Ecological problems in big cities, particular in Moscow. How can a contradiction between the technological progress and ecology be solved from my point of view?

         Project

Ecological problems in big cities,
particular in Moscow. How can a contradiction between the technological
progress and ecology be solved from my point of view?

By

Anton Litvin

Moscow 2004.

THE CONTENT:

I.        
The
introduction

II. Pollution of Moscow environment

1.
Air pollution.

2.
Condition of flora and fauna.

3.
Thermal
pollution.

III.
Condition of health of the Moscow citizen.

 IV. Processing of waste
products

V.
How can a contradiction between the technological progress and ecology can be
solved?

The introduction.

We are living in the
century of the technological progress trying to open all new and unknown, each
day brings us new ideas, each month brings us new technological solutions,
people go strait in development new invents and do not look back, do not stop,
do not think of the act… All they think about is making their life more
convenient for them self. That is why the have forgotten one of the most
valuable things– the environment. You see we are living in the symbiosis with
nature and we strongly depend on it. I will try to tell in my research work
about its problems in my native city Moscow.

It was founded in1147by
Jury Dolgoruky. During its history it was roughly all developed, and became
more beautiful. Now it is one of the largest cities in the world with the
population more than 9’000’000 of people. It is obvious, that in Moscow there are environmental problems as radioactive pollution, toxic pollution, air
pollution,… just like in other cities. In my research work I shall try to meet
you with the ecology of Moscow. And I will also tell you my point of view on
it.

All figures and data given
in my work present as it was taken from the official site of Moscow
administration.

Pollution of Moscow environment.

1 Air pollution.

The main problem of Moscow is the pollution of air. Each year atmosphere gets 1.8 million tons of harmful
substances 90% from them is due to motor transport, and it is very clean
because in my native city 35% of automobiles are more than 10 years old. There
motors have fulfilled there term. 94% of all machines are not equipped with
special filters to protect environment from harmful gases.

The number of automobiles
in Moscow is growing from year to year, and ecologists predict that in some
years it will plunge in smoke. Whether there is an exit from this situation?

The Moscow government has
developed the new program. According to it in Moscow new roads and high ways
will be constricted. It should solve the problem of transport circulation. On
public transport there will be filters putted. And we will come to euro-1
euro-2 standards. It is also planned to develop the electric transport like
monorail trains. In November of 2000 year the program “Strategy of struggle
against motor transport emissions in Moscow” was accepted by Moscow government.
But of course the process will not pass quickly.

2 Condition of flora and fauna.

A major component of urban
terrain is the green massive (parks, urban forests and gardens), birds and
animals inhabiting them. The greenery as well as the environmental system,
provide comfort of living conditions for people in the city, adjusts to
definite limits the gas composition of air and the degree of its pollution, climatic
characteristics of urban territories, reduces the influence of noise factor and
is a source of aesthetic perception.

Urban forests.

In the territory of Moscow there are not less than 36 wood missives. The largest woods massive of Moscow are Лосиный остров – in the city limits, Узкое and Измайлово. In old part of the city,
within the boundaries of the Moscow Circular rail road, kept only two
relevantly large woods massive: Сокольники and Останкино. The condition of forests as a whole can be described
as loosened, that first of all determined by the site of the city limits and,
accordingly, level of techno genetic loads.

Kept within the Moscow
boundary other natural components (moors and rivers) are also in a bad
condition, as well as forests they have undergone definite changes as a result
of effect of the complex of anthropogenic factors and have lost those or
divers  qualities and properties, characteristic for natural eco system. These
natural components more than woods are subjecting to threat to a full
degradation because of their unattended development.

The city of Moscow includes green plantations parks (urban specialized), districts and children’s
parks, squares and boulevard. The gardening of the streets takes the special
place in improvement of an ecological condition of the city. The green
plantations should execute one more function protection of terrains of a
housing estate against a transport noise.

Fauna.

Since 1961 from a
structure of a fauna of Moscow 23 kinds have vanished, first of all, by
availability in borders of the city large forests and park of missives, bound
with forests and parks by a protective belt.

Thermal pollution.

The analysis of thermal
anomalies has shown, that the areas with positive highly and medium contrast by
thermal anomalies (temperature rise above background more than 10ºC) are
connected to industrial objects and intensive thermal outflow from underground
of the water carrying communications.

Out come of outflow of
ardent water from underground water carryings of the communications, in
particular, is the change of a temperature schedule of underground waters.

Condition of health of the Moscow citizen.

The ecological analyses
have shown that 80% of illnesses have arisen in a result of the bad ecological
situation in Moscow. Now days in big cities oncology death rate in age grade 40
years; maximum rating the rate of mortality gains in an age-grade of 80-90
years, the oncology death rate of men in age after 45 years exceeds death rate
of the women in the same group in 2 times.

The most unfavorable
situation in the city on a children’s morbidity was added up in central,
Eastern, Northwest and Зеленоградском district. The high level of illnesses of respiratory organs
is also reiterated there.

Processing of waste products.

An important problem of a
big city is the recycling of waste. Who enjoy living in dump? This problem
recently began to get huge values because the development of his industry is
accompanied by growth of industrial wastes, and it is not possible to dump all
waste products in one big heap, that is why this problem has to be solved somehow.

For that in Moscow special factories were built. For example in 1998, factories on processing dust was
advanced 423’000 tons of waste products, buried 980’000 tons of waste products.
For processing waste we use advanced technologies. The new factory in Чертаново and Котляково is constructed, these
factories can process on 40’000 tons per one year, the factory in Рудникого is constructed, but the
level of the processed waste is still very low. For example in 1998 at
factories it was advanced 6% of waste products, 35%

were buried. Others sent
to dumps of the Moscow area. In 1998 it was liquidated 13’000 cases of illegal
dumps of the Moscow area.

As for me I can see that
more and more factories are built and we are not going to sink in a heap of
waste products.

How can a contradiction
between the technological progress and ecology be solved?

My survey research claimed
that 100% of Moscow citizen want there streets to be cleaned, but only 29.8% of
them are ready to pay more taxes to deal with the problem. Next problem is that
every third person in the street will through away different kind of liter just
in the street for different reasons. From that fact the conclusion is that we
should not only think of cleaned streets, we must work on saving them cleaned. 
That is what we must teach our children if we are not going to live like pigs.

The next kind of pollution
that we can easily feel on our self is the air pollution.

It is not a new for any
one that cars, which all we like, are the main cause for it.

Some people say that we
should better use bicycles, not to pollute the environment; I advise them to
live in caves with out electricity and other technological conveniences, to
protect the environment. But there are much more useful ideas of saving our
planet and there is one thing which sums them up: - The main idea is that
technology must help us to protect the environment which has already suffered
from it. From that idea recycling factories were maid, different filters
invented, people even started to invent alternative kinds of fuel, which are
nearly harm less to the planet, and at least we think so at the moment. There
are even cars maid, which are working on new fuel elements, this is how we have
called these kind of fuel.

Surely we will not be able
to use these cars tomorrow and even in the next 10 years, that is why our
government must continue working on pollution problems in our country at real
time, and we will have to come to euro-3 standard. We must also use special
filters in our cars and other last developments in this area.

What do you
think must be done to make the ecological situation of Moscow better? That is the
question which was told to people on line.

RESULTS

(24 – 25march) 2004.

Big thanks to the RosBusinessConsulting by which the
pool was maid it’s site- www.rbcnews.com

I think that it shows that
80% of Moscow citizen are interested in making our environment cleaner and that
the main things they are interested is the air pollution which was produced by the
plants and factories out of the city.

It shoes that people sees
the problem, but as I have already sad they do nothing to solve It, that is why
there must be strict government control on the pollution in big cities like Moscow,
government must also think of the recycling of the waste products, and of
course much more strict ecological laws must be maid. There must be even Special
Forces made to control the pollution in the streets and all these must be not
on paper, but in the air we breathe, water we drink, and in the streets we are all
walking through.

Our
planet needs us as well as we need our planet.

THE LIST OF USED
MATERIALS.

Internet

www.ecolife.ru

www.greenpeace.ru

www.moscow.ru

www.rbcnews.com