GREAT BRITAIN, Science

GREAT BRIIsles which are situated to the north-west ofEurope. They consist of two main islands Great Britain and Ireland. England isin the south of the island of Great Britain, Scotland is in the north and Walesis in the west.

Northen Ireland is situated in the noth-eastern part ofIreland. It s western coast is washed by the Atlantic ocean. In the east theisland of Great Britain is washed by the North Sea. The Irish Sea, the NorthChannel and the St. George s Channel separate Ireland from Great Britain.

GreatBritain is separated from France by the English Channel, which is 32 km wide init s narrowest part. In everyday speech Great Britain is used to mean the UK. The climat of Britain is usually described as cool,temperate and humid. As the weather changes with a wind, and Britain is visitedby winds from different parts of the world,

the most characteristic feature ofBritain s weather is it s variability. Summers are not hot and winters are notcold in Britain. The snow never lies for long on the ground. As a rule there isno ice on the waters of rivers and lakes. So we may say that the British climathas 3 main features it is mild, humid and changeble. That means that it snever too hot or too warm. English is the official, but not the only language usedin

the country. Britain has been many centuries in the making. The Romansconqered most part of Britain, but were unable to subduethe fiercely independent tribes in the West and in the North. Further waves ofinvaders followed Angels, Saxons, Jutes, Vikings and Normans. All thesecontributed to the mixture we call English. For many centuries this country wasknown simply as

England. It had a strong army and navy. It waged numerouscolonial wars. England, once the work shop of the world , was the first tobecome a highly industrial country. There are no big rivers in Great Britain. The biggest areSevern and Thames. There are a lot of mountain in Great Britain, but they arenit high. The highest mountain - Ben Nevis - is in Scotland.

The flora of theBritish Isles is much varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-westof Europe. The country is not very rich in natural resourses but there were sufficefor the Industrial Revolution to start. London is the capital of the UK. It was founded by theRomans. The population of London is over 8 million people. The largest cities of

Great Britain besides London are Birmingham, Glasgo, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds,Edinburgh. The most important seaports are London, Liverpool, Belfast, Glasgowand Cardiff. Science The word science comes from the latin word scientia ,which means knowledge . Scientists make observations and collect facts infield they work in.

Then they arrange facts ordelly and try to express theconnaction between the facts and try to work out theories. Then they have toprove the facts or theory correct and make sufficient and sound evidence. Sosientific knowledge is always growing and improving. Science has great influence on our life. It provides withbase of modern technology, materials, sources of power and so on. Modernscience and technology have changed our life in many different ways.

During thepresent century our life changed greatly. Thanks to radio and television we cando a great number of jobs it was radio and TV that made it possible tophotograph the dark side of the moon and to talk with the first cosmonaut whilehe was orbiting the Earth. On of the wonders og our age is the electronicbrain , or giant calculating mashine, which can to some extent duplicste humansences.

The desk computer is expected to function as your personal librarian,to carry out simple optimization computations, to control your budget or diet,play several hundred games, etc. further development of the computer isbellieved to lead to a situation in which most of the knowledge accepted bymankind will be stored in the computers and made accessible to anyone with thehome computers. It is natural that the advent of minicomputers with extensivememories and possibilities will lead to

a new higher level in informationculture. Among other things, we shall be able to organise educational processin the country s colleges and universities and also in the system of schooleducation on a new basic. Knowledge is the most valuable wealth, andminicomputers will help us to make it accessible for everyone. Agrycultiralsientists develop better varietives of plants. The development of antibioticsand other drugs has helped to control many diseases.

Studies in anatomy andphysiology have let to amazing surgical operations and the inventions oflifesaving mashines, that can do the work of such organs as heart, lungs and soon. Nuclear fission when a tremendous amount if energy is setting free is veryimportant discovery. Science improved the living standarts, communications,promoted contact between people and government, knowledge and culture, made itpossible to discover and develop new sources of energy, made it possible

toprolong man s life. But science also has some disadvantages. It produces massculture painting, music, literature. Some scientific inventions increase theecological problems, provide with new diseases like AIDS, increased the dangerof violent death. The greatest scientists were very persistent and weresure in their success. Even without any serious education they made greatinventions.

Even during times of disappointing experiments and unacknowledgementby other scientists, they didn t give up and went on working out theories. Alsothey were always ready to begineverything from the very beginning. They worked a lot, and this work wasn t formoney. The aim, the main object of the greatest scientists ofall times was always to find out the trith and no personal prejudices can beallowed. So the science grows and prospers and is the engine of progress.

The problem of learning languages very important today.Foreign languages are socially demanded especially at the present time when theprogress in science and technology has led to an explosion of knowledge and hascontributed to an overflow of information. The total knowledge of mankind isknown to double every seven years. Foreign languages are needed as the main andthe most efficient means of information exchange of the

people of our planet. Today English is the language of the world. Over 300million people speak it as mother tongue. The native speakers of English livein Great Britain, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages inthe Irish

Republic, Canada, the South African Republic. As the second languageit is used in the former British and UScolonies. It is not only the national or the official language ofsome thirty states which represents different cultures, but it is also themajor international language for communication in such areas as science,technology, business and mass entertainment. English is one of the official languagesof the United

Nations Organisation and other political organisations. It is thelanguage of literature, education, modern music, international tourism. Russia is integrating into the world community and theproblem of learning English for the purpose of communication is especiallyurgent today. So far there is no universal or ideal method of learninglanguages.

Everybody has his own way. Sometimes it is boring to study grammaror to learn new words. But it is well known that reading books in the original,listening to BBC news and English speaking singers, visiting an Englishspeaking country, communicating with the English speaking people will help alot. When learning aforeign language you learn the culture and history of the native speakers.