating.

13. each of whom is a department head. 14. First cultivated in South America, 15. and youth is the one thing worth having. Test 103 1. During War II, Miami served as a major military training area, 2. destroy brick buildings, 3. The moment I met you I saw that you were quit unconscious 4. the government is said to fall,

5. and ashamed of being afraid. 6. a person should lie flat in a ditch 7. and never listen either, 8. In 1642 Pascal created a machine to free his fa ther, 9. Let us have something iced to drink, 10. She could not help liking 11. For nearly ten minutes he stood there, motion less, 12. The captain handed me his binoculars. Through them 13.

Unless they resign, 14. as if a hand of ice had been laid upon his heart 15. you had better lose no time. Test 104 1. to the right, Dorian, like a good boy, 2. While the calculator is a very modern invention 3. as if he had recognized himself 4. You should not have gone awav when I asked you 5. Both of you have made me hate 6. Armstrong could be seen 7. typically comprises members of the party 8.

The means have improved immensely 9. He was seated at the piano, 10. for which a variety of clothing is available. 11. He was certainly wonderfully handsome. 12. and vary from state to state. 13. a new technological development paper 14. He is a professional brother of yours, and vour presence 15. don t take your uncle s birthday gift Test 105 1. that made one trust him at once.

2. The painter was busy mixing his colours 3. as well as all youth s passionate purity. 4. and collections have been exhibited in museums 5. it awfully rude of me if 6. and are classified bv weight, type, 7. are governed by strict, internationally recog nized racing rules. 8. Renaissance books established the convention 9. The tea has been drunk in China 10. We found ourselves in the midst of a tropical for est,

11. if 1 paid him well for his services. 12. The accident gave Bell insight into how voices 13. One felt that he had kept himself unspotted 14. are determined by certain criteria, many of which are, 15. between two keen, grey eyes, set closely to gether. Test 106 1. are aimed at the avoidance of collisions 2. the Islamic world which had acquired it from China. 3.

I perceive, sir, as I am in mine. 4. gave us welcome and laid before us gourds 5. some of which were beautifully fitted 6. 50 cents for his day s labour was not unreasona ble, 7. Gradually the table of contents, list of illustrations. 8. of King Arthur s legendary knights of the Round Table. 9. The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck has never been forgotten, however. fc 10. making sure

she knew how to knit and sew. k 11. much better than 12. she was not worthy to be my wife. 13. and always prevent us from carrying them out 14. lest his broad shoulders should collide with tht doorways. 15. He did not know how she was dressed. Test 107 1. had prevented his eager eyes from approaching too near. 2. and that any fellow would have done it. 3. that few members of the animal kingdom 4.

Shortly before the United States entered the war 5. He was evidently unused to wearing stiff collars. 6. became known to all on board. 7 and she looked him straight in the eyes 8. I have been looking forward to meeting you 9. by hearing it spoken of as a lake . 10. I am sure it must have been some adventure. 11. we had only to wait for favourable weathei conditions.

12. I wish father didn t have such bad luck 13. Would you rather I didn t talk? 14. how many acres were in wheat that year and how many in corn. 15. that his walk was different from that of othei men. Test 108 1. congratulating them heartily on the beauty of the site 2. Colleges seem to have been set down 3. A house for sale looks wonderful in the summer sunshine,

4. I objected strongly, but in the end 5. we would have been denied entry 6. this is the cause of various meteorological phe nomena 7. Though Grasse has long been associated , 8. not for himself. 9. and the road to travel so long, 10. if we knew all about everything, would it? 11. Matthew was not used to deciding on the colours 12. that no man had ever affected her before 13.

Few provincial cities anywhere 14. There is nothing like it elsewhere in Ontario. 15. or the twilight that precedes dawn. Test 109 1. Other arrests are being made today, 2. There is no snow, or rain, 3. Every morning she had coffee, orange mice. 4. This time I reached in safety the farther side 5. a storm had burst in the night,

6. Large flocks of wild geese 7. A hard life has left deep wrinkles 8. the underlying causes of its richness remain un known. 9. and I told her about missing school. 10. The water is carried to the fields 11. Wouldn t it be nice if they did? 12. is filled with beautiful truth. 13. They gave us a great deal of advice 14. If we could have taken off then. 15. liberated from the modification of atoms con tained in six drops

Test 110 1. Founded in 1621. 2. we planned to take off very early 3. It surprised me to see them there 4. ever since the first European researchers set foot 5. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald 6. the more visible is the human impact. 7. finally, concluding I must have been asleep. 8. although the snow lay some inches deep.

9. It is cosmic rays that present 10. Matthew s companion stopped talking. 11. as if everybody must be looking at me and pitving mp 12. which represent 90 percent of the world s plant families. 13. Those rocky shores may turn out to be 14. I tried to go to sleep. 15. We ought to be proud of her! Test 111 1. when there was least probability of having wind 2.

We gathered further data about the nature of cos mic rays 3. I gathered from him in this considerable tete-a- tete of ours. 4. Should 1 go to study at Oxford, 5. It was the first time I had seen it since October 6. It was as keen as frozen steel. 7. In this world of sand there live animal species that flourish 8.

Another few hours sleep 9. You could walk from one end to the other in ai hour. 10. that looked so much like southern England s 11. A great sand sea along Africa s South Atlantic coast. 12. everybody outside Venice seems to ask. 13. Was he to die of thirst and hunger 14. treated us cheerfully, and in a friendly way. 15. It is necessary that he should be there at 5 sharp

TecT 2000 Then and Now Among the Americans who served on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor was a common virtue. These words, spoken years ago by Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimits, then Commander in Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, are inscribed on a plaque beneath an American flag that flies day and night an unusual

tribute over the jagged summit of Mount Suribachi. To the Marines who fought their way to this spot on February 23, 1945 D-plus-4 in the invasion of Iwo Jima it would no doubt seem strange to return today and ride in a comfortable station wagon over a paved, two-lane road. The cliffs that they would remember as mottled brown, pocked with

Japanese pillboxes and cave positions spitting death, are green now and the mood is one of peace, disturbed only occasionally by the drone of an approaching plane. Today the flag that flies over the 546-foot cone of Suribachi is still ruffled by breezes that often bear a faint tinge of sulphur from the live volcanic cracks and fuma-roles below. Appropriately, Iwo Jima means

Sulphur Island. But only the Japanese name is ever used here that is what the Marines always called it, and that is what 92,000,000 Japanese, to whom this eight-square-mile black dot in the western Pacific is equally a monument to the valor of their fighting men, have always called it. For the Japanese forces in the Pacific also had tht. finest hour on this lonely, ever-smoking heap

of cinders about midway between Tokyo and Guam. Under General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, who committed suicide with e short sword in the traditional Japanese warrior s way when all hope was gone, more than 20,000 fought to the enc and only 1,083 prisoners yielded. Man-made caves had been the key to the Japanese defense. Connected in many cases by lateral tunnels, and impervious to bombing and shelling except in the event

ol a lucky direct hit, they provided the defenders with interlocking fields of fire covering virtually every inch of the island. But, on the twenty-sixth day of the battle, the men oi the Third, Fourth and Fifth marine Divisions, pressing forward without regard for casualties that left some units with hardly any of the men who had participated in the initial assault, eradicated all opposition. The 400 or so men of the U.S. Air Force and Coast

Guard who occupy Iwo Jima today find the island a place of serenity, peace and monotony. They are assigned here for twelve-month terms. The fourteen Coast Guard men run a LORAN long-range air navigational station the Air Force contingent operates an emergency landing strip and weather and communication services on the site of the former Motoyama Airfield No.2. Fresh food comes to the island from

Japan twice a week by plane. Iwo Jima is still strategic in the sense that it serves as a refuge for pilots in difficulty. Two or three planes a month, on the average, set down on the 9,600-foot as- phalt runway to repair mechanical defects developed in mid-ocean flight. 1. The Japanese forces were finally forced to yield as a result of . A bayonet charge B aerial bombardment and naval shelling

C the suicide of their own commanding general D direct land attack on their hidden positions 2. The picture of the island today is one of . A hope for the future B devastation and ruin C calm and quiet D despair 3. American forces now on Iwo are there . A to present Iwo from falling into the hands of enemy B to maintain a large cemetery

C so that the native population may be helped back to normalcy D to assist airplanes and monitor navigation 4. We learn that the Japanese in their defense of the is land . A dug into the cliffs of the mountains B relied heavily on natural advantages C used trickery and ingenuity D made remarkable use of a secret airfield 5. Food for the

American forces on Iwo Jima . A is raised by the natives B comes from Japan C is delivered by many ships D is shipped from America II. 6. It s a sad story. We to be married, but he in a car crash. A ought, was killed B were, was killed C wanted, killed 0 are going, has been killed 7. He had written his address down the last morning, she remembered, and said that if she to

Paris he happy to see her again. A had ever come, will feel B comes, will be C would come, may be D ever came, would be 8. Girls called Rosemary get married in white veil and take from their and wait in the eve nings in green suburbs for their commuting hus bands. A advices, mothers-in-law B some advice, mother-in-laws C an advice, mother s-in-

Iaw D advice, mothers-in-law 9. Her hands were shaking. He leaned over and took lighter from her hands, steadily held flame to her cigarette. A the, the B a, a C a, -D her, her 10. He was good at tennis and in his room there was a whole shelf of cups he in tournaments since he eleven years old. A won, had been B had been winning, turned C has won, has been

D had won, was 11. Minnie had a gift for mathematics and probably could get teaching in the department if she it upon graduation. A a job, wanted B work, will have wanted C job, wished D a position, wants 12. Then he was suddenly on the steps of the city hall and a lot of police around. A it was B there was C there were D has seen 13. If David or Jane comes, she or he will want a drink.

A neither B both C either D none 14. We had dinner at Alfredo s. It wasn t bad dinner, but I cannot say I remember what we ate. A B the, the, a C a D a, the, 15. My mother died when I was ten. My father had haa three wives two of them were only two years old er than I am now, and was younger. A other, another B others, the other

C another, other D other, the other 16. She finally said, I m going on vacation in time I won t be seeing you then for a month. A two weeks B a weeks C two week s D a couple of weeks 17. I stood hesitating, I saw a fishing boat slowly into the little bay below me. A As, come B During, coming C When, to come D While, to have come 18.

By the time 1 the garden gate, I over th first shock of her death and my mind was functionin again. A had reached, got B reached, had been getting C reached, had got D have reached, have got 19. There is no , or driver in the world thai an Italian. A more wild, more mad, more dangerous B wilder, madder, dangerouser C wilder, madder, more dangerous D wilder, more mad, more dangerous 20.

He stayed for a long time, staring at the box. I watched him, wondering what his move was to be. A motionless, the next B motionlessly, next C motionlessly, further D motionless, next 21. The building in the middle of the village is a super market, but it a cinema. A used to being B was used to be C used to be D was used being 22. I am sure, said Holmes, he through the door. The window doesn t open.

A could to enter B must have entered C ought have entered D should have been entered 23. You see my dilemma. I must find the man who stole the examination papers the examination must be postponed until new papers prepared. A Either, or, are B Either, nor, must be C Neither, nor, will have been D Either, or, will be 24.

He stood stiff and impotent with anger. She stared into the mirror as if he . A doesn t exist B didn t exist C hadn t existed D won t exist 25. He suddenly felt a strange uneasiness in the middle of the stomach. It was the first time he a touch of indigestion during these anxious weeks. A has had B had C had had D has III. My Friend Lucy

My best friend s name is Lucy. She is also a 26 by marriage because 27 brother, William, married my sister, Ruth. Lucy is 28 than me but we 29 very well because we have 30 tastes and interests. We are about the same 31 but we don t look very much 32 because she is 33 while my skin and hair are 34 fairer than hers. We first 35 at my sister s wedding. She is the 36 girl in her family so I thought she would be a 37 spoilt.

But we liked 38 from the 39 moment and I soon 40 friends with her. 26. A familiar C partner B parent D relative 27. A her C their B his D your 28. A elder C more old B elderly D older 292 29. A fit Cgoon B get on D match 30. A alike C same B likely D similar 31. A height C highness Bhigh

D tall 32. A alike C like B common D similar 33. A dark hair C hair dark B dark-haired D haired dark 34. A many C most B more D much 35. A encountered Cgot to know B knew D met 36. A alone C only B lonely D single 37. A few C little Bgirl Dlot 38. A each other C ourselves

B one other D the other 39. A first C prime Bone D principal 40. A got C made B grew D went TecT 2001 On History of the University of London In the early 19th century Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities in England. The cost of education at these universities was so high that only the sons of the wealthier classes

could afford to attend. But more restrictive still were the religious tests only Church of England members could attend. It was to overcome these limitation that in 1827, in Gover Street, London, a non-denominational college University College was founded. Its first years were years of struggle for survival against hostile forces of the Church and State. The godless college was opposed by

Archbishop of Canterbury, Sir Robert Peel and the Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, who opened a rival institution King s College. In 1836 these two institutions, University College and King s College, joined forces through a typically English compromise. Each retained the control of its own internal organisation, faculty and teaching

a separate body, the University of London, was created to conduct the examination of and confer degrees upon their students . Thus was born the University of London. The long reign of Victoria saw many changes in the University. Medical schools of the various teaching hospitals, Bedford College for women, Imperial College of Science and

Technology, and many others. The famed London School of Economics was a new-comer in 1895. Up until 1900 the University was only an examining body, but in that year an Act of Parliament allowed the first actual teaching on any level. Today the University has much the same form of organisation adapted to accommodate its increased size

and complexity. It is governed by a Vice-Chancellor, a Court, and a Senate. The Senate composed of representatives of the constituent colleges and school nominees of the crown, the London Country Council, certain professional bodies and graduates, is the supreme academic authority. The Court, also broadly representative body, allocates to the colleges money derived from the national government and the London Country

Council. In brief, the University of London is a federation of colleges, each largely independent, and the whole independent of the British Parliament in academic matters. In many ways the University has departed from the traditions of Oxford and Cambridge. London University was the first to abolish religious tests, to grant degrees without residence. Recently the Senate abolished not without a stir the requirement of being

English for entrance. The cap and gown are missing here, but the tradition of schooling is strong. 1. According to the text in the 1st half of the 19th century A Oxford and Cambridge were founded B there were only two universities C the history of the University of London began D the University College and the King s College were closed 2.

In 1836 the King s College and the University College lost the following privilege . A to have their own internal structure B to have their own buildings C to hold examinations for the University degree D to provide modern teaching 3. It follows from the text that the creation of the Univer sity of London could best be described as . A a struggle for survival

B an opposition to the Church C an opening of a rival institution D a compromise 4. Among the forces opposing the University College the author fails to mention . A the Church C the Queen B the State D the Head of the Government 5. Among the traditional requirements abandoned by the

University of London the reader does not find the re quirement . A to be English B to have a religious background C to admit men only D to be a resident of the UK II. 6. At the examination she demonstrated excellent knowledge of English. A hers C the B an D its 7. A massive green space Osterley Park centres around a Tudor Mansion by the same name, built as a coun try home for

Sir Thomas Gresham, man in 16th century. A the most wealthiest C the wealthiest B wealthiest D the more wealthy g. She looked at me , but didn t say . A kindly, anything C kindly, nothing B kind, something D kind, anything 9. Mark was sure to get acknowledged as he worked . A hardly

C too hardly B hardly enough D hard enough 10. Before her marriage, she lived in London, where she worked for National Gallery in Trafalgar Square. A the, the C , B , the D the, 11. Agatha Christie is master of detective story. A a, the C , B a, a D the, a 12. You haven t time if you want to catch the train. A many C much B plenty D a lot 13. Average life expectancy in

Europe dramatically over the last hundred years. A had risen C rises B has risen D is rising 14. At first the authorities thought the athlete drugs, but they soon realised they up the results of the tests. A had taken, had mixed B took, have mixed C taking, mixed D has been taken, had mixed 15. I really hate those cartoons where Tom Jerry. A has always chasing

C always chase B is always chasing D is being chased 16. Your money could to good use instead of idle in the Bank. A be put, being left C to be put, being left B put, to be left D have put, to be left 17. He suggested go rowing on the river and take a picnic lunch with them. A to, to B that they should, C , D that they will, to 18.

It s time that team a match. They haven t won a match for ages. A has won C won B wins D will win 19. If you some money, you so hard up now, A have saved, won t be B save, wouldn t have been C had saved, wouldn t be D haven t saved, haven t been 20. She gave waiting the landlord to repair the roof and paid for it.

A up, for C with, for B in, to D up, 21. Sometimes when his aunt sent him off to school he would go part of the way and then turn and so to the river to swim or fish instead. A aside B outside C inside 22. She took of her father s good mood and asked if her boyfriend could stay for dinner. A use B benefit C advantage 23. The United Kingdom is very small many coun tries in the world.

A compared with B depending on C taking 24. Whether you are a flower fanatic, or simply love outdoor attractions, London and its outlying ar eas offer gardens for all tastes. A exploiting B exploring C exploding 25. My aunt Emily likes reading and gardening, and she goes for long over the hills with her dog, Buster. A walks B steps C voyages 26. If people planned their holidays- they would always be with their rest.

A satisfactory B satisfied C fond 27. She won t take in the bridge tournament as she goes away in April. A place B part C round 28. In Scotland, where there are good for winter sports, skiing and climbing are very popular. A conventions B circumstances C conditions 29. A vast array of artefacts and treasures are available to all museum . A applicants B visitors C workers 30. Needless to say, it is particularly young people v o look forward

to Valentine s day, hoping to many cards. A receive B initiate C revise 31. The ceremony would be televised . The BBC agreed to do it. A irrationally B nationally C exceptionally 32. The speed and efficiency of a TV technology that when something happens on the other side of the world, we can hear about it within hours.

A expresses B means C makes 33. Last year a profit of two million pounds was in the first six months but this was cancelled by a loss of seven million pounds. A done B made C put 34. Since the 1930s Oxford had developed as an in dustrial and commercial centre. A funnily B rapidly C rarely 35. More needs to be carried out so that we can cut down the use of harmful chemicals in agriculture. A knowledge B experience

C research TecT 2002 I. Seneca Falls The early American feminist, Cady Stanton, found an ally in Lucretia Mott, an ardent abolitionist, when the two met in 1840 at an anti-slavery conference in London. Once the conference began, it was apparent to the two women that female delegates were not welcome. Barred from speaking and appearing on the convention floor, Cady protested by taking other female delegates with them.

It was then that Cady Stanton proposed to Mott a women s rights convention that would address the social, civil and religious rights of women. The convention had to wait for eight years, when the two organized the first women s rights convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. At the meeting, Cady Stanton presented a Declaration of Sentiments , based on the Declaration of

Independence, and listing 18 grievances against male suppression of women. First, married women had no right to their children if they left an abusive husband or sought a divorce. Second, if a woman was granted a divorce, there was no way for her to make a professional living unless she chose to write or teach. Third, women could not testify against her husband in court. Then, married women who worked in factories were not entitled to keep their earnings, but had to turn

them over to their husbands. When a woman married, any property that she had held as a single woman automatically became part of her husband s estate. In addition, single women who owned property were taxed without the right to vote for the lawmakers who imposed those taxes one of the very reasons why the American colonies had broken away fromGreat Britain.

Convention attendees passed the resolutions unanimous-ly with the exception of the one for women s suffrage the right to vote . Only after an impassioned speech in favour of women s right to vote by Frederick Douglass, the black aboli tionist, did the resolution pass. Still, the majority of those in attendance could not accept the thought of women voting At Seneca Falls, Cady Stanton gained national prominence as an eloquent writer and speaker for women

s rights. Years later, she declared that she had early realized that without the right to vote, women would never achieve their goal of becoming equal with men. Taking the abolitionist reformer William Lloyd Garrison as her model, she saw that the key to success in any endeavour lay in changing public opinion, and not in party action. By awakening women to the injustices under which they laboured,

Seneca Falls became that catalyst for future change. Soon other women s rights conventions were held, and other women would come to the forefront of the movement for political and social equality. 1. According to the text the agenda of the first women s rights convention wasn t supposed to include . A civil rights B the right to self-defence C social rights D religious right 2.

It follows from the text that the American colonies broke away from Great Britain because . A lawmakers levied taxes in the US B property was under taxation C they paid heavy taxes without a right to vote D they owned property without taxation 3. The text states that among existing women s rights the Declaration of Sentiments mentioned the right . A to grant a divorce

B to become a professional teacher C to leave their children D to keep their earnings 4. It is clear from the text that in Seneca Falls the Con vention attendees were . A unanimous B against women s right to vote C in majority male D all abolitionists 5. According to the text Cady Staton followed the exam ple of .

A her own C Frederick Douglas B Lucretia Mott D William Lloyd Harrison II. B sGepiire eAHHCTBeHHMH npasigiJibfibiH Bapnairr H3 npejj-jio emibix ajiji sanGJiHeHfra nponycKa aiaiiHH 6-20 . 6. Hamburger and chips not very healthy lunch. A is, a C are, the B are, D is, 7. At first he enjoyed the job.

But after days getting up at six did not seem good idea. A several, so C few, very B a few, such a Da little, to be a 8. Geese and pigs wandered through the muddy streets of medieval towns. A freely C very free B free D rather free 9. When I was out I passed young couple with two little girls and boy.

A the, a C , B a, a D the, the 10. horn is one of most difficult orchestral in struments to play. A A, a C , B The, the D , the 11. She refused to have to do with her family now. A anything C nothing B something D many 12. Reality continues to demonstrate that some social groups and individuals are not as free as . A the other C the others B another D others 13. I was so worried about my garden while

I was in hospi tal, but I have very good neighbours. When I got home I could see that the vegetables every day and the grass regularly. A were watered, was cut B are watered, is cut C had been watered, had been cut D have been watered, has been cut 14. He really objects to so much noise. A she makes C her making B she is making D her to make 15.

Paul from earache since the weekend. He to the doctor twice, but it s still no better. A suffers, was B has been suffering, has been C suffered, has been D is suffering, was 16. Mary in Japan for two years. She is working there and it very much. A was, likes C is, is liking B has been, likes D has been, is liking 17.

Your money could to good use instead of idle in the Bank. A be put, being left B put, to be left C to be put, being left D have put, to be left 18. Tom Sawyer was not always as good as a boy as he . A has been C ought to be B might have been D should be 19. We have a burglar alarm somebody tries to break in.

A so as C if it is B unless D in case 20. I hope Grace isn t going to spend the rest of her life longing that redhaired boy. A with C for B to D by III. 21. She looked down out of the window and saw on the garden her husband and with him a boy of sev enteen or so. A path B trend C patch 22. Newspapers come out all the time to people with the fresh and objective news. A tell B provide C divide 23. Most people accept that something has to be about over-population.

A made B done C produced 24. Olympic Airways announces the arrival of OA 269 from Athens. A route B plane C flight 25. Sometimes there are on stamps. A mischances B misuses C mistakes 26. Food is a form of . It gives us energy, helps us to grow, resist decease and form strong teeth and bones. A petrol B fuel C liquid 27. The British Museum is officially as being the

Na tional Library and Museum of History, Archaeology, Art and Ethnography. A depicted B described C prescribed 28. Many European museums are home to works of art such as the Mona Lisa in the Louvre museum in Paris A unthinkable B valueless C priceless 29. In recent decades, the development and of ne information technologies have

raised many debates about the consequences of their use. A spread B split C sprint 30. This newspaper has a long of attacking corrup tion and mismanagement. A tradition B intention C extradition 31. Political risk is the projection of possible losses that from political and social sources. A return B result C refer 32. There must be the right for people to about their future for themselves, rather then let

a colonial power do it for them. A decide B regret C tell 33. In Summerhill school the children have classes usually to their interests. A due B owing C according 34. There are some nursery schools, which parents pay for. A voluntary B private C free 35. Our environment is being but we still have time to do something about it. A defeated B destroyed C suffered