Колледжи и университеты США

A short time after the first colonists came to the territory, which we now call Massachusetts, the General Court of Massachusetts made the first contribution for Harvard College. It was in 1636. This school later be¬came the famous Harvard University. It is the oldest university in the United States. It was named in honor of John Harvard, who died in 1638.

This man left his library and half of his property to the university. People knew that the future of the new country depended on education. And after the establishment of Harvard they began to establish other schools. In 1776 the Americans declared their independence. By this time nine other institutions were opened.

Their present names and the dates of their opening are: College of Willian and Mary (1693). Yale University (1701). Princeton University (1746). Washington and Lee University (1749). Columbia University (1754). University of Pensilvania (1755). Brown University (1764). Rutgers College (1766). Dartmouth

College (1770). Some of the money for the educational institutions came from the government, but most of it came from people who felt that by giving their money they were investing in the new country. People believed that the new country needed colleges. They voted for their state governments to organize colleges, which would be supported by taxes. These are called state universities and they arc playing leading roles in the world of education in

America. By 1894 all states had such universities. The University of Michigan, which first opened as a school in Detroit in 1817, became a state university in 1837 when Michigan became a state. In the early 1800s most people thought that only men should affend college. But other people fell certain that women too must be educated.

Some of them thought that the best would be to have co-educated colleges. Others thought that there must be separate colleges for men and women; Oberlin College, which was founded it 1833 was the first co-educational school. Mount Holyoke was founded in 1837. It was the first school for women. Other schools for women are: Vassar (1821), Wells (1868),

Wellesley (1871). In 1870 Illinois, Missouri, California began to admit women to state universities. Now all public universities admit women. Even many private men's colleges are beginning to admit women. So the ideas about American education are changing. Princeton University Princeton University is a vibrant community of scholarship and learning that stands

in the nation's service and in the service of all nations. Chartered in 1746, and known as the College of New Jersey until 1896, it was British North America's fourth college. Fully coeducational since 1969, Princeton in the 2002-2003 academic year enrolled 6,632 students 4,635 undergraduates and 1,997 graduate students with a ratio of full-time students to faculty members of 5.6

to 1. The University, with more than 12,000 employees, is Mercer County's largest private employer and plays a major role in the educational, cultural and economic life of the region. The College of William and Mary. The College of William and Mary, one of the nation's premier state-assisted liberal arts universities, believes that excellence in teaching is the key to unlocking intellectual and personal possibilities

for students. Dedicated to this philosophy and committed to limited enrollment, the College provides high-quality undergraduate, graduate and professional education that prepares students to make significant contributions to the Commonwealth of Virginia and the nation. In recognition, the media have included William and Mary among the nation's prestigious "

Public Ivys," and ranked it first among state institutions in terms of commitment to teaching. History Chartered on February 8, 1693, by King William III and Queen Mary II as the second college in the American colonies. Severed formal ties with Britain in 1776. Became state-supported in 1906 and coeducational in 1918.

Achieved modern university status in 1967. Phi Beta Kappa, the nation's premier academic honor society, and the honor code system of conduct were founded at William and Mary. Location Located in historic Williamsburg, Va approximately 150 miles south of Washington, D.C midway between Richmond and Norfolk, Va. Campus Approximately 1,200 acres including picturesque

Lake Matoaka and the College Woods. Adjacent to Colonial Williamsburg, the Ancient Campus section is restored to 18th-century appearance. Instructional Faculty 569 in arts and sciences, marine science, education, business administration and law; 93 percent of the faculty teaching undergraduate courses have attained terminal degrees. Enrollment 7,500 of whom approximately 5,500 are undergraduates.

Student-Faculty Ratio Approximately 12 to 1. Student Statistics Students from 50 states and 75 foreign countries; 79 percent of current freshmen graduated in top tenth of their class with the middle 50 percent having total SAT scores ranging from 1240-1400; 28 percent of all students received need-based financial aid totaling $14 million in 2000-2001. Tuition and Fees

For the 2002-2003 session, total annual cost of tuition, fees, room and board for in-state undergraduate students is$10,626; for out-of-state undergraduate students, $24,826. In-state students in the School of Law pay $11,100 and out-of-state students pay $21,290. In-state students in the Master's of Business Administration program pay $9,978 and out-of-state students pay $21,258. In-state graduate students in the Schools of

Marine Science, Education, and Arts and Sciences pay $6,138 and out-of-state students pay $17,972. Student Activities Over 250 student-interest groups plus 16 national social fraternities and 12 sororities; William and Mary Theatre, Concert and Sunday Series; Choir; Band; Speakers Forum; live entertainment in 10,000-seat W&M Hall. There are a total of 23 men's and women's intercollegiate athletic teams.

Degrees A.B B.S B.B.A M.A M.S M.B.A M.A.C M.Ed M.A.Ed Ph.D J.D Ed.D Psy.D LL.M M.P.P. Programs of Study American Studies+#, Anthropology+#, Applied Science+#, Art/Art History, Biochemistry (minor only), Biological Psychology*, Biology+, Black Studies*, Business Administration+^,

Chemistry+, Classical Studies (Latin, Greek, Hebrew), Computer Science+#, Dance (minor only),Economics, Education (certification)+#, English, Environmental Science/Studies*, Film Studies (minor only), Geology, Government, History+#, International Studies (International

Relations and separate concentrations in African, East Asian, European, Latin American, Middle Eastern and Russian Studies), Kinesiology, Law^, Linguistics*, Literary and Cultural Studies*, Marine Science+#, Mathematics+, Medieval and Renaissance Studies*, Military Science,

Modern Languages (Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish), Music, Philosophy, Physics+#, Psychology+#, Public Policy+, Religion, Sociology, Theatre and Speech, Women's Studies* *Interdisciplinary Studies Degree +Master's

Degree Program #Doctoral Degree Program ^Professional Degree Program Schools Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Law, Marine Science Special Opportunities Freshman seminars focusing on specialized topics with a limited class-size of 17 students. Undergraduate research opportunities. Community service projects and organizations.

Psy.D. degree in Clinical Psychology in conjuction with Eastern Virginia Medical Authority. Center for International Studies with Study Abroad programs in Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Scotland. Summer session with graduate offerings on campus.

Special institutes and seminars. Departmental Honors programs. 17 computer labs outfitted with the latest Pentium PCs. A high-speed fiber-optic network connects all campus buildings, including residence hall rooms. Foreign language houses. Military Science Program. Advisory programs in pre-engineering, pre-law and pre-medicine.

Library The Earl Gregg Swem Library contains more than one million volumes and computer access to many standard computerized data bases. Special Collections include documents from many historical figures, including the lifetime papers of U.S. Chief Justice Warren Burger. Computers Seventeen computer labs around campus outfitted with the latest Pentium PC computers. Campus buildings including all residence hall rooms - are tied to a high-speed

fiber-optic network, featuring the World Wide Web and cable television. Major Buildings Sir Christopher Wren Building (1695), oldest academic building in the U.S.; President's House (1732); the Brafferton (1723); Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall; William and Mary Hall seating up to 10,000 for convocations, sports events, cultural programs. Among the College's newest buildings are the

University Center, McGlothlin-Street Hall, the Reves Center, Plumeri Park and the McCormack-Nagelsen Tennis Center. Residential halls and houses for 4,450 students. Endowment $366 million Annual Budget Total $172 million for 2002-2003 Alumni 70,000 Governance A 17-member Board of Visitors appointed by the

Governor of Virginia. Administration Chancellor: Dr. Henry A. Kissinger (The former Secretary of State and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 is 22nd Chancellor of the College) President: Timothy J. Sullivan '66 (25th President of the College) Provost: Gillian T. Cell Vice President for

University Development: Dennis Cross Vice President for Student Affairs: W. Samuel Sadler '64 Vice President for Public Affairs: Stewart H. Gamage '72 Vice President of Finance: Samuel E. Jones '75 Vice President for Administration: Anna Martin Director of Athletics: Edward C. Driscoll,

Jr. Yale University. Yale University was founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School in the home of Abraham Pierson, its first rector, in Killingworth, Connecticut. In 1716 the school moved to New Haven and, with generous gift by Elihu Yale of nine bales of goods, 417 books, and a portrait of King George the first, renamed

Yale College in 1718. Yale embarked on a steady expansion, establishing the Medical Institution (1810), Divinity School (1822), Law School (1843), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the School of Fine Arts (1869) and School of Music (1894). In 1887 Yale College became Yale University. It continued to add to its academic offerings with the

School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (1900), School of Nursing (1923), School of Drama (1955), School of Architecture (1972), and School of Management (1974). Rutgers College. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, with over 60,000 students on campuses in

Camden, Newark, and New Brunswick, is one of the major state university systems in the nation. The university is made up of twenty-six degree-granting divisions; twelve undergraduate colleges, eleven graduate schools, and three schools offering both undergraduate and graduate degrees. Five are located in Camden, seven in Newark, and fourteen in New Brunswick. Rutgers has a unique history as a colonial college, a land-grant institution, and a state

university. Chartered in 1766 as Queen's College, the eighth institution of higher learning to be founded in the colonies before the revolution, the school opened its doors in New Brunswick in 1771 with one instructor, one sophomore, and a handful of freshmen. During this early period the college developed as a classical liberal arts institution. In 1825, the name of the college was changed to Rutgers to honor a former trustee and revolutionary

war veteran, Colonel Henry Rutgers. Rutgers College became the land-grant college of New Jersey in 1864, resulting in the establishment of the Rutgers Scientific School with departments of agriculture, engineering, and chemistry. Further expansion in the sciences came with the founding of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in 1880, the

College of Engineering in 1914, and the College of Agriculture (now Cook College) in 1921. The precursors to several other Rutgers divisions were also founded during this period: the College of Pharmacy in 1892, the New Jersey College for Women (now Douglass College) in 1918, and the School of

Education (now a graduate school) in 1924. Brown University Founded in 1764, Brown University was the third college in New England and the seventh in America - and the only one that welcomed students of all religious persuasions. A commitment to diversity and intellectual freedom remains a hallmark of the University today. Established as Rhode Island College in the town of

Warren, Rhode Island, the University moved to its present location on Providence's College Hill in 1770. In 1804, the University was renamed to honor a $5,000 donation from Providence merchant Nicholas Brown. Over the years the University grew steadily, adding graduate courses in the 1880s, a women's college in 1889 (renamed Pembroke College in 1928), a graduate school in 1927, and a medical education program in 1973 (now the

Brown Medical School). The men's and women's undergraduate colleges merged in 1971. While facilities and programs expanded, Brown chose to keep its enrollment relatively small, with an undergraduate student-faculty ratio of about 9 to 1. The main campus covers nearly 140 acres, all of it within a 10-minute walk of its hub, the College Green. The University is situated on a historic residential hill overlooking downtown

Providence, a city of some 170,000 people. The University library system contains more than 5 million items, including bound volumes, periodicals, maps, sheet music, and manuscripts. The number of items grows by more than 100,000 each year. The John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, known as "the Rock," is Brown's primary humanities and social-sciences resource center.

The Sciences Library houses the University's collection of science and medical books and periodicals. Located on the 14th floor is the University's media services operation. The John Hay Library houses special collections, including most of the University's rare books, manuscripts, and archives. The John Carter Brown Library is an independently administered and funded center for advanced research

in history and the humanities. It houses an internationally renowned collection of primary sources pertaining to the Americas before 1825. Other specialty libraries include the Orwig Music Library (the general music collection), the Art Slide Library (slides of art and art-related subjects, including architecture and archaeology), and the Demography Library (a major resource for population research).

Teaching, research and public service are conducted through a number of centers and institutes affiliated with the University. They include the Annenberg Institute for School Reform, the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, the Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, the Population Studies and Training Center, and the

Watson Institute for International Studies. Carrying on an intercollegiate athletic tradition more than 100 years old, the Brown Bears compete against the seven other Ivy League schools and against other colleges and universities at the NCAA Division I level. Brown has one of the nation's broadest arrays of varsity teams 37 in all; 20 for women and 17 for men. Brown has its share of historic firsts, including the nation's first intercollegiate

men's ice hockey game (defeating Harvard 6-0 on January 19, 1898) and the nation's first women's varsity ice hockey team (organized in 1964). As a member of the Ivy League, Brown awards financial aid on the basis of need; it does not grant athletic scholarships. University of Pensilvania. Students: Full-time: 18,050 Part-time: 4,276 Total: 22,326 Full-time Undergraduate:

9,863 Full-time Graduate/professional: 8,187 (Fall 2001; most current figures) Undergraduate Admissions: Penn received record-high 19,153 applications for admission to the Class of 2005. Of those applicants, 4,132, or 21.6 percent, were offered admission, making the class of 2005 the most selective in Penn's history and the institution among the most selective universities in America. Ninety-two percent of the students admitted for

Fall 2001 came from the top 10 percent of their high school graduating class and scored a combined 1,412 on the SAT. 2,391 students matriculated into this year's freshman class. Internationalism: Record-high 2,588 international students applied for admission to Penn's undergraduate schools for Fall 2001, and 401 (15.5%) received admissions offers. Ten percent of the first Ten percent of the first year classes are international students.

Of the international students accepted to the Class of 2005, 11.1% were from Africa and the Middle East, 44.6% from Asia, 1% from Australia and the Pacific, 14.3% from Canada and Mexico, 10.6% from Central/South America and the Caribbean, and 18.6% from Europe. Penn had 3,485 international students enrolled in

Fall 2001. Study Abroad: Penn offers 65 study-abroad programs in 36 countries. Penn ranks first among the Ivy League schools in the number of students studying abroad, according to the most recent data (Institute for International Education, 1999-2000). In 1999-2000, 1,196 Penn undergraduate students participated in study- abroad programs. Diversity: About 42 percent of those accepted for admission to the

Class of 2005 are Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American. Women comprise 50 percent of all students currently enrolled. Undergraduate Schools: Penn's four undergraduate schools, with their Fall 2001 student populations, are: The College at Penn (School of Arts and Sciences), 6,464 School of

Engineering and Applied Science, 1,612 School of Nursing, 363 The Wharton School, 1,729 Graduate and Professional Schools: Penn's 12 graduate and professional schools, with their Fall 2001 student populations, are: Annenberg School for Communication, 78 School of Arts and Sciences, 2,302

School of Dental Medicine, 530 Graduate School of Education, 1,059 School of Engineering and Applied Science, 884 Graduate School of Fine Arts, 562 Law School, 856 School of Medicine, 1,091 School of Nursing, 351 School of Social Work, 326 School of Veterinary Medicine, 451 The Wharton

School, 2,055 Faculty: Standing: 2,257 Associated: 2,062 Total: 4,319 The student-faculty ratio is 6.4:1 (Fall 2001). Measures of distinction of the faculty include: 61 members of the Academy of Arts and Sciences; 44 members of the Institute of Medicine; 39 members of the National Academy of Sciences;

91 Guggenheim Fellowships (1980-2001); 11 members of the National Academy of Engineering; Seven MacArthur Award recipients; Six National Medal of Science recipients; Four Nobel Prize recipients; and Two Pulitzer Prize winners Staff: Penn is the largest private employer in the city of

Philadelphia and the fourth-largest in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of Fall 2001, Penn has a total regular work force of 12,290. The University of Pennsylvania Health System, which includes the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, employs an additional 12,673 people. Academics: Total undergraduate majors currently being pursued:

94 (Academic Year 2002). Libraries: 5.0 million books 3.6 million items on microfilm 39,439 periodical subscriptions 1,952 CD-ROM databases 4,734 e-journals Athletics and Recreation: A charter member of the Ivy League, Penn offers intercollegiate competition for men in 20 sports, including basketball, baseball, heavyweight crew, lightweight crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, sprint

football, squash, swimming, tennis, indoor track, outdoor track and wrestling. It offers intercollegiate competition for women in 14 sports, including basketball, crew, cross country, field hockey, fencing, golf, gymnastics, lacrosse, soccer, softball, squash, swimming, tennis, indoor track, outdoor track and volleyball. During the 2001-2002 academic year, there were 14,678 team members participating in 20 intramural teams; 927 additional students were members of 30 club sports.

Campus Size:  West Philadelphia campus: 269 acres, 151 buildings (excluding hospital)  New Bolton Center: 600 acres, 77 buildings  Morris Arboretum: 92 acres, 30 buildings Living Alumni of Record: Total: 233,303 (Fiscal Year 2001) Undergraduate

Admission and Fees: $27,988 (Academic Year 2003) Room and Board Fees: $8,224 (Academic Year 2003) Community Service: Approximately 5,000 University students, faculty and staff participate in more than 300 Penn volunteer and community service programs. The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools recognized the

University's West Philadelphia Improvement Corps (WEPIC), in Penn's Center for Community Partnerships, for exemplary school-college partnerships in Pennsylvania. Fundraising (Fiscal Year 2001): Endowment $3.382 billion (as of June 30, 2001) Voluntary support: $285 million 107,941 donors gave $138 million in contributions $92 million in gifts from foundations and associations $37 million in gifts from corporations

Sponsored Projects (Fiscal Year 2001): $550 million in awards 4,169 awards 2,655 projects 1,219 principal investigators Budget: $3.21 billion (Fiscal Year 2002) Payroll (including benefits): $1.324 billion (Fiscal Year 2002) Washington and Lee University. Washington and Lee is a small, private, liberal arts university nestled between the

Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains in Lexington, VA. It is the ninth oldest institution of higher learning in the nation. In 1749, Scotch-Irish pioneers who had migrated deep into the Valley of Virginia founded a small classical school called Augusta Academy, some 20 miles north of what is now

Lexington. In 1776, the trustees, fired by patriotism, changed the name of the school to Liberty Hall. Four years later the school was moved to the vicinity of Lexington, where in 1782 it was chartered as Liberty Hall Academy by the Virginia legislature and empowered to grant degrees. A limestone building, erected in 1793 on the crest of a ridge overlooking

Lexington, burned in 1803, though its ruins are preserved today as a symbol of the institution's honored past. In 1796, George Washington saved the struggling Liberty Hall Academy when he gave the school its first major endowment $20,000 worth of James River Canal stock. The trustees promptly changed the name of the school to Washington Academy as an expression of their gratitude.

In a letter to the trustees, Washington responded, "To promote the Literature in this rising Empire, and to encourage the Arts, have ever been amongst the warmest wishes of my heart." The donations - one of the largest to any educational institution at that time –continue to contribute to the University's operating budget today. General

Robert E. Lee reluctantly accepted the position of president of the College in 1865. Because of his leadership of the Confederate army, Lee worried he "might draw upon the College a feeling of hostility," but also added that "I think it the duty of every citizen in the present condition of the Country, to do all in his power to aid in the restoration of peace and harmony."

During his brief presidency, Lee established the School of Law, encouraged development of the sciences, and instituted programs in business instruction that led to the founding of the School of Commerce in 1906. He also inaugurated courses in journalism, which developed by 1925 into The School of Journalism now the Department of Journalism and

Mass Communications. These courses in business and journalism were the first offered in colleges in the United States. After Lee's death in 1870, the trustees voted to change the name from Washington College to Washington and Lee University. Once an all-male institution, Washington and Lee first admitted women to its law school in 1972. The first undergraduate women matriculated in 1985.

Since then, Washington and Lee has flourished. The University now boasts a new science building, a performing arts center and an indoor tennis facility, and it continues to climb the ranking charts of U.S. News and World Report and other rating agencies. Washington and Lee is ranked 15th among the top national liberal arts colleges by

U.S. News. Washington and Lee University observed its 250th Anniversary with a year-long, national celebration during the 1998-99 academic year. Columbia University. Columbia University was founded in 1754 as King’s College by royal charter of King George II of England. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of

New York and the fifth oldest in the United States. Controversy preceded the founding of the College, with various groups competing to determine its location and religious affiliation. Advocates of New York City met with success on the first point, while the Anglicans prevailed on the latter. However, all constituencies agreed to commit themselves to principles of religious liberty in establishing the policies of the

College. In July 1754, Samuel Johnson held the first classes in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan. There were eight students in the class. At King’s College, the future leaders of colonial society could receive an education designed to “enlarge the Mind, improve the Understanding, polish the whole

Man, and qualify them to support the brightest Characters in all the elevated stations in life.” One early manifestation of the institution’s lofty goals was the establishment in 1767 of the first American medical school to grant the MD degree. The American Revolution brought the growth of the College to a halt, forcing a suspension of instruction in 1776 that lasted for eight years. However, the institution continued to exert a significant influence

on American life through the people associated with it. Among the earliest students and Trustees of King’s College were John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States; Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury; Gouverneur Morris, the author of the final draft of the

U.S. Constitution; and Robert R. Livingston, a member of the five-man committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence. The College reopened in 1784 with a new name—Columbia—that embodied the patriotic fervor, which had inspired the nation’s quest for independence. The revitalized institution was recognizable as the descendant of its colonial ancestor, thanks to its inclination toward Anglicanism and the needs of an urban population, but there were important differences:

Columbia College reflected the legacy of the Revolution in the greater economic, denominational, and geographic diversity of its new students and leaders. Cloistered campus life gave way to the more common phenomenon of day students, who lived at home or lodged in the city. In 1849, the College moved from Park Place, near the present site of City Hall, to 49th

Street and Madison Avenue, where it remained for the next fifty years. During the last half of the nineteenth century, Columbia rapidly assumed the shape of a modern university. The Law School was founded in 1858, and the country’s first mining school, a precursor of today’s School of Engineering and Applied Science, was established in 1864. When Seth Low became Columbia’s president in 1890, he vigorously promoted the university ideal for the

College, placing the fragmented federation of autonomous and competing schools under a central administration that stressed cooperation and shared resources. Barnard College for women had become affiliated with Columbia in 1889; the medical school came under the aegis of the University in 1891, followed by Teachers of graduate faculties in political science, philosophy, and pure science established Columbia as one of the nation’s earliest centers for graduate education.

In 1896, the Trustees officially authorized the use of yet another new name, Columbia University, and today the institution is officially known as Columbia University in the City of New York. Low’s greatest accomplishment, however, was moving the University from 49th Street to Morningside Heights and a more spacious campus designed as an urban academic village by McKim, Mead & White, the renowned turn-of-the-century architectural firm.

Architect Charles Follen McKim provided Columbia with stately buildings patterned after those of the Italian Renaissance. The University continued to prosper after its move uptown. During the presidency of Nicholas Murray Butler (1902–1945), Columbia emerged as a preeminent national center for educational innovation and scholarly achievement. John Erskine taught the first Great Books Honors Seminar at

Columbia College in 1919, making the study of original masterworks the foundation of undergraduate education. Columbia became, in the words of College alumnus Herman Wouk, a place of “doubled magic,” where “the best things of the moment were outside the rectangle of Columbia; the best things of all human history and thought