Pluto
Pluto, which is only about
two-thirds the size of our moon, is a cold, dark and frozen place. Relatively
little is known about this tiny planet with the strange orbit. Its composition
is presumed to be rock and ice, with a thin atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon
monoxide and methane. The Hubble Space Telescope has produced only fuzzy images
(above) of the distant object.
Pluto's orbit
Pluto's 248-year orbit is off-center
in relation to the sun, which causes the planet to cross the orbital path of
Neptune. From 1979 until early 1999, Pluto had been the eighth planet from the
sun. Then, on February 11, 1999, it crossed Neptune's path and once again
became the solar system's most distant planet. It will remain the ninth planet
for 228 years.
Pluto's orbit is inclined, or
tilted, 17.1 degrees from the ecliptic -- the plane that Earth orbits in.
Except for Mercury's inclination of 7 degrees, all the other planets orbit more
closely to the ecliptic.
Interestingly, a similar thing
happens with Jupiter's moons: Many orbit on the ecliptic, but some are inclined
from that plane. Did you wonder: Will Pluto and Neptune ever collide? They
won't, because their orbits are so different. Pluto intersects the solar
system's ecliptic, or orbital plane, twice as its orbit brings it
"above," then "below" that plane where most of the other
planets' revolve -- including Neptune.
And, though they are neighbors Pluto
and Neptune are always more than a billion miles apart.
Is it a planet at
all?
Some astronomers think Pluto may
have wandered into the system of planets from a more distant region known as
the Kuiper belt -- a region beyond the orbit of Pluto thought to contain Pluto-like
objects and comets that orbit the sun in a plane similar to the planets of the
solar system.
If that's the case, Pluto is not a
planet at all, but is probably more like a large asteroid or comet. Some have
also suggested that it may have once been a moon of Neptune and escaped.
The International Astronomical
Union, the organization responsible for classifying planets, gives these
reasons for questioning Pluto's status as a planet:
· All the other planets in the outer
solar system are gaseous, giant planets whereas Pluto is a small solid object
· Pluto is smaller than any other
planet by more than a factor of 2.
· Pluto's orbit is by far the most
inclined with respect to the plane of the solar system, and also the most
eccentric, with only the eccentricity of Mercury's orbit even coming close
· Pluto's orbit is the only
planetary orbit which crosses that of another planet (during 1999 Pluto will
again cross Neptune's orbit, thus regaining its status as the most distant
planet)
· Pluto's satellite, Charon, is
larger in proportion to its planet than any other satellite in the solar
system.
Pluto has one moon, Charon, which
was discovered in 1978. The satellite may be a chunk that broke off Pluto in a
collision with another large object.
Pluto: hades in
ancient myth, roman god of the Underworld
Historical notes
Pluto was not discovered until 1930,
by amateur American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh. Since Tombaugh's death in 1997,
many astronomers have increasingly urged the International Astronomical Union,
which names celestial objects, to strip Pluto of its status as a planet.
After a news report generated a
flurry of irate e-mails about the possible change, officials assured the world
that Pluto would remain a planet. But it will also likely become the first in a
new class of celestial object known as a TNO, or Trans-Neptunian Object. It
seems Pluto may then have a sort of dual citizenship.
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