Classicism
Aesthetic attitudes and principles based on the culture,
art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and characterized by emphasis on
form, simplicity, proportion, and restrained emotion.
Classicism
and Neoclassicism, in the arts, historical tradition or aesthetic attitudes
based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity. In the context of the
tradition, Classicism refers either to the art produced in antiquity or to
later art inspired by that of antiquity; Neoclassicism always refers to the art
produced later but inspired by antiquity. Thus the terms Classicism and
Neoclassicism are often used interchangeably.
Term
that, with the related words `classic' and `Classical', is used in various (and
often confusing) ways in the history and criticism of the arts. In its broadest
sense, Classicism is used as the opposite of Romanticism, characterizing art in
which adherence to recognized aesthetic ideals is accorded greater importance
that individuality of expression. The word often implies direct inspiration from
antique art, but this is not a necessary part of the concept, and according to
context the word might be intended to convey little more than the idea of
clarity of expression, or alternatively of conservatism. In the context of
Greek art, the term `Classical' has a more precise meaning, referring to the
period between the Archaic and Hellenistic periods, when Greek culture is
thought to have attained its greatest splendor. The term `classic' is used to
refer to the best or most representative example of its kind in any field or
period. This is what Wölfflin meant when he gave the title Classic
Art to his book on the Italian High Renaissance. Thus, in this sense, it
would be legitimate, if wilfully confusing, to refer to Delacroix as the
classic Romantic artist. The three terms `classic', `Classical' and
`Classicism' are, then, often not used with discrimination or exactness, the
conflation of historical term and value judgement reflecting the idea (dominant
for centuries) that the art of the Greeks and Romans set a standard for all
future achievement. To clear up (or perhaps add to) the confusion, the rather
ungainly word `classicistic' has also entered the lists--it conveys the idea of
dependance on ancient models but without any sense of qualitative judgement.
1825
(opposé à romantisme) Doctrine des partisans exclusifs de la
tradition classique dans la littérature et dans l'art.
Il
y a ici une recrudescence de classicisme, de siècle de Louis XIV, de
goût pour Esther et de dilettantisme académique.
--
SainteBeuve, Correspondance, t. II.
Et
si l'on a pu dire enfin que le romantisme avait pris en tout le contrepied du
classicisme, la grande raison en est que le classicisme avait fait de
l'impersonnalité de l'oeuvre d'art l'une des conditions de sa
perfection.
--
Brunetière, Manuel de l'histoire de la littérature
française, III.
Ensemble
des caractères propres aux oeuvres littéraires et artistiques de
l'antiquité et du XVIIe siècle, telles qu'elles ont
été définies, jugées par les théoriciens de
la fin du XVIIe siècle (en France). L'union «du cartésianisme et
de l'art dans le classicisme» (Lanson).
C'est
par ce rationalisme (en littérature) que se définit
essentiellement, selon nous, le classicisme français. [...] Dans la
littérature et l'art le classicisme, qui a donné ses plus beaux
fruits, se prolonge encore (vers 1680). Véritable «Père de
l'Église», Bossuet oppose aux ennemis du catholicisme la pure doctrine
de la tradition. Racine fait jouer Esther (1689) et Athalie (1691). La Fontaine
publie son XIIe livre de Fables (1694).
R. Jasinski, Histoire de la
littérature française.
Список
литературы
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