Гетте "Фауст" (реферат на англ. яз.)

Fauste of Gyote is one of the outstanding works of art which, delivering high aesthetic pleasure, open a at the some time lot of important about life. Such works surpass in the value the books which are read out of curiosity, for the rest and entertainment. A special depth of comprehension of life and incomparable beauty with which the world is embodied in a life amages amares us in such works of art. Each page of it open for us unusual beauties of enlightenment

about the meaning of some life phenomena , and we from readers turn to accomplices of great process of spiritual development of mankind. The works distinguished by such force of generalization, become the highest embodiment of spirit of people and time. More over, the power of art idea overcomes geographical and state boundaries and other peoples also find in creation of the poet the ideas and the feelings close to them.

The book finds the world singnificance. The work of art which has arisen in certain conditions and in certain time, having on it an indelible seal of the epoch, keeps interest and for the next generations, because human problems love and hatred, fear and hope, despair and joy, success and defeat, growth and decline all this and many other things is not attached to one time. People of other generations recognize their own in others sorrow and in others joy.

The book gets universal significate. The writer of Fauste Iogan Volfrang Gyote 1749 - 1832 has lived eighty two years filled with indefatigable and various activity. Poet, the playwright, the novelist, Gyote also was quite good artist and rather serious scientist and naturalist. The breadth of intellectual outlook of Gyote was unusual. There was no such vital phenomenon which would not involve his attention.

Gyote has been working at Fauste almost all his creative life. The first plan has arisen when he was more than twenty years old. He has finished the work few months prior to death. About sixty years has passed from the beginning of work before its termination. The work on the first part of Fauste which for the first time was published in 1808 took more than

thirty years. Gyote could not start the writing of the second part for a long time, having been engaged in it closely in the latest years of his life. It appeared in the press after his death in 1833. Fauste - poetic work of special, extremely rare style building. There are really everyday life stages in Fauste, as, for example, a junket of students in cellar of Auerbaha, lyrical, as appointments of the hero with

Margarita, tragical, as the ending of the first part Gretthen is in a dungeon. Legendary - fantastic motives, myths and legends,are widely in Fauste and near to them, whim sicaly mixing with a fantasy, we see real human images and quite vital situations. Gyote first of all is a poet. There is no work of art equal to Fauste by universal disposition of its poetic composition.

The intimate lyrics, civil pathos, philosophical meditations, sharp satire, the description of a nature, national humour - all this fills poetic lines of universal creation of Gyote. A legend about medieval magican and practioner of black magic John Fauste is laid in the basis of a plot. He was really existing person, however already at his living people began to make up legends about him. There is published a book

The history of doctor Fauste a well known wizard and practioner of black magic of unknown author. He wrote his composition in condemnation of Fauste as the atheist. How ever with all animosity of the autor there peeps out a true look of remarkable person in his work, who has deserted with medieval scholastic science and with theology to understand the laws of the nature and subordinate it the. Churchmen accused him that he has sold his soul to devil.

The Fauste s impulse to knowledge reflects intellectual movement of the whole epoch of spiritual development of the European society, which have received the name the epoch of Education or century of Reason. The wide movement for study the nature, comprehension of its laws and using scientific discoveries for the good of mankind developed in the eighteenth century in struggle against church prejudices and obscurantism. Exactly on the ground of that emancipating movement the

work similar Fauste could have been appeared. These ideas had all European character, but were especially charactiristic for Germany. While England has gone through the bourgeois revolution in the seventeenth century, and France has passed through a revolutionary storm at the end of the eighteenth century, and in Germany historical conditions have developed so, that because of dissociation of the country advanced

public forces could not be united for the struggle against obsolete social establishments. The aspiration of best people for new life was shown therefore not in real political strike, not even in practical activities, but in intellectual activity. Gyote has expressed in Fauste in the figurative poetic form his own understanding of life. Fauste - undoubtedly alive person with passions and feelings inherent to other people.

But being bright and oustanding individuality Fauste at all is not an embodiment of perfection. The way of Fauste is hard. At first he challenges a proud call to space forces, causing spirit of the ground and hoping to measure swords with him. The life of Fauate which shows Gyote to the readers, is a way of indefatigable searches. The Fauste s father was a doctor, he cultivated in him love to science and has brought up in it him

aspiration to serve people. But doctoring of the father was powerless against the illnesses striked people. During epidemic of a plague young Fauste, having seen, that father s means can not stop a stream of death, addressed with hot entreaty to heaven. But the help did not come and from there. Then Fauste once and for all decided, that, it is useless to address for the god s help. After that Fauste devoted himself to science. We find out this background of

Fauste on a course of action. We shall meet the hero already then when he had gone the big life way and has come to a conclusion about his vain diligences. Despair of Fauste is so deep, that he wants to commit suicide. But he hears entreaties of people at this moment and decides to live. Fauste mets Mefistofel on his way at the critical moment.

Here it is necessary to return to one of the stages which shows the beginning of action to the Prologue in the sky. The God surrounded with angels, meets with Mefistofel in it The inhabitant of the hell Mefistofel embodies evil. The whole stage symbolizes struggle of goods and the evil, occuring in the world. Mefistofel completely denies for the person any advantages.

God recognizes that the person is far from perfect, but nevertheless finally can get out from a gloom . As such person God names Fauste. Mefistofel asks of the sanction to prove, as Фауста it is easy to misdirect that it is easy to misdirect Fauste from the wright way. Dispute between Mefistofel and the God is a dispute about nature and the value of the person.

The appearance of Mefistofel before Fauste is not casual. Mefistofel is not like a devil from naive national legends. The image created by Gyote, is full of deep philosophical sense. Gyote, however does not represent Mefistofel as exclusively embodiment of evil. He is really devilishly clever. Mefistofel does not allow

Fauste to calm down. Pushing Fauste to do bad things he even not expecting it wakes the best sides of hero s nature. Fauste, demanding from Mefistofel fulfillment all of his desires, puts a condition As soon as I shall glorify an istant, Exclaiming Instant, give me time All over, I will be your victim And no way out from a trap for me. The first, what he offers him is to visit a tavern where students are feasting.

He hopes, that Fauste, simply speaking, will give way to hard drinking and will forget about his searches. But the company of debauchees is opposite, to Fauste and suffers his first defeat. Then he prepares the second test for him. He returns him his youth with the help of magical charms. Mefistofel expects that young Fauste will give way to the feelings. Really, the first beautiful girl seen by Fauste, raises his desire, and he demands from the devil to

give him a beauty. Mefistofel helps him to get acquainted with Margarita, hoping that Fauste will find that fine instant in her arms which he would like to prolong to eternity. But and there the devil is defeated. If for the first time Fauste s attitude to Margarite was only roughly sensual but very soon it is replacing with true love. Gretthen is a fine, pure young cleature. Up to a meeting with

Fauste her life went peacefully and exactly. The love to Fauste has turned all her life. She was seized with the strong feeling, so strong as the Fauste s feeling was. Their love is mutual, but as people, they are completely various, and in it partly the reason of tragical outcome of their love is partly in it. The simple girl from the people, Gretthen has all qualities of loving female soul.

In contrast to Fauste, Gretthen accepts life as it goes. Brought up in strict religious rules, she considers natural propensities of her nature sinful. Later she deeply experiences her falling. Representing the heroine in such light Gyotehas given her features typical for the woman of his time. To understand destiny of Gretthen, clearly enough it is necessary to imagine epoch when similar tragedies

really took place. Gretthen appears to be a sinner both in her own eyes, and in eyes of the environment with its vulgar and sanctimonious prejudices. Gretthen becomes a victim doomed to death. Social surroundings could not take as granted the consequences of her love, taking for the shame the birth of the natural child. At last Fauste who could previent the murder of the child commited by Gretthen at the critical moment. For the sake of love to

Fauste she goes on sin, on a crime. But it over taxed her emotional strength, and she has lost mind. The attitude to heroine Gyote expresses in the end. When in dungeon Mefistofel hurries Fauste to run, he says, that Gretthen is all the same condemned. But at this time a voice from above comes Saved . If Gretthen it is condemned by a society so from the point of view of heavens, she is justified.

Up to last instant she even in obscuring mind is full of love to Fauste though this love and has brought her to the death. The death of Gretthen is a tragedy of the pure and beautiful woman, because great love happened to be involved in a circle of terrible events. The death of Gretthen is not a tragedy only for her, but also for

Fauste. He loved her with all his soul there was no more beautiful woman for him than she was. Fauste himself was partly guilty in the Gretthen s death. Gyote has selected a tragical plot because he wanted to confront the readers with the heaviest facts of life. He saw the problem in exciting attention to the unsolved and difficult questions of life. The second part of Fauste is one of samples of the literature of ideas.

There Gyotr represents in symbolical form crisis of a feudal monarchy, brutality of wars, searches of spiritual beauty, work for the good of a society. The problem of interpretation of some global problems carries Gyote away in the second part. This is the question of the main law of development of life. Deeply convinced of materiality of the world, Gyote at the same time considered, that movement of life

is determined by spiritual forces. Deeply suffered of the Gretthen death, Fauste revives to new life and continues searches of true. At first we see him on the state field. Disappointed with the state activity, Fauste searches for the new ways. The image of Elena Fine caused by means of magic raises in him desire to see her personally.

Elena fine serves Gyote as a symbol of his art ideal. But the ideal arose not at one moment, and the poet creates the whole act of tragedy to show, how the concept about fine was born in myths and legends of Ancient Greece. The theme appears at the same time. The book scientist Vagner creates an artificial man

Homunculus in his laboratory. He accompanies to Fauste in his searches of a way to fine, but hurts badly dies, where as Fauste achieves the purpose. Fauste and Elena embody two beginnings she is a symbol of ideal antique beauty, he is an embodiment of restless romantic spirit. A fine young man Evforion is born from symbolical marriage of Fauste and Elena, who connects the features of the parents.

But such creature can not life in our world. He is too ideal for it and he brokes to death. The belief that he found what he had searched is important to Fauste. Here is idea which I am devoted, It is result of what the mind has saved, The only one who life fight knows The life and freedom is deserved It is tragic, that the maximum wisdom Fauste finds only in the end of life.

He hears knocking of shovels and thinks, as if the work planned by him is going. Actually the lemurs subject to Mefistofel, dig a tomb for Fauste . After the Fauste s death Mefistofelwants to drag off his soul in hell, but divine powers interfere and carry it away on the sky where it is going to be Gretthen soul. If all way of the hero is tragical, it does not mean, that his life was empty and fruitless.

He was tormented, suffered, but his life was full value and demanded from him a pressure of all his emotional powers. It is impossible to exhaust all the riches of ideas of Gyote Fauste. The common sense of Fauste as fine drama poem hardly probable can cause doubts. The list of the literature 1 I.V. Gyote Fauste Moscow, 1993 2 Klinger F.M. Life of act and destruction of

Fauste Moscow,1958 3 Anikst A.A. Gyote and Fauste. From a plan to end. The contents Introduction 3 The basic part 4 The conclusion 10 The list of the literature .11