Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon
Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon (1699-1779). French painter,
one of the greatest of the 18th century, whose genre and still life subjects
documented the life of the Paris bourgeoisie. He favored simple still lifes and
unsentimental domestic interiors. His muted tones and ability to evoke textures
are seen in Benediction and Return from Market
(Louvre) and Blowing Bubbles and Mme Chardin
(Metropolitan Museum). His unusual abstract compositions had great influence.
Chardin
was born in Paris, November 2, 1699, the son of a cabinetmaker. Largely
self-taught, he was strongly influenced by 17th-century Low Country masters
such as Metsu and de Hooch. Like them, he devoted himself to simple subjects
and common themes. His lifelong work in this style contrasted sharply with the
heroic historical subjects and lighthearted rococo scenes that constituted the
mainstream of art during the mid-18th century.
Chardin
was admitted to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in 1728 on the
basis of two early still lifes, The Skate and The Buffet
(both 1728, Louvre, Paris). In the 1730s, he began to paint scenes of everyday
life in bourgeois Paris, among them Lady Sealing a Letter (1733,
former State Museums, Berlin), Scouring Maid (1738, Hunterian
Museum, Glasgow, Scotland), and The Benediction (1740, Louvre).
Characterized by subdued colors and mellow lighting, these works celebrate the
beauty of their commonplace subjects and project an aura of humanity, intimacy,
and honest domesticity. Chardin's technical skill gave his paintings an
uncannily realistic texture. He rendered forms by means of light by using
thick, layered brushstrokes and thin, luminous glazes. Called the grand
magician by critics, he achieved a mastery in these areas unequaled by any
other 18th-century painter. Chardin's early support came from aristocratic
patrons, including King Louis XV. He later gained a wider popularity when
engraved copies of his works were produced. He turned to pastels in later life
when his eyesight began to fail. Unappreciated at the time, these pastels are
now highly valued. Chardin died in Paris, December 6, 1779.
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