Anti-Semitism In”The Merchant Of Venice” Essay, Research Paper
Anti-Semitism in “The Merchant of Venice”
Throughout the play, “The Merchant of Venice” William Shakespeare portrays anti-Semitism through many of his characters. Audiences today may interpret the play to be offensive, where as people of Shakespeare’s time would have accepted the play as part of everyday life. The majority of London’s population at the time was anti-Semitic because there were very few Jews living there. Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice” supports anti-Semitism actions and thoughts and therefore it is an anti- Semitic play.
Anti- Semitism is demonstrated very strongly through the character of Antonio. It is clear that Antonio is prejudice towards Jews. Shylock confronts Antonio for spitting on his gabardine, calling him a ‘dog’, and scolding him in the Rialto about his moneys. Antonio replies with, “I am like to call thee so again, To spet on thee again, to spurn thee, too”(1.3.140-141). Antonio does not deny his actions and instead of apologizing he says he will do them again. He does not hold back his feelings for Shylock and in a broad sense his feelings toward Jews.
In the second act, Launcelot is debating whether or not he should seek a new employer. His problem is that he works for Shylock, who is Jewish. Launcelot thinks to himself, “Certainly the Jew is the very devil incarnation” (2.2.24). Eventually, he decides to run away from Shylock rather than continue working for a Jew. He then presents the argument, “I am a Jew if I serve the Jew any longer” (2.2.104) to his father. Before accepting the new job, Antonio discusses the matter with his father and reminds himself that Bassanio is much poorer than Shylock, but that he would much rather work for a Christian than a Jew.
Lorenzo harshly insults Shylock when he tells Jessica that if her father ever makes it to heaven, it is only because Jessica converted to Christianity and that is portrayed through the line, “If e’er the Jew her father come to heaven, It will be for his gentle daughter’s sake” (2.4.36-7). Lorenzo describes Jessica using the word gentle. The word gentle in Shakespeare’s time can also be pronounced gentile which means against Judaism. In this quote and later on in the play through the line, “Our house is hell, and the, a merry devil”(2.3.2-3), Shakespeare is informing the reader that Jessica dislikes her father and that the house she has lived in with him is hell. Jessica is also an anti- Semite.
Throughout “The Merchant of Venice,” Shakespeare uses examples of anti-Semitism through many characters. An audience of Shakespeare’s time would have found these situations humorous because it was their reality, but to a Semite or a modern audience this play may seem offensive and attacking. Antonio came right out and clearly expressed his hatred for Jews. Launcelot decided to find a new master because he thought that being around a Jew was dangerous to his health and mind. Lorenzo stated that the only way Shylock would get to heaven is by his gentle daughter. Jessica showed her dislike towards Jews when she ran away from her father to elope with a Christian man. These four characters’ attitudes and thoughts throughout “The Merchant of Venice” make it an anti- Semitic play.