Pyotr Kapitsa
P. Kapita, an outstanding Soviet physicist, was born
in Kronstadt in the family of a general in 1894. He graduated from the
Petrograd Polytechnic Institute in 1919. Kapitsa took a great interest in
physics while still at the institute.
In 1921 Kapitsa was sent to England on Lenin's
instructions to renew scientific contacts. He worked in the famous Cavendish
Laboratory headed by Rutherford. Kapitsa was elected a member of the Royal
Sociaty for his outstanding scientific work in the production of large magnetic
fields.
In the middle of 1930s he organized the Institute of
Physical Problems near Moscow. It was here that Kapitsa concetrated his
attention on the research of superlow temperatures of liquid helium and
superconductivity. He showed that helium conducted heat so well becouse it
flowed with remarkable ease.
After the W.W.II his scientific activity was directed
to space research. In 1950s Kapitsa also turned his attention to ball lightning
- a phenomenon in which plasma exists for a much longer period than it was
supposed.
Kapitsa was awarded a Nobel Prize for his great
contribution to world science in 1978. Today there are few names in the history
of phisics that can be placed next to his.
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