РЕФЕРАТ
на тему:
«Принцесса Уэльская Диана»
г. Георгиевск, 1998 год
Death
The tragic death of Diana, Princess of Wales occurred on Sunday, 31 August
1997 following a car accident in Paris, France. The vehicle in which the
Princess was travelling was involved in a high-speed accident in the Place
de l'Alma underpass in central Paris shortly before midnight on Saturday,
30 August. The Princess was taken to the La Pitie Salpetriere Hospital,
where she underwent two hours of emergency surgery before being declared
dead at 0300 BST. The Princess's companion, Mr Dodi Fayed, and the driver
of the vehicle died in the accident, whilst a bodyguard was seriously
injured.
The Princess's body was subsequently repatriated to the United Kingdom in
the evening of Sunday, 31 August by a BAe 146 aircraft of the Royal
Squadron. The Prince of Wales and the Princess's elder sisters, Lady Sarah
McCorquodale and Lady Jane Fellowes, accompanied the Princess's coffin on
its return journey. Upon arrival at RAF Northolt, the coffin, draped with a
Royal Standard, was removed from the aircraft and transferred to a waiting
hearse by a bearer party from The Queen's Colour Squadron of the RAF. The
Prime Minister was among those in the reception party.
From RAF Northolt the coffin was taken to a private mortuary in London, so
that the necessary legal formalities could be completed. Shortly after
midnight, it was moved to the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, where it
lay privately until the funeral on Saturday, 6 September, in Westminster
Abbey. The Princess's family and friends visited the Chapel to pay their
respects.
Following the funeral service, the coffin then was taken by road to the
family estate at Althorp for a private interment. The Princess was buried
in sanctified ground on an island in the centre of an ornamental lake
Childhood and teenage years
Diana, Princess of Wales, formerly Lady Diana Frances Spencer, was born on
1 July 1961 at Park House near Sandringham, Norfolk. She was the youngest
daughter of the then Viscount and Viscountess Althorp, now the late (8th)
Earl Spencer and the Hon. Mrs Shand-Kydd, daughter of the 4th Baron Fermoy.
Earl Spencer was Equerry to George VI from 1950 to 1952, and to The Queen
from 1952 to 1954. Lady Diana's parents, who had married in 1954, separated
in 1967 and the marriage was dissolved in 1969. Earl Spencer later married
Raine, Countess of Dartmouth in 1976.
Together with her two elder sisters Sarah (born 1955), Jane (born 1957) and
her younger brother Charles (born 1964), Lady Diana continued to live with
her father at Park House, Sandringham, until the death of her grandfather,
the 7th Earl Spencer. In 1975, the family moved to the Spencer family seat
at Althorp (a stately house dating from 1508) in Northamptonshire, in the
English Midlands.
Lady Diana was educated first at a preparatory school, Riddlesworth Hall at
Diss, Norfolk, and then in 1974 went as a boarder to West Heath, near
Sevenoaks, Kent. At school she showed a particular talent for music (as an
accomplished pianist), dancing and domestic science, and gained the
school's award for the girl giving maximum help to the school and her
schoolfellows. She left West Heath in 1977 and went to finishing school at
the Institut Alpin Videmanette in Rougemont, Switzerland, which she left
after the Easter term of 1978. The following year she moved to a flat in
Coleherne Court, London. For a while she looked after the child of an
American couple, and she worked as a kindergarten teacher at the Young
England School in Pimlico.
Marriage and family
On 24 February 1981 it was officially announced that Lady Diana was to
marry The Prince of Wales. As neighbours at Sandringham until 1975, their
families had known each other for many years, and Lady Diana and the The
Prince had met again when he was invited to a weekend at Althorp in
November 1977.
They were married at St Paul's Cathedral in London on 29 July 1981, in a
ceremony which drew a global television and radio audience estimated at
around 1,000 million people, and hundreds of thousands of people lining the
route from Buckingham Palace to the Cathedral. The wedding reception was at
Buckingham Palace
The marriage was solemnised by the Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Runcie,
together with the Dean of St Paul's; clergy from other denominations read
prayers. Music included the hymns 'Christ is made the sure foundation', 'I
vow to thee my country', the anthem 'I was glad' (by Sir Hubert Parry), a
specially composed anthem 'Let the people praise thee' by Professor
Mathias, and Handel's 'Let the bright seraphim' performed by Dame Kiri te
Kanawa. The lesson was read by the Speaker of the House of Commons, Mr
George Thomas (the late Lord Tonypandy).
The Princess was the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the throne for
300 years (when Lady Anne Hyde married the future James II from whom the
Princess was descended). The bride wore a silk taffeta dress with a 25-foot
train designed by the Emanuels, her veil was held in place by the Spencer
family diamond tiara, and she carried a bouquet of gardenias, lilies-of-the-
valley, white freesia, golden roses, white orchids and stephanotis. She was
attended by five bridesmaids including Princess Margaret's daughter Lady
Sarah Armstrong-Jones (now Lady Sarah Chatto); Prince Andrew (now The Duke
of York) and Prince Edward were The Prince of Wales's supporters (a Royal
custom instead of a best man).
The Prince and Princess of Wales spent part of their honeymoon at the
Mountbatten family home at Broadlands, Hampshire, before flying to
Gibraltar to join the Royal Yacht HMY BRITANNIA for a 12-day cruise through
the Mediterranean to Egypt. They finished their honeymoon with a stay at
Balmoral.
The Prince and Princess made their principal home at Highgrove House near
Tetbury, Gloucestershire, and shared an apartment in Kensington Palace
The Princess of Wales had two sons. Prince William Arthur Philip Louis was
born on 21 June 1982 and Prince Henry (Harry) Charles Albert David on 15
September 1984, both at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, in London.
The Princess had seventeen godchildren
In December 1992 it was announced that The Prince and Princess of Wales had
agreed to separate. The Princess based her household and her office at
Kensington Palace, while The Prince was based at St James's Palace and
continued to live at Highgrove.
In November 1995, the Princess gave a television interview during which she
spoke of her unhappiness in her personal life and the pressures of her
public role. The Prince and Princess were divorced on 28 August 1996.
The Prince and Princess continued to share equal responsibility for the
upbringing of their children. The Princess, as the mother of Prince William
(second in line to the throne), continued to be regarded as a member of the
Royal family. The Queen, The Prince and The Princess of Wales agreed that
the Princess was to be known after the divorce as Diana, Princess of Wales,
without the style of 'Her Royal Highness' (as the Princess was given the
style 'HRH' on marriage she would therefore be expected to give it up on
divorce).
The Princess continued to live at Kensington Palace, with her office based
there.
After her marriage, The Princess of Wales quickly became involved in the
official duties of the Royal family. Her first tour with The Prince was a
three-day visit to Wales in October 1981. In 1983 she accompanied The
Prince on a tour of Australia and New Zealand, and they took the infant
Prince William with them. Prince William, with Prince Harry, again joined
The Prince and Princess at the end of their tour to Italy in 1985. Other
official overseas visits undertaken with The Prince included Australia (for
the bicentenary celebrations in 1988), Brazil, India, Canada, Nigeria,
Cameroon, Indonesia, Spain, Italy, France, Portugal and Japan (for the
enthronement of Emperor Akihito). Their last joint overseas visit was to
South Korea in 1992.
The Princess's first official visit overseas on her own was in September
1982, when she represented The Queen at the state funeral of Princess Grace
of Monaco. The Princess's first solo overseas tour was in February 1984
when she travelled to Norway to attend a performance of Carmen by the
London City Ballet, of which she was patron. The Princess subsequently
visited many countries including Germany, the United States, Pakistan,
Switzerland, Hungary, Egypt, Belgium, France, South Africa, Zimbabwe and
Nepal.
Although the Princess was renowned for her style and was closely associated
with the fashion world, patronising and raising the profile of younger
British designers, she was best known for her charitable work.
During her marriage, the Princess was president or patron of over 100
charities. The Princess did much to publicise work on behalf of homeless
and also disabled people, children and people with HIV/Aids. In December
1993, the Princess announced that she would be reducing the extent of her
public life in order to combine 'a meaningful public role with a more
private life'.
After her separation from The Prince, the Princess continued to appear with
the Royal family on major national occasions, such as the commemorations of
the 50th anniversary of VE (Victory in Europe) and VJ (Victory over Japan)
Days in 1995.
Following her divorce, the Princess resigned most of her charity and other
patronages, and relinquished all her Service appointments with military
units. The Princess remained as patron of Centrepoint (homeless charity),
English National Ballet, Leprosy Mission and National Aids Trust, and as
President of the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street and of the
Royal Marsden Hospital. In June 1997, the Princess attended receptions in
London and New York as previews of the sale of a number of dresses and
suits worn by her on official engagements, with the proceeds going to
charity.
The Princess spent her 36th and last birthday on 1 July 1997 attending the
Tate Gallery's 100th Anniversary celebrations. Her last official engagement
in Britain was on 21 July, when she visited Northwick Park Hospital, London
(children's accident and emergency unit).
In the year before her death, the Princess was an active campaigner for a
ban on the manufacture and use of land mines. In January 1997, she visited
Angola as part of her campaign. in June, the Princess spoke at the
landmines conference at the Royal Geographical Society in London, and this
was followed by a visit to Washington DC in the United States on 17/18 June
to promote the American Red Cross landmines campaign (separately, she also
met Mother Teresa in The Bronx).
The Princess's last public engagements were during her visit to Bosnia from
7 to 10 August, when she visited landmine projects in Travnic, Sarajevo and
Zenezica.
It was in recognition of her charity work that representatives of the
charities with which she worked during her life were invited to walk behind
her coffin with her family from St James's Palace to Westminster Abbey on
the day of her funeral.
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